Connection String Options
The connection string properties are the various options that can be used to establish a connection. This section provides a complete list of the options you can configure in the connection string for this provider. Click the links for further details.
| Property | Description |
| AuthScheme | Specifies the scheme used to authenticate the connection to SQL Server. |
| Server | Specifies the name or network address of the SQL Server instance to connect to. |
| Port | Specifies the network port used to connect to the SQL Server instance. |
| Database | Specifies the name of the SQL Server database to connect to. |
| User | Specifies the authenticating user's user ID. |
| Password | Specifies the authenticating user's password. |
| Domain | Specifies the Windows domain used for NTLM authentication. |
| NTLMVersion | Specifies the version of the NTLM protocol to use for Windows authentication. |
| Encrypt | Specifies whether to enable TLS/SSL encryption for the connection to SQL Server. |
| Property | Description |
| BatchMode | Specifies the mode used for executing batch operations when inserting data into SQL Server. |
| Property | Description |
| AzureTenant | Identifies the SQL Server tenant being used to access data. Accepts either the tenant's domain name (for example, contoso.onmicrosoft.com ) or its directory (tenant) ID. |
| AzureEnvironment | Specifies the Azure network environment to which you will connect. Must be the same network to which your Azure account was added. |
| Property | Description |
| InitiateOAuth | Specifies the process for obtaining or refreshing the OAuth access token, which maintains user access while an authenticated, authorized user is working. |
| OAuthClientId | Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication. |
| OAuthClientSecret | Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.). |
| OAuthAccessToken | Specifies the OAuth access token used to authenticate requests to the data source. This token is issued by the authorization server after a successful OAuth exchange. |
| OAuthSettingsLocation | Specifies the location of the settings file where OAuth values are saved. |
| CallbackURL | Identifies the URL users return to after authenticating to SQL Server via OAuth (Custom OAuth applications only). |
| Scope | Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application, to ensure they get appropriate access to data. If a custom OAuth application is needed, this is generally specified at the time the application is created. |
| OAuthVerifier | Specifies a verifier code returned from the OAuthAuthorizationURL . Used when authenticating to OAuth on a headless server, where a browser can't be launched. Requires both OAuthSettingsLocation and OAuthVerifier to be set. |
| OAuthRefreshToken | Specifies the OAuth refresh token used to request a new access token after the original has expired. |
| OAuthExpiresIn | Specifies the duration in seconds, of an OAuth Access Token's lifetime. The token can be reissued to keep access alive as long as the user keeps working. |
| OAuthTokenTimestamp | Displays a Unix epoch timestamp in milliseconds that shows how long ago the current access token was created. |
| Property | Description |
| OAuthJWTCert | Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store. |
| OAuthJWTCertType | Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate. |
| OAuthJWTCertPassword | Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank. |
| OAuthJWTCertSubject | Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate. |
| Property | Description |
| KerberosKDC | Identifies the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service used to authenticate the user. (SPNEGO or Windows authentication only). |
| KerberosRealm | Identifies the Kerberos Realm used to authenticate the user. |
| KerberosSPN | Identifies the service principal name (SPN) for the Kerberos Domain Controller. |
| KerberosUser | Confirms the principal name for the Kerberos Domain Controller, which uses the format host/user@realm. |
| KerberosKeytabFile | Identifies the Keytab file containing your pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys. |
| KerberosServiceRealm | Identifies the service's Kerberos realm. (Cross-realm authentication only). |
| KerberosServiceKDC | Identifies the service's Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC). |
| KerberosTicketCache | Specifies the full file path to an MIT Kerberos credential cache file. |
| Property | Description |
| SSLClientCert | Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection. |
| SSLClientCertType | Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source. |
| SSLClientCertPassword | Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access. |
| SSLClientCertSubject | Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store. |
| SSLServerCert | Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL. |
| Property | Description |
| SSHAuthMode | The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service. |
| SSHClientCert | A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser. |
| SSHClientCertPassword | The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one. |
| SSHClientCertSubject | The subject of the SSH client certificate. |
| SSHClientCertType | The type of SSHClientCert private key. |
| SSHServer | The SSH server. |
| SSHPort | The SSH port. |
| SSHUser | The SSH user. |
| SSHPassword | The SSH password. |
| SSHServerFingerprint | The SSH server fingerprint. |
| UseSSH | Whether to tunnel the SQL Server connection over SSH. Use SSH. |
| Property | Description |
| FirewallType | Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallServer | Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources. |
| FirewallPort | Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallUser | Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall. |
| FirewallPassword | Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall. |
| Property | Description |
| ProxyAutoDetect | Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server. |
| ProxyServer | Identifies the hostname or IP address of the proxy server through which you want to route HTTP traffic. |
| ProxyPort | Identifies the TCP port on your specified proxy server that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client. |
| ProxyAuthScheme | Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyUser | Provides the username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyPassword | Specifies the password of the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property. |
| ProxySSLType | Specifies the SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| ProxyExceptions | Specifies a semicolon-separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property. |
| Property | Description |
| Logfile | Specifes the file path to the log file where the provider records its activities, such as authentication, query execution, and connection details. |
| Verbosity | Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5. |
| LogModules | Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged. |
| MaxLogFileSize | Specifies the maximum size of a single log file in bytes. For example, '10 MB'. When the file reaches the limit, the provider creates a new log file with the date and time appended to the name. |
| MaxLogFileCount | Specifies the maximum number of log files the provider retains. When the limit is reached, the oldest log file is deleted to make space for a new one. |
| Property | Description |
| Location | Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path. |
| BrowsableSchemas | Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC . |
| Tables | Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC . |
| Views | Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC . |
| Property | Description |
| AutoCache | Specifies whether the content of tables targeted by SELECT queries is automatically cached to the specified cache database. |
| CacheDriver | The driver class of a JDBC driver. The specified driver is used to connect to the target database for all caching operations. |
| CacheConnection | Specifies the connection string for the specified cache database. |
| CacheLocation | Specifies the path to the cache when caching to a file. |
| CacheTolerance | Notes the tolerance, in seconds, for stale data in the specified cache database. Requires AutoCache to be set to True. |
| Offline | Gets the data from the specified cache database instead of live SQL Server data. |
| CacheMetadata | Determines whether the provider caches table metadata to a file-based cache database. |
| Property | Description |
| ApplicationIntent | Specifies whether the application intends to access a read-only or read-write version of an availability group database. |
| ApplicationName | Specifies the name of the client application connecting to SQL Server. |
| BatchSize | Specifies the maximum number of rows included in each batch submitted during batch operations. To submit the entire batch as a single request, set BatchSize to 0 . |
| ConnectionLifeTime | Specifies the maximum lifetime of a connection in seconds. When the specified time elapses, the provider closes the connection. |
| ConnectOnOpen | Specifies whether the provider establishes a connection to SQL Server immediately upon opening the connection. Set ConnectOnOpen to True if immediate connectivity verification is necessary. |
| IncludeSystemSchemas | Specifies whether to include system schemas such as guest, sys, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and schemas prefixed with db_ during schema discovery. |
| IncludeTableTypes | Specifies whether to query SQL Server for the object types of individual tables and views. |
| MaxRows | Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY. |
| Other | Specifies additional hidden properties for specific use cases., to be used only when our Support team advises it, to address specific issues. See Remarks for details. |
| PoolIdleTimeout | Specifies the maximum idle time, in seconds, that a connection can remain in the pool before being closed. Requires UseConnectionPooling=True. |
| PoolMaxSize | Specifies the maximum number of connections allowed in the connection pool. |
| PoolMinSize | Specifies the minimum number of connections to be maintained in the connection pool at all times. |
| PoolWaitTime | Specifies the maximum number of seconds a connection request waits for an available connection in the pool. If the wait exceeds this time, an error is returned. |
| QueryPassthrough | This option passes the query to the SQL Server server as is. |
| Readonly | Toggles read-only access to SQL Server from the provider. |
| RTK | Specifies the runtime key for licensing the provider. If unset or invalid, the provider defaults to the standard licensing method. This property is only required in environments where the standard licensing method is unsupported or requires a runtime key. |
| Timeout | Specifies the number of seconds the provider waits before timing out an operation. |
| UseConnectionPooling | Enables the connection pooling feature, which allows the provider to reuse existing connections instead of creating new ones for each request. |