The CData Sync App provides a straightforward way to continuously pipeline your SQL Server data to any database, data lake, or data warehouse, making it easily available for Analytics, Reporting, AI, and Machine Learning.
The SQL Server connector can be used from the CData Sync application to pull data from SQL Server and move it to any of the supported destinations.
The Sync App enables connectivity to SQL Server through the TDS protocol. SQL Server versions 2008, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2022 are suppported.
Connections to Azure SQL Server and Azure Data Warehouse instances are supported as well.
For required properties, see the Settings tab.
For connection properties that are not typically required, see the Advanced tab.
You can use the SQL Server Connector for CData Sync to connect to any instance of Microsoft SQL Server, Azure SQL Server, or Azure Data Warehouse.
Set the following connection properties to connect to SQL Server:
Set the following connection properties to connect to Azure SQL Server or Azure Data Warehouse:
To authenticate to Microsoft SQL Server using your SQL Server user login credentials, set the following:
To enable the Sync App to obtain login credentials automatically from the identity of the windows user running the process, set the following:
To authenticate to SQL Server with Kerberos, set AuthScheme to KERBEROS.
Authenticating to SQL Server via Kerberos requires you to define authentication properties and to choose how Kerberos should retrieve authentication tickets.
The Sync App provides three ways to retrieve the required Kerberos ticket, depending on whether or not the KRB5CCNAME and/or KerberosKeytabFile variables exist in your environment.
MIT Kerberos Credential Cache File
This option enables you to use the MIT Kerberos Ticket Manager or kinit command to get tickets. With this option there is no need to set the User or Password connection properties.
This option requires that KRB5CCNAME has been created in your system.
To enable ticket retrieval via MIT Kerberos Credential Cache Files:
If the ticket is successfully obtained, the ticket information appears in Kerberos Ticket Manager and is stored in the credential cache file.
The Sync App uses the cache file to obtain the Kerberos ticket to connect to SQL Server.
Note: If you would prefer not to edit KRB5CCNAME, you can use the KerberosTicketCache property to set the file path manually. After this is set, the Sync App uses the specified cache file to obtain the Kerberos ticket to connect to SQL Server.
Keytab File
If your environment lacks the KRB5CCNAME environment variable, you can retrieve a Kerberos ticket using a Keytab File.
To use this method, set the User property to the desired username, and set the KerberosKeytabFile property to a file path pointing to the keytab file associated with the user.
User and Password
If your environment lacks the KRB5CCNAME environment variable and the KerberosKeytabFile property has not been set, you can retrieve a ticket using a user and password combination.
To use this method, set the User and Password properties to the user/password combination that you use to authenticate with SQL Server.
To enable this kind of cross-realm authentication, set the KerberosRealm and KerberosKDC properties to the values required for user authentication. Also, set the KerberosServiceRealm and KerberosServiceKDC properties to the values required to obtain the service ticket.
To authenticate, set the following:
Alternatively, you can use OAuth by setting AuthScheme to AzureAd, AzurePassword, or AzureMSI. All OAuth connections require setting the AzureTenant connection property to the Id of the tenant the SQL Server database is hosted on.
Note: Microsoft has rebranded Azure AD as Entra ID. In topics that require the user to interact with the Entra ID Admin site, we use the same names Microsoft does. However, there are still CData connection properties whose names or values reference "Azure AD".
Microsoft Entra ID is a multi-tenant, cloud-based identity and access management platform. It supports OAuth-based authentication flows that enable the driver to access SQL Server endpoints securely.
Authentication to Entra ID via a web application always requires that you first create and register a custom OAuth application. This enables your application to define its own redirect URI, manage credential scope, and comply with organization-specific security policies.
For full instructions on how to create and register a custom OAuth application, see Creating a Custom Azure AD Application.
After setting AuthScheme to AzureAD, the steps to authenticate vary, depending on the environment. For details on how to connect from desktop applications, web-based workflows, or headless systems, see the following sections.
Note: Microsoft has rebranded Azure AD as Entra ID. In topics that require the user to interact with the Entra ID Admin site, we use the same names Microsoft does. However, there are still CData connection properties whose names or values reference "Azure AD".
Service principals are security objects within a Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD) application that define what that application can do within a specific tenant.
Service principals are created in the Entra admin center, also accessible through the Azure portal.
As part of the creation process we also specify whether the service principal will access Entra resources via a client secret or a certificate.
Depending on the service you are connecting to, a tenant administrator may need to enable Service Principal authentication or assign the Service Principal to the appropriate roles or security groups.
Instead of being tied to a particular user, service principal permissions are based on the roles assigned to them. These roles determine which resources the application can access and which operations it can perform.
When authenticating using a service principal, you must register an application with an Entra tenant, as described in Creating a Service Principal App in Entra ID (Azure AD).
This subsection describes properties you must set before you can connect. These vary, depending on whether you will authenticate via a client secret or a certificate.
To authenticate directly to Azure Active Directory using your Azure credentials, specify the following connection properties:
If you are running SQL Server on an Azure VM and want to automatically obtain Managed Service Identity (MSI) credentials to connect, set AuthScheme to AzureMSI.
If your VM has multiple user-assigned managed identities, you must also specify OAuthClientId.
Note: Microsoft has rebranded Azure AD as Entra ID. In topics that require the user to interact with the Entra ID Admin site, we use the same names Microsoft does. However, there are still CData connection properties whose names or values reference "Azure AD".
SQL Server supports OAuth-based authentication using Microsoft Entra ID. If you will connect via a web application and want to authenticate via Entra ID, you must first register a custom OAuth application in the Entra Admin Center, as described below.
To register an OAuth application in Microsoft Entra ID, follow these steps:
Note: If you select Accounts in this organizational directory only, when you connect with CData Sync App, you must set AzureTenant to the tenant's ID (either GUID or verified domain). Otherwise, authentication will fail.
Note: Microsoft has rebranded Azure AD as Entra ID. In topics that require the user to interact with the Entra ID Admin site, we use the same names Microsoft does. However, there are still CData connection properties whose names or values reference "Azure AD".
SQL Server supports OAuth-based authentication using Microsoft Entra ID. If you will connect via a web application and want to authenticate via Entra ID, you must first register a custom OAuth application in the Entra Admin Center, as described below.
To register an OAuth application in Microsoft Entra ID, follow these steps:
Note: If you select Accounts in this organizational directory only, when you connect with CData Sync App, you must set AzureTenant to the tenant's ID (either GUID or verified domain). Otherwise, authentication will fail.
This section details a selection of advanced features of the SQL Server Sync App.
Use SSL Configuration to adjust how Sync App handles TLS/SSL certificate negotiations. You can choose from various certificate formats;. For further information, see the SSLServerCert property under "Connection String Options" .
Configure the Sync App for compliance with Firewall and Proxy, including Windows proxies and HTTP proxies. You can also set up tunnel connections.
To enable TLS, set Encrypt to True.
With this configuration, the Sync App attempts to negotiate TLS with the server. The server certificate is validated against the default system trusted certificate store. You can override how the certificate gets validated using the SSLServerCert connection property.
To specify another certificate, see the SSLServerCert connection property.
The SQL Server Sync App also supports setting client certificates. Set the following to connect using a client certificate.
To authenticate to an HTTP proxy, set the following:
Set the following properties:
In addition to modeling data directly from SQL Server, the CData Sync App also includes a few built in stored procedures designed for assisting with OAuth connections against Azure hosted SQL Server. The stored procedures are listed here.
The Sync App maps types from the data source to the corresponding data type available in the schema. The table below documents these mappings.
| SQL Server | CData Schema |
| bigint | long |
| bigint identity | long |
| binary | binary |
| bit | bool |
| char | string |
| date | date |
| datetime | datetime |
| datetimeoffset | datetime |
| datetime2 | datetime |
| decimal | decimal |
| decimal identity | decimal |
| float | float |
| geography | binary |
| geometry | binary |
| hierarchyid | binary |
| image | binary |
| int | int |
| int identity | int |
| money | decimal |
| nchar | string |
| ntext | string |
| nvarchar | string |
| numeric | decimal |
| numeric identity | decimal |
| real | float |
| rowversion | binary |
| smalldatetime | datetime |
| smallint | short |
| smallint identity | short |
| smallmoney | decimal |
| sql_variant | binary |
| table | string |
| text | string |
| time | time |
| timestamp | binary |
| tinyint | byte |
| tinyint identity | byte |
| uniqueidentifier | string |
| varbinary | binary |
| varchar | string |
| xml | string |
Stored procedures are function-like interfaces that extend the functionality of the Sync App beyond simple SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations with SQL Server.
Stored procedures accept a list of parameters, perform their intended function, and then return any relevant response data from SQL Server, along with an indication of whether the procedure succeeded or failed.
| Name | Description |
Gets an authentication token from AzureAD.
| Name | Type | Description |
| AuthMode | String |
The allowed values are APP, WEB. The default value is APP. |
| Verifier | String | A verifier returned by the service that must be input to return the access token. Needed only when using the Web auth mode. Obtained by navigating to the URL returned in GetOAuthAuthorizationUrl. |
| Scope | String |
The default value is https://database.windows.net//.default offline_access. |
| CallbackUrl | String | |
| State | String | Indicates any state which may be useful to your application upon receipt of the response. Your application receives the same value it sent, as this parameter makes a round-trip to the AzureDataCatalog authorization server and back. Uses include redirecting the user to the correct resource in your site, nonces, and cross-site-request-forgery mitigations. |
| Prompt | String | Defaults to 'select_account' which prompts the user to select account while authenticating. Set to 'None', for no prompt, 'login' to force user to enter their credentials or 'consent' to trigger the OAuth consent dialog after the user signs in, asking the user to grant permissions to the app. |
| Name | Type | Description |
| OAuthAccessToken | String | The access token used for communication with Azure AD. |
| OAuthRefreshToken | String | The OAuth refresh token. This is the same as the access token in the case of Azure AD. |
| ExpiresIn | String | The remaining lifetime on the access token. A -1 denotes that it will not expire. |
Gets an authorization URL from the data source. The authorization URL can be used to generate a verifier required to obtain the OAuth token.
| Name | Type | Description |
| CallbackURL | String | The URL the user will be redirected to after authorizing your application. |
| Scope | String |
The default value is https://database.windows.net//.default. |
| State | String | This field indicates any state that may be useful to your application upon receipt of the response. Your application receives the same value it sent, as this parameter makes a round-trip to Dynamics authorization server and back. Uses include redirecting the user to the correct resource in your site, using nonces, and mitigating cross-site request forgery. |
| Prompt | String | Defaults to 'select_account' which prompts the user to select account while authenticating. Set to 'None', for no prompt, 'login' to force user to enter their credentials or 'consent' to trigger the OAuth consent dialog after the user signs in, asking the user to grant permissions to the app. |
| Name | Type | Description |
| Url | String | The authorization url that will need to be opened for the user to authorize your app. |
Refreshes the OAuth access token used for authentication with AzureDataCatalog.
| Name | Type | Description |
| OAuthRefreshToken | String | Set this to the token value that expired. |
| Name | Type | Description |
| OAuthAccessToken | String | The authentication token returned from AzureDataCatalog. This can be used in subsequent calls to other operations for this particular service. |
| OAuthRefreshToken | String | This is the same as the access token. |
| ExpiresIn | String | The remaining lifetime on the access token. |
The connection string properties are the various options that can be used to establish a connection. This section provides a complete list of the options you can configure in the connection string for this provider. Click the links for further details.
For more information on establishing a connection, see Establishing a Connection.
| Property | Description |
| AuthScheme | Specifies the scheme used to authenticate the connection to SQL Server. |
| Server | Specifies the name or network address of the SQL Server instance to connect to. |
| Port | Specifies the network port used to connect to the SQL Server instance. |
| Database | Specifies the name of the SQL Server database to connect to. |
| User | Specifies the authenticating user's user ID. |
| Password | Specifies the authenticating user's password. |
| Domain | Specifies the Windows domain used for NTLM authentication. |
| NTLMVersion | Specifies the version of the NTLM protocol to use for Windows authentication. |
| Encrypt | Specifies whether to enable TLS/SSL encryption for the connection to SQL Server. |
| DNSServer | Specify the DNS server to resolve the AG Listener’s IP address list. |
| Property | Description |
| BatchMode | Specifies the mode used for executing batch operations when inserting data into SQL Server. |
| Property | Description |
| AzureTenant | Identifies the SQL Server tenant being used to access data. Accepts either the tenant's domain name (for example, contoso.onmicrosoft.com ) or its directory (tenant) ID. |
| AzureEnvironment | Specifies the Azure network environment to which you will connect. Must be the same network to which your Azure account was added. |
| Property | Description |
| OAuthClientId | Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication. |
| OAuthClientSecret | Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.). |
| Scope | Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application, to ensure they get appropriate access to data. If a custom OAuth application is needed, this is generally specified at the time the application is created. |
| Property | Description |
| OAuthJWTCert | Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store. |
| OAuthJWTCertType | Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate. |
| OAuthJWTCertPassword | Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank. |
| OAuthJWTCertSubject | Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate. |
| Property | Description |
| KerberosKDC | Identifies the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service used to authenticate the user. (SPNEGO or Windows authentication only). |
| KerberosRealm | Identifies the Kerberos Realm used to authenticate the user. |
| KerberosSPN | Identifies the service principal name (SPN) for the Kerberos Domain Controller. |
| KerberosUser | Confirms the principal name for the Kerberos Domain Controller, which uses the format host/user@realm. |
| KerberosKeytabFile | Identifies the Keytab file containing your pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys. |
| KerberosServiceRealm | Identifies the service's Kerberos realm. (Cross-realm authentication only). |
| KerberosServiceKDC | Identifies the service's Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC). |
| KerberosTicketCache | Specifies the full file path to an MIT Kerberos credential cache file. |
| Property | Description |
| SSLClientCert | Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection. |
| SSLClientCertType | Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source. |
| SSLClientCertPassword | Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access. |
| SSLClientCertSubject | Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store. |
| SSLServerCert | Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL. |
| Property | Description |
| SSHAuthMode | The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service. |
| SSHClientCert | A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser. |
| SSHClientCertPassword | The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one. |
| SSHClientCertSubject | The subject of the SSH client certificate. |
| SSHClientCertType | The type of SSHClientCert private key. |
| SSHServer | The SSH server. |
| SSHPort | The SSH port. |
| SSHUser | The SSH user. |
| SSHPassword | The SSH password. |
| SSHServerFingerprint | The SSH server fingerprint. |
| UseSSH | Whether to tunnel the SQL Server connection over SSH. Use SSH. |
| Property | Description |
| FirewallType | Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallServer | Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources. |
| FirewallPort | Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallUser | Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallPassword | Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall. |
| Property | Description |
| ProxyAutoDetect | Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server. |
| ProxyServer | Identifies the hostname or IP address of the proxy server through which you want to route HTTP traffic. |
| ProxyPort | Identifies the TCP port on your specified proxy server that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client. |
| ProxyAuthScheme | Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyUser | Provides the username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyPassword | Specifies the password of the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property. |
| ProxySSLType | Specifies the SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyExceptions | Specifies a semicolon-separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| Property | Description |
| LogModules | Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged. |
| Property | Description |
| Location | Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path. |
| BrowsableSchemas | Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC . |
| Tables | Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC . |
| Views | Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC . |
| Property | Description |
| ApplicationIntent | Specifies whether the application intends to access a read-only or read-write version of an availability group database. |
| ApplicationName | Specifies the name of the client application connecting to SQL Server. |
| IncludeSystemSchemas | Specifies whether to include system schemas such as guest, sys, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and schemas prefixed with db_ during schema discovery. |
| IncludeTableTypes | Specifies whether to query SQL Server for the object types of individual tables and views. |
| MaxRows | Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY. |
| MultiSubnetFailover | Enable the MultiSubnetFailover property to resolve the AG Listener’s DNS name when connecting to a multi-subnet Always On availability group. |
| Other | Specifies advanced connection properties for specialized scenarios. Use this property only under the guidance of our Support team to address specific issues. |
| QueryPassthrough | This option passes the query to the SQL Server server as is. |
| Timeout | Specifies the number of seconds the provider waits before timing out an operation. |
This section provides a complete list of the Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| AuthScheme | Specifies the scheme used to authenticate the connection to SQL Server. |
| Server | Specifies the name or network address of the SQL Server instance to connect to. |
| Port | Specifies the network port used to connect to the SQL Server instance. |
| Database | Specifies the name of the SQL Server database to connect to. |
| User | Specifies the authenticating user's user ID. |
| Password | Specifies the authenticating user's password. |
| Domain | Specifies the Windows domain used for NTLM authentication. |
| NTLMVersion | Specifies the version of the NTLM protocol to use for Windows authentication. |
| Encrypt | Specifies whether to enable TLS/SSL encryption for the connection to SQL Server. |
| DNSServer | Specify the DNS server to resolve the AG Listener’s IP address list. |
Specifies the scheme used to authenticate the connection to SQL Server.
This property determines how the driver authenticates with SQL Server. It must be used in combination with the User and Password properties, except when using methods that rely on identity-based authentication, such as AzureMSI.
Authentication schemes control which credentials or tokens are expected and how they're validated by the server.
The following values are supported:
Some authentication schemes, such as AzureMSI or AzureServicePrincipalCert, may require additional properties (such as OAuthClientId and OAuthClientSecret). See individual property descriptions for details.
Specifies the name or network address of the SQL Server instance to connect to.
This property identifies the location of the SQL Server you want to connect to. You can provide a hostname, IP address, or fully qualified domain name (FQDN). If connecting to a named instance, you can use the server\instance format. For example: sqlhost\sqlexpress.
If the server is hosted in the cloud or behind a load balancer, use the appropriate address or endpoint provided by your database administrator or hosting provider.
If connecting to a local instance, you can use localhost, 127.0.0.1, or . (dot). If you're unsure of the server name, you can find it in SQL Server Management Studio under the Connect to Server dialog.
Specifies the network port used to connect to the SQL Server instance.
This property identifies the TCP port that the SQL Server instance is listening on. The default SQL Server port is 1433, which is used in most standard installations.
If your SQL Server is configured to use a non-default port (for example, in a custom or cloud-hosted setup), you must set this property to the appropriate value. The Port must match the configuration of the Server and Database properties to successfully establish a connection.
Note: If the server is configured for dynamic ports, you may need to obtain the correct port number from your database administrator or SQL Server Configuration Manager.
Specifies the name of the SQL Server database to connect to.
This property defines the specific SQL Server database the Sync App should connect to on the target server. SQL Server instances can host multiple databases, and specifying the correct one is required to access the intended data.
The database must exist on the SQL Server instance specified in the Server property. If this property is not set, the connection may fail or default to a system database such as master, depending on server settings and permissions.
This property is useful for targeting the appropriate database in multi-database environments.
Use myDatabaseName in your connection string to connect to a specific database.
Note: Make sure the user credentials supplied have the appropriate permissions to access the specified database.
Specifies the authenticating user's user ID.
The authenticating server requires both User and Password to validate the user's identity.
Specifies the authenticating user's password.
The authenticating server requires both User and Password to validate the user's identity.
Specifies the Windows domain used for NTLM authentication.
This property is used when authenticating to SQL Server with NTLM (Windows) authentication. It specifies the domain name associated with the user account.
In NTLM authentication, a domain is a logical grouping of computers and user accounts managed under the same Windows security policies. This property helps the provider validate credentials in the correct domain context.
This property is useful when connecting to a SQL Server instance that requires Windows domain credentials.
If left blank, the Sync App may attempt to authenticate using the local machine domain.
Note: This property is only applicable when AuthScheme is set to NTLM. It is not used with other authentication methods such as Password, Kerberos, or AzureAD.
Specifies the version of the NTLM protocol to use for Windows authentication.
This property determines which version of the NTLM (NT LAN Manager) protocol is used when AuthScheme is set to NTLM. NTLM is a Microsoft authentication protocol commonly used for domain-based and Windows Integrated Security scenarios.
Accepted values:
NTLMv2 offers stronger encryption and improved security features. However, some legacy systems may only support NTLMv1.
This property is useful when connecting to environments with specific security requirements or compatibility constraints.
Set NTLMVersion=2 to enable more secure authentication, unless you're working with a system that explicitly requires NTLMv1.
This property is only applicable when AuthScheme is set to NTLM. Ensure the SQL Server and network infrastructure support the selected version of NTLM.
Specifies whether to enable TLS/SSL encryption for the connection to SQL Server.
This property controls whether the provider uses TLS/SSL encryption when establishing a connection with SQL Server. Encryption protects data in transit and helps meet compliance or security requirements.
Accepted values:
If encryption is enabled and you need to specify a custom trusted certificate, use the SSLServerCert property.
This property is useful for securing database traffic between the client and SQL Server.
Specify the DNS server to resolve the AG Listener’s IP address list.
Specify the DNS server to resolve the AG Listener’s IP address list.
This section provides a complete list of the Bulk properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| BatchMode | Specifies the mode used for executing batch operations when inserting data into SQL Server. |
Specifies the mode used for executing batch operations when inserting data into SQL Server.
This property controls how the Sync App performs bulk inserts into SQL Server.
It supports two modes:
The BCP mode is limited to inserting data and does not support updates or deletes. Additionally, some environments may have firewall or network rules that restrict the lower-level communication BCP requires.
This property is useful for controlling the performance and behavior of bulk data operations. Use BCP when performance is critical and only insert operations are needed. Use STANDARD for broader SQL support, including updates and deletes.
BCP mode may require additional server configuration to allow TCP-level bulk transfers. Ensure that firewall settings and SQL Server permissions support BCP access if you choose this mode.
This section provides a complete list of the Azure Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| AzureTenant | Identifies the SQL Server tenant being used to access data. Accepts either the tenant's domain name (for example, contoso.onmicrosoft.com ) or its directory (tenant) ID. |
| AzureEnvironment | Specifies the Azure network environment to which you will connect. Must be the same network to which your Azure account was added. |
Identifies the SQL Server tenant being used to access data. Accepts either the tenant's domain name (for example, contoso.onmicrosoft.com ) or its directory (tenant) ID.
A tenant is a digital container for your organization's users and resources, managed through Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD). Each tenant is associated with a unique directory ID, and often with a custom domain (for example, microsoft.com or contoso.onmicrosoft.com).
To find the directory (tenant) ID in the Microsoft Entra Admin Center, navigate to Microsoft Entra ID > Properties and copy the value labeled "Directory (tenant) ID".
This property is required in the following cases:
You can provide the tenant value in one of two formats:
Specifying the tenant explicitly ensures that the authentication request is routed to the correct directory, which is especially important when a user belongs to multiple tenants or when using service principal–based authentication.
If this value is omitted when required, authentication may fail or connect to the wrong tenant. This can result in errors such as unauthorized or resource not found.
Specifies the Azure network environment to which you will connect. Must be the same network to which your Azure account was added.
Required if your Azure account is part of a different network than the Global network, such as China, USGOVT, or USGOVTDOD.
This section provides a complete list of the OAuth properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| OAuthClientId | Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication. |
| OAuthClientSecret | Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.). |
| Scope | Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application, to ensure they get appropriate access to data. If a custom OAuth application is needed, this is generally specified at the time the application is created. |
Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication.
This property is required in two cases:
(When the driver provides embedded OAuth credentials, this value may already be provided by the Sync App and thus not require manual entry.)
OAuthClientId is generally used alongside other OAuth-related properties such as OAuthClientSecret and OAuthSettingsLocation when configuring an authenticated connection.
OAuthClientId is one of the key connection parameters that need to be set before users can authenticate via OAuth. You can usually find this value in your identity provider’s application registration settings. Look for a field labeled Client ID, Application ID, or Consumer Key.
While the client ID is not considered a confidential value like a client secret, it is still part of your application's identity and should be handled carefully. Avoid exposing it in public repositories or shared configuration files.
For more information on how this property is used when configuring a connection, see Establishing a Connection.
Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.).
This property (sometimes called the application secret or consumer secret) is required when using a custom OAuth application in any flow that requires secure client authentication, such as web-based OAuth, service-based connections, or certificate-based authorization flows. It is not required when using an embedded OAuth application.
The client secret is used during the token exchange step of the OAuth flow, when the driver requests an access token from the authorization server. If this value is missing or incorrect, authentication fails with either an invalid_client or an unauthorized_client error.
OAuthClientSecret is one of the key connection parameters that need to be set before users can authenticate via OAuth. You can obtain this value from your identity provider when registering the OAuth application.
Notes:
For more information on how this property is used when configuring a connection, see Establishing a Connection
Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application, to ensure they get appropriate access to data. If a custom OAuth application is needed, this is generally specified at the time the application is created.
Scopes are set to define what kind of access the authenticating user will have; for example, read, read and write, restricted access to sensitive information. System administrators can use scopes to selectively enable access by functionality or security clearance.
When InitiateOAuth is set to GETANDREFRESH, you must use this property if you want to change which scopes are requested.
When InitiateOAuth is set to either REFRESH or OFF, you can change which scopes are requested using either this property or the Scope input.
This section provides a complete list of the JWT OAuth properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| OAuthJWTCert | Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store. |
| OAuthJWTCertType | Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate. |
| OAuthJWTCertPassword | Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank. |
| OAuthJWTCertSubject | Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate. |
Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store.
The OAuthJWTCertType field specifies the type of the certificate store specified in OAuthJWTCert. If the store is password-protected, use OAuthJWTCertPassword to supply the password..
OAuthJWTCert is used in conjunction with the OAuthJWTCertSubject field in order to specify client certificates. If OAuthJWTCert has a value, and OAuthJWTCertSubject is set, the CData Sync App initiates a search for a certificate. For further information, see OAuthJWTCertSubject.
Designations of certificate stores are platform-dependent.
Notes
Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate.
| Value | Description | Notes |
| USER | A certificate store owned by the current user. | Only available in Windows. |
| MACHINE | A machine store. | Not available in Java or other non-Windows environments. |
| PFXFILE | A PFX (PKCS12) file containing certificates. | |
| PFXBLOB | A string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in PFX (PKCS12) format. | |
| JKSFILE | A Java key store (JKS) file containing certificates. | Only available in Java. |
| JKSBLOB | A string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in Java key store (JKS) format. | Only available in Java. |
| PEMKEY_FILE | A PEM-encoded file that contains a private key and an optional certificate. | |
| PEMKEY_BLOB | A string (base64-encoded) that contains a private key and an optional certificate. | |
| PUBLIC_KEY_FILE | A file that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate. | |
| PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB | A string (base-64-encoded) that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate. | |
| SSHPUBLIC_KEY_FILE | A file that contains an SSH-style public key. | |
| SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB | A string (base-64-encoded) that contains an SSH-style public key. | |
| P7BFILE | A PKCS7 file containing certificates. | |
| PPKFILE | A file that contains a PPK (PuTTY Private Key). | |
| XMLFILE | A file that contains a certificate in XML format. | |
| XMLBLOB | Astring that contains a certificate in XML format. | |
| BCFKSFILE | A file that contains an Bouncy Castle keystore. | |
| BCFKSBLOB | A string (base-64-encoded) that contains a Bouncy Castle keystore. |
Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank.
This property specifies the password needed to open a password-protected certificate store. To determine if a password is necessary, refer to the documentation or configuration for your specific certificate store.
Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate.
The value of this property is used to locate a matching certificate in the store. The search process works as follows:
You can set the value to '*' to automatically select the first certificate in the store. The certificate subject is a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For example: CN=www.server.com, OU=test, C=US, [email protected].
Common fields include:
| Field | Meaning |
| CN | Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com. |
| O | Organization |
| OU | Organizational Unit |
| L | Locality |
| S | State |
| C | Country |
| E | Email Address |
If a field value contains a comma, enclose it in quotes. For example: "O=ACME, Inc.".
This section provides a complete list of the Kerberos properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| KerberosKDC | Identifies the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service used to authenticate the user. (SPNEGO or Windows authentication only). |
| KerberosRealm | Identifies the Kerberos Realm used to authenticate the user. |
| KerberosSPN | Identifies the service principal name (SPN) for the Kerberos Domain Controller. |
| KerberosUser | Confirms the principal name for the Kerberos Domain Controller, which uses the format host/user@realm. |
| KerberosKeytabFile | Identifies the Keytab file containing your pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys. |
| KerberosServiceRealm | Identifies the service's Kerberos realm. (Cross-realm authentication only). |
| KerberosServiceKDC | Identifies the service's Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC). |
| KerberosTicketCache | Specifies the full file path to an MIT Kerberos credential cache file. |
Identifies the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service used to authenticate the user. (SPNEGO or Windows authentication only).
The Kerberos properties are used when using SPNEGO or Windows Authentication. The Sync App requests session tickets and temporary session keys from the Kerberos KDC service, which is usually co-located with the domain controller.
If KerberosKDC is not specified, the Sync App tries to detect these properties automatically from the following locations:
Identifies the Kerberos Realm used to authenticate the user.
A realm is a logical network, similar to a domain, that defines a group of systems under the same master KDC. Some realms are hierarchical, where one realm is a superset of the other realm, but usually realms are nonhierarchical (or “direct”) and the mapping between the two realms must be defined. Kerberos cross-realm authentication enables authentication across realms. Each realm only needs to have a principal entry for the other realm in its KDC.
The Kerberos properties are used when using SPNEGO or Windows Authentication. The Sync App requests session tickets and temporary session keys from the Kerberos KDC service, which is usually co-located with the domain controller. The Kerberos Realm can be configured by an administrator to be any string, but it is usually based on the domain name.
If Kerberos Realm is not specified, the Sync App will attempt to detect these properties automatically from the following locations:
Identifies the service principal name (SPN) for the Kerberos Domain Controller.
If the SPN on the Kerberos Domain Controller is not the same as the URL that you are authenticating to, use this property to set the SPN to the KDC's URL.
Confirms the principal name for the Kerberos Domain Controller, which uses the format host/user@realm.
If there is a Kerberos principal, that Kerberos principal name should always be used to authenticate to the database.
Identifies the Keytab file containing your pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys.
A keytab (short for “key table”) stores long-term keys for one or more principals. In most cases, end users authenticate to the KDC using their client secret (password). However, in situations where authentication or re-authentication happen using automated scripts and applications, it may be more efficient to use a keytab, which sends passwords to the KDC in encrypted form, automatically.
Keytabs are normally represented by files in a standard format, and named using the format type:value. Usually type is FILE and value is the absolute pathname of the file. The other possible value for type is MEMORY, which indicates a temporary keytab stored in the memory of the current process.
A keytab contains one or more entries, where each entry consists of a timestamp (indicating when the entry was written to the keytab), a principal name, a key version number, an encryption type, and the encryption key itself. They can be generated using kutil.
For example:
[admin@myhost]# ktutil ktutil: addent -password -p starlord/[email protected] -k 1 -e aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 Password for starlord/myhost.galaxy.com: ktutil: addent -password -p starlord/[email protected] -k 1 -e aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96 Password for starlord/myhost.galaxy.com: ktutil: addent -password -p starlord/[email protected] -k 1 -e des3-cbc-sha1 Password for starlord/myhost.galaxy.com: ktutil: wkt /path/to/starlord.keytab
Note: You must create principals for all authentication methods (encryption types) you want to support.
To display a keytab, use klist -k.
Identifies the service's Kerberos realm. (Cross-realm authentication only).
The KerberosServiceRealm is used to specify a service's KerberosRealm when using cross-realm Kerberos authentication.
In most cases, a single realm and KDC machine are used to perform the Kerberos authentication, which means that this property would not be required. However, the property is available for complex setups where a different realm and KDC machine are used to obtain an authentication ticket (AS request) and a service ticket (TGS request).
Identifies the service's Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).
The KerberosServiceKDC is used to specify the service Kerberos KDC when using cross-realm Kerberos authentication.
In most cases, a single realm and KDC machine are used to perform the Kerberos authentication, which means that this property would not be required. However, the property is available for complex setups where a different realm and KDC machine are used to obtain an authentication ticket (AS request) and a service ticket (TGS request).
Specifies the full file path to an MIT Kerberos credential cache file.
Set this property if you want to use a credential cache file that was created using the MIT Kerberos Ticket Manager or kinit command.
This section provides a complete list of the SSL properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| SSLClientCert | Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection. |
| SSLClientCertType | Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source. |
| SSLClientCertPassword | Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access. |
| SSLClientCertSubject | Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store. |
| SSLServerCert | Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL. |
Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.
This property specifies the client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication. Use this property alongside SSLClientCertType, which defines the type of the certificate store, and SSLClientCertPassword, which specifies the password for password-protected stores. When SSLClientCert is set and SSLClientCertSubject is configured, the driver searches for a certificate matching the specified subject.
Certificate store designations vary by platform. On Windows, certificate stores are identified by names such as MY (personal certificates), while in Java, the certificate store is typically a file containing certificates and optional private keys.
The following are designations of the most common User and Machine certificate stores in Windows:
| MY | A certificate store holding personal certificates with their associated private keys. |
| CA | Certifying authority certificates. |
| ROOT | Root certificates. |
| SPC | Software publisher certificates. |
For PFXFile types, set this property to the filename. For PFXBlob types, set this property to the binary contents of the file in PKCS12 format.
Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.
This property determines the format and location of the key store used to provide the client certificate. Supported values include platform-specific and universal key store formats. The available values and their usage are:
| USER - default | For Windows, this specifies that the certificate store is a certificate store owned by the current user. Note that this store type is not available in Java. |
| MACHINE | For Windows, this specifies that the certificate store is a machine store. Note that this store type is not available in Java. |
| PFXFILE | The certificate store is the name of a PFX (PKCS12) file containing certificates. |
| PFXBLOB | The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in PFX (PKCS12) format. |
| JKSFILE | The certificate store is the name of a Java key store (JKS) file containing certificates. Note that this store type is only available in Java. |
| JKSBLOB | The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in JKS format. Note that this store type is only available in Java. |
| PEMKEY_FILE | The certificate store is the name of a PEM-encoded file that contains a private key and an optional certificate. |
| PEMKEY_BLOB | The certificate store is a string (base64-encoded) that contains a private key and an optional certificate. |
| PUBLIC_KEY_FILE | The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate. |
| PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB | The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate. |
| SSHPUBLIC_KEY_FILE | The certificate store is the name of a file that contains an SSH-style public key. |
| SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB | The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains an SSH-style public key. |
| P7BFILE | The certificate store is the name of a PKCS7 file containing certificates. |
| PPKFILE | The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PuTTY Private Key (PPK). |
| XMLFILE | The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a certificate in XML format. |
| XMLBLOB | The certificate store is a string that contains a certificate in XML format. |
| BCFKSFILE | The certificate store is the name of a file that contains an Bouncy Castle keystore. |
| BCFKSBLOB | The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains a Bouncy Castle keystore. |
Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.
This property provides the password needed to open a password-protected certificate store. This property is necessary when using certificate stores that require a password for decryption, as is often recommended for PFX or JKS type stores.
If the certificate store type does not require a password, for example USER or MACHINE on Windows, this property can be left blank. Ensure that the password matches the one associated with the specified certificate store to avoid authentication errors.
Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.
This property determines which client certificate to load based on its subject. The Sync App searches for a certificate that exactly matches the specified subject. If no exact match is found, the Sync App looks for certificates containing the value of the subject. If no match is found, no certificate is selected.
The subject should follow the standard format of a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For example, CN=www.server.com, OU=Test, C=US. Common fields include the following:
| Field | Meaning |
| CN | Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com. |
| O | Organization |
| OU | Organizational Unit |
| L | Locality |
| S | State |
| C | Country |
| E | Email Address |
Note: If any field contains special characters, such as commas, the value must be quoted. For example: CN="Example, Inc.", C=US.
Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.
If you are using a TLS/SSL connection, use this property to specify the TLS/SSL certificate to be accepted from the server. If you specify a value for this property, all other certificates that are not trusted by the machine are rejected.
This property can take the following forms:
| Description | Example |
| A full PEM Certificate (example shortened for brevity) | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIChTCCAe4CAQAwDQYJKoZIhv......Qw== -----END CERTIFICATE----- |
| A path to a local file containing the certificate | C:\cert.cer |
| The public key (example shortened for brevity) | -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSq......AQAB -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY----- |
| The MD5 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated) | ecadbdda5a1529c58a1e9e09828d70e4 |
| The SHA1 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated) | 34a929226ae0819f2ec14b4a3d904f801cbb150d |
Note: It is possible to use '*' to signify that all certificates should be accepted, but due to security concerns this is not recommended.
This section provides a complete list of the SSH properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| SSHAuthMode | The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service. |
| SSHClientCert | A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser. |
| SSHClientCertPassword | The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one. |
| SSHClientCertSubject | The subject of the SSH client certificate. |
| SSHClientCertType | The type of SSHClientCert private key. |
| SSHServer | The SSH server. |
| SSHPort | The SSH port. |
| SSHUser | The SSH user. |
| SSHPassword | The SSH password. |
| SSHServerFingerprint | The SSH server fingerprint. |
| UseSSH | Whether to tunnel the SQL Server connection over SSH. Use SSH. |
The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service.
A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser.
SSHClientCert must contain a valid private key in order to use public key authentication. A public key is optional, if one is not included then the Sync App generates it from the private key. The Sync App sends the public key to the server and the connection is allowed if the user has authorized the public key.
The SSHClientCertType field specifies the type of the key store specified by SSHClientCert. If the store is password protected, specify the password in SSHClientCertPassword.
Some types of key stores are containers which may include multiple keys. By default the Sync App will select the first key in the store, but you can specify a specific key using SSHClientCertSubject.
The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one.
This property is required for SSH tunneling when using certificate-based authentication. If the SSH certificate is in a password-protected key store, provide the password using this property to access the certificate.
The subject of the SSH client certificate.
When loading a certificate the subject is used to locate the certificate in the store.
If an exact match is not found, the store is searched for subjects containing the value of the property.
If a match is still not found, the property is set to an empty string, and no certificate is selected.
The special value "*" picks the first certificate in the certificate store.
The certificate subject is a comma separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For instance "CN=www.server.com, OU=test, C=US, [email protected]". Common fields and their meanings are displayed below.
| Field | Meaning |
| CN | Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com. |
| O | Organization |
| OU | Organizational Unit |
| L | Locality |
| S | State |
| C | Country |
| E | Email Address |
If a field value contains a comma it must be quoted.
The type of SSHClientCert private key.
This property can take one of the following values:
| Types | Description | Allowed Blob Values |
| MACHINE/USER | Blob values are not supported. | |
| JKSFILE/JKSBLOB | base64-only | |
| PFXFILE/PFXBLOB | A PKCS12-format (.pfx) file. Must contain both a certificate and a private key. | base64-only |
| PEMKEY_FILE/PEMKEY_BLOB | A PEM-format file. Must contain an RSA, DSA, or OPENSSH private key. Can optionally contain a certificate matching the private key. | base64 or plain text. |
| PPKFILE/PPKBLOB | A PuTTY-format private key created using the puttygen tool. | base64-only |
| XMLFILE/XMLBLOB | An XML key in the format generated by the .NET RSA class: RSA.ToXmlString(true). | base64 or plain text. |
The SSH server.
The SSH server.
The SSH port.
The SSH port.
The SSH user.
The SSH user.
The SSH password.
The SSH password.
The SSH server fingerprint.
The SSH server fingerprint.
Whether to tunnel the SQL Server connection over SSH. Use SSH.
By default the Sync App will attempt to connect directly to SQL Server. When this option is enabled, the Sync App will instead establish an SSH connection with the SSHServer and tunnel the connection to SQL Server through it.
This section provides a complete list of the Firewall properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| FirewallType | Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallServer | Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources. |
| FirewallPort | Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallUser | Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallPassword | Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall. |
Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall.
A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.
Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.
Note: By default, the Sync App connects to the system proxy. To disable this behavior and connect to one of the following proxy types, set ProxyAutoDetect to false.
The following table provides port number information for each of the supported protocols.
| Protocol | Default Port | Description |
| TUNNEL | 80 | The port where the Sync App opens a connection to SQL Server. Traffic flows back and forth via the proxy at this location. |
| SOCKS4 | 1080 | The port where the Sync App opens a connection to SQL Server. SOCKS 4 then passes theFirewallUser value to the proxy, which determines whether the connection request should be granted. |
| SOCKS5 | 1080 | The port where the Sync App sends data to SQL Server. If the SOCKS 5 proxy requires authentication, set FirewallUser and FirewallPassword to credentials the proxy recognizes. |
To connect to HTTP proxies, use ProxyServer and ProxyPort. To authenticate to HTTP proxies, use ProxyAuthScheme, ProxyUser, and ProxyPassword.
Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources.
A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.
Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.
Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall.
A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.
Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.
Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.
A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.
Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.
Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.
A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.
Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.
This section provides a complete list of the Proxy properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| ProxyAutoDetect | Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server. |
| ProxyServer | Identifies the hostname or IP address of the proxy server through which you want to route HTTP traffic. |
| ProxyPort | Identifies the TCP port on your specified proxy server that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client. |
| ProxyAuthScheme | Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyUser | Provides the username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyPassword | Specifies the password of the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property. |
| ProxySSLType | Specifies the SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyExceptions | Specifies a semicolon-separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property. |
Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server.
When this connection property is set to True, the Sync App checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations (no need to manually supply proxy server details).
This connection property takes precedence over other proxy settings. If you want to configure the Sync App to connect to a specific proxy server, set ProxyAutoDetect to False.
To connect to an HTTP proxy, see ProxyServer. For other proxies, such as SOCKS or tunneling, see FirewallType.
Identifies the hostname or IP address of the proxy server through which you want to route HTTP traffic.
The Sync App only routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server specified in this connection property when ProxyAutoDetect is set to False.
If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True (the default), the Sync App instead routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server specified in your system proxy settings.
Identifies the TCP port on your specified proxy server that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client.
The Sync App only routes HTTP traffic through the ProxyServer port specified in this connection property when ProxyAutoDetect is set to False.
If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True (the default), the Sync App instead routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server port specified in your system proxy settings.
For other proxy types, see FirewallType.
Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
Supported authentication types :
For all values other than NONE, you must also set the ProxyUser and ProxyPassword connection properties.
If you need to use another authentication type, such as SOCKS 5 authentication, see FirewallType.
Provides the username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
The ProxyUser and ProxyPassword connection properties are used to connect and authenticate against the HTTP proxy specified in ProxyServer.
After selecting one of the available authentication types in ProxyAuthScheme, set this property as follows:
| ProxyAuthScheme Value | Value to set for ProxyUser |
| BASIC | The username of a user registered with the proxy server. |
| DIGEST | The username of a user registered with the proxy server. |
| NEGOTIATE | The username of a Windows user who is a valid user in the domain or trusted domain that the proxy server is part of, in the format user@domain or domain\user. |
| NTLM | The username of a Windows user who is a valid user in the domain or trusted domain that the proxy server is part of, in the format user@domain or domain\user. |
| NONE | Do not set the ProxyPassword connection property. |
Note: The Sync App only uses this username if ProxyAutoDetect is set to False. If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True (the default), the Sync App instead uses the username specified in your system proxy settings.
Specifies the password of the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property.
The ProxyUser and ProxyPassword connection properties are used to connect and authenticate against the HTTP proxy specified in ProxyServer.
After selecting one of the available authentication types in ProxyAuthScheme, set this property as follows:
| ProxyAuthScheme Value | Value to set for ProxyPassword |
| BASIC | The password associated with the proxy server user specified in ProxyUser. |
| DIGEST | The password associated with the proxy server user specified in ProxyUser. |
| NEGOTIATE | The password associated with the Windows user account specified in ProxyUser. |
| NTLM | The password associated with the Windows user account specified in ProxyUser. |
| NONE | Do not set the ProxyPassword connection property. |
For SOCKS 5 authentication or tunneling, see FirewallType.
Note: The Sync App only uses this password if ProxyAutoDetect is set to False. If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True (the default), the Sync App instead uses the password specified in your system proxy settings.
Specifies the SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
This property determines when to use SSL for the connection to the HTTP proxy specified by ProxyServer. You can set this connection property to the following values :
| AUTO | Default setting. If ProxyServer is set to an HTTPS URL, the Sync App uses the TUNNEL option. If ProxyServer is set to an HTTP URL, the component uses the NEVER option. |
| ALWAYS | The connection is always SSL enabled. |
| NEVER | The connection is not SSL enabled. |
| TUNNEL | The connection is made through a tunneling proxy. The proxy server opens a connection to the remote host and traffic flows back and forth through the proxy. |
Specifies a semicolon-separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property.
The ProxyServer is used for all addresses, except for addresses defined in this property. Use semicolons to separate entries.
Note: The Sync App uses the system proxy settings by default, without further configuration needed. If you want to explicitly configure proxy exceptions for this connection, set ProxyAutoDetect to False.
This section provides a complete list of the Logging properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| LogModules | Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged. |
Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged.
The Sync App writes details about each operation it performs into the logfile specified by the Logfile connection property.
Each of these logged operations are assigned to a themed category called a module, and each module has a corresponding short code used to labels individual Sync App operations as belonging to that module.
When this connection property is set to a semicolon-separated list of module codes, only operations belonging to the specified modules are written to the logfile. Note that this only affects which operations are logged moving forward and doesn't retroactively alter the existing contents of the logfile. For example: INFO;EXEC;SSL;META;
By default, logged operations from all modules are included.
You can explicitly exclude a module by prefixing it with a "-". For example: -HTTP
To apply filters to submodules, identify them with the syntax <module name>.<submodule name>. For example, the following value causes the Sync App to only log actions belonging to the HTTP module, and further refines it to exclude actions belonging to the Res submodule of the HTTP module: HTTP;-HTTP.Res
Note that the logfile filtering triggered by the Verbosity connection property takes precedence over the filtering imposed by this connection property. This means that operations of a higher verbosity level than the level specified in the Verbosity connection property are not printed in the logfile, even if they belong to one of the modules specified in this connection property.
The available modules and submodules are:
| Module Name | Module Description | Submodules |
| INFO | General Information. Includes the connection string, product version (build number), and initial connection messages. |
|
| EXEC | Query Execution. Includes execution messages for user-written SQL queries, parsed SQL queries, and normalized SQL queries. Success/failure messages for queries and query pages appear here as well. |
|
| HTTP | HTTP protocol messages. Includes HTTP requests/responses (including POST messages), as well as Kerberos related messages. |
|
| WSDL | Messages pertaining to the generation of WSDL/XSD files. | — |
| SSL | SSL certificate messages. |
|
| AUTH | Authentication related failure/success messages. |
|
| SQL | Includes SQL transactions, SQL bulk transfer messages, and SQL result set messages. |
|
| META | Metadata cache and schema messages. |
|
| FUNC | Information related to executing SQL functions. |
|
| TCP | Incoming and outgoing raw bytes on TCP transport layer messages. |
|
| FTP | Messages pertaining to the File Transfer Protocol. |
|
| SFTP | Messages pertaining to the Secure File Transfer Protocol. |
|
| POP | Messages pertaining to data transferred via the Post Office Protocol. |
|
| SMTP | Messages pertaining to data transferred via the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. |
|
| CORE | Messages relating to various internal product operations not covered by other modules. | — |
| DEMN | Messages related to SQL remoting. | — |
| CLJB | Messages about bulk data uploads (cloud job). |
|
| SRCE | Miscellaneous messages produced by the product that don't belong in any other module. | — |
| TRANCE | Advanced messages concerning low-level product operations. | — |
This section provides a complete list of the Schema properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| Location | Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path. |
| BrowsableSchemas | Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC . |
| Tables | Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC . |
| Views | Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC . |
Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path.
The Location property is only needed if you want to either customize definitions (for example, change a column name, ignore a column, etc.) or extend the data model with new tables, views, or stored procedures.
If left unspecified, the default location is %APPDATA%\\CData\\SQL Data Provider\\Schema, where %APPDATA% is set to the user's configuration directory:
| Platform | %APPDATA% |
| Windows | The value of the APPDATA environment variable |
| Linux | ~/.config |
Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
Listing all available database schemas can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of schemas in the connection string saves time and improves performance.
Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC .
Listing all available tables from some databases can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of tables in the connection string saves time and improves performance.
If there are lots of tables available and you already know which ones you want to work with, you can use this property to restrict your viewing to only those tables. To do this, specify the tables you want in a comma-separated list. Each table should be a valid SQL identifier with any special characters escaped using square brackets, double-quotes or backticks. For example, Tables=TableA,[TableB/WithSlash],WithCatalog.WithSchema.`TableC With Space`.
Note: If you are connecting to a data source with multiple schemas or catalogs, you must specify each table you want to view by its fully qualified name. This avoids ambiguity between tables that may exist in multiple catalogs or schemas.
Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC .
Listing all available views from some databases can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of views in the connection string saves time and improves performance.
If there are lots of views available and you already know which ones you want to work with, you can use this property to restrict your viewing to only those views. To do this, specify the views you want in a comma-separated list. Each view should be a valid SQL identifier with any special characters escaped using square brackets, double-quotes or backticks. For example, Views=ViewA,[ViewB/WithSlash],WithCatalog.WithSchema.`ViewC With Space`.
Note: If you are connecting to a data source with multiple schemas or catalogs, you must specify each view you want to examine by its fully qualified name. This avoids ambiguity between views that may exist in multiple catalogs or schemas.
This section provides a complete list of the Miscellaneous properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.
| Property | Description |
| ApplicationIntent | Specifies whether the application intends to access a read-only or read-write version of an availability group database. |
| ApplicationName | Specifies the name of the client application connecting to SQL Server. |
| IncludeSystemSchemas | Specifies whether to include system schemas such as guest, sys, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and schemas prefixed with db_ during schema discovery. |
| IncludeTableTypes | Specifies whether to query SQL Server for the object types of individual tables and views. |
| MaxRows | Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY. |
| MultiSubnetFailover | Enable the MultiSubnetFailover property to resolve the AG Listener’s DNS name when connecting to a multi-subnet Always On availability group. |
| Other | Specifies advanced connection properties for specialized scenarios. Use this property only under the guidance of our Support team to address specific issues. |
| QueryPassthrough | This option passes the query to the SQL Server server as is. |
| Timeout | Specifies the number of seconds the provider waits before timing out an operation. |
Specifies whether the application intends to access a read-only or read-write version of an availability group database.
This property is used in high-availability SQL Server environments that use availability groups, a feature that maintains multiple copies of a database across different servers.
In an availability group:
When ApplicationIntent is set to ReadOnly, the SQL Server listener may route the connection to a read-only secondary replica, if one is available. This can reduce load on the primary server by handling queries that don’t need to update data. If the property is set to ReadWrite, the connection is directed to the primary replica.
This property is useful for improving performance and scalability in environments with high read traffic, especially when availability groups with read-only replicas are configured.
If the availability group is not configured for read-only routing, setting this property to ReadOnly may result in a failed connection. Always check with your database administrator or deployment configuration.
Specifies the name of the client application connecting to SQL Server.
This property sets the application name that is sent to the server as part of the connection metadata. On SQL Server, this value is typically visible in monitoring or logging tools and can be helpful for identifying, auditing, or troubleshooting specific application connections.
While this value is not strictly required for the connection, setting a unique application name is a good practice when multiple apps or services access the same database.
This property is useful for environments where SQL Server administrators monitor or analyze incoming connections, as it helps distinguish one application from another.
This value is also used as the User-Agent when HTTP-based communication is involved, such as through web proxies or gateways that inspect headers.
Specifies whether to include system schemas such as guest, sys, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and schemas prefixed with db_ during schema discovery.
When enabled, this property instructs the Sync App to query and expose system-defined schemas alongside user-defined schemas. System schemas typically contain metadata, built-in views, and internal database objects.
These schemas include:
Disabling this property can simplify the schema view by omitting internal structures that are not relevant for most data access scenarios.
This property is useful for controlling the visibility of internal SQL Server objects in environments where users only need to work with application data. Set this property to false to streamline metadata discovery or restrict what appears in tools like data explorers or schema browsers.
Specifies whether to query SQL Server for the object types of individual tables and views.
When enabled, the Sync App queries SQL Server to identify whether each object is a table or a view. This can help tools and applications distinguish between different object types during schema discovery.
When disabled, the Sync App skips this check which may improve metadata retrieval performance, but results in all objects being treated generically without specific type metadata.
This property is useful when an application needs to differentiate between tables and views, such as for filtering or organizing metadata. Set this property to false to potentially improve performance during schema discovery, especially in environments with many objects.
This setting affects only schema metadata and does not impact the ability to query or interact with the actual data.
Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
The default value for this property, -1, means that no row limit is enforced unless the query explicitly includes a LIMIT clause. (When a query includes a LIMIT clause, the value specified in the query takes precedence over the MaxRows setting.)
Setting MaxRows to a whole number greater than 0 ensures that queries do not return excessively large result sets by default.
This property is useful for optimizing performance and preventing excessive resource consumption when executing queries that could otherwise return very large datasets.
Enable the MultiSubnetFailover property to resolve the AG Listener’s DNS name when connecting to a multi-subnet Always On availability group.
Enable the MultiSubnetFailover property to resolve the AG Listener’s DNS name when connecting to a multi-subnet Always On availability group.
Specifies advanced connection properties for specialized scenarios. Use this property only under the guidance of our Support team to address specific issues.
This property allows advanced users to configure hidden properties for specialized situations, with the advice of our Support team. These settings are not required for normal use cases but can address unique requirements or provide additional functionality. To define multiple properties, use a semicolon-separated list.
Note: It is strongly recommended to set these properties only when advised by the Support team to address specific scenarios or issues.
| Property | Description |
| DefaultColumnSize | Sets the default length of string fields when the data source does not provide column length in the metadata. The default value is 2000. |
| ConvertDateTimeToGMT=True | Converts date-time values to GMT, instead of the local time of the machine. The default value is False (use local time). |
| RecordToFile=filename | Records the underlying socket data transfer to the specified file. |
This option passes the query to the SQL Server server as is.
When this is set, queries are passed through directly to SQL Server.
Specifies the number of seconds the provider waits before timing out an operation.
This property defines the maximum amount of time, in seconds, that the Sync App waits for a command to complete before raising a timeout error.
If Timeout is set to 0, operations do not time out. They continue running until they succeed or fail due to another error.
If Timeout is set to a positive integer, the Sync App cancels the operation and raises an error if it exceeds the specified duration.
Timeout applies to various operations such as executing queries, establishing connections, or reading data streams.
This property is useful for controlling long-running operations or setting safe execution limits in applications that require predictable behavior.
Note: Timeout behavior may vary depending on the command type like query or stored procedure, and network conditions. Always consider the typical response time of your database operations when configuring this value.
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