SELECT Statements
A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.
- SELECT
- INTO
- FROM
- JOIN
- WHERE
- GROUP BY
- HAVING
- UNION
- ORDER BY
- LIMIT
SELECT Syntax
The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the component:
SELECT {
[ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
{
*
| {
<expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ]
| { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .*
} [ , ... ]
}
[ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
{
FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
} [ , ... ]
[ [
INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] }
] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
] [ ... ]
[ WHERE <search_condition> ]
[ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
[ HAVING <search_condition> ]
[ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
[
ORDER BY
<column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
]
[
LIMIT <expression>
[
{ OFFSET | , }
<expression>
]
]
}
<expression> ::=
| <column_reference>
| @ <parameter>
| ?
| COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
| { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> )
| NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> )
| COALESCE ( <expression> , ... )
| CASE <expression>
WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
[ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
END
| {RANK() | DENSE_RANK()} OVER ([PARTITION BY <column_reference>] {ORDER BY <column_reference>})
| <literal>
| <sql_function>
<search_condition> ::=
{
<expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
} [ { AND | OR } ... ]
Examples
- Return all columns:
SELECT * FROM AdAccounts
- Rename a column:
SELECT [Country] AS MY_Country FROM AdAccounts
- Cast a column's data as a different data type:
SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM AdAccounts
- Search data:
SELECT * FROM AdAccounts WHERE Id = '43567234'
- Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM AdAccounts
- Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Country) FROM AdAccounts
- Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM AdAccounts
- Sort a result set in ascending order:
SELECT Name, Country FROM AdAccounts ORDER BY Country ASC
- Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
SELECT Name, Country FROM AdAccounts LIMIT 10
- Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
SELECT * FROM AdAccounts WHERE Id = @param
Pseudo Columns
Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not
appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Pinterest.
SELECT * FROM AdAccounts WHERE IncludeSharedAccounts = 'true'
Aggregate Functions
For SELECT examples using aggregate functions, see Aggregate Functions.
JOIN Queries
See JOIN Queries for SELECT query examples using JOINs.
Date Literal Functions
Date Literal Functions contains SELECT examples with date literal functions.
Window Functions
See Window Functions for SELECT examples containing window functions.
Table-Valued Functions
See Table-Valued Functions for SELECT examples with table-valued functions.