A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
}

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM Pages

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [Name] AS MY_Name FROM Pages

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(Size AS VARCHAR) AS Str_Size FROM Pages

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM Pages WHERE Id = '10000'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Pages 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Name) FROM Pages 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT Name FROM Pages 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT Name, MAX(Size) FROM Pages GROUP BY Name

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   

   SELECT Pages.Title, Spaces.Name FROM Contents, Spaces WHERE Pages.SpaceKey=Spaces.Key

   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT Key, Name FROM Pages  ORDER BY Name ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT Key, Name FROM Pages LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM Pages WHERE Id = @param

See Explicitly Caching Data for information on using the SELECT statement in offline mode.

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Confluence.

    SELECT * FROM Pages WHERE Pseudo = '@Pseudo'