A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
}

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM MARA

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [MATNR] AS MY_MATNR FROM MARA

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM MARA

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM MARA WHERE ERNAM = 'BEHRMANN'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM MARA 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT MATNR) FROM MARA 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT MATNR FROM MARA 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT MATNR, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM MARA GROUP BY MATNR

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   

   SELECT MARA.MTART, MARC.WERKS FROM MARA, MARC WHERE MARA.MATNR = MARC.MATNR

   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT MANDT, MATNR FROM MARA  ORDER BY MATNR ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT MANDT, MATNR FROM MARA LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM MARA WHERE ERNAM = @param

See Explicitly Caching Data for information on using the SELECT statement in offline mode.

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from SAP ERP.

    SELECT * FROM MARA WHERE Pseudo = '@Pseudo'