TDV Adapter for SQL Server

Build 22.0.8462

Basic Tab

You can use the SQL Server Adapter to connect to any instance of Microsoft SQL Server, Azure SQL Server, or Azure Data Warehouse.

Connecting to to Microsoft SQL Server

Specify the following connection properties to connect to SQL Server:

  • Server: The name of the server running SQL Server.
  • Database: The name of the SQL Server database.

Authenticating to SQL Server

The adapter supports authenticating to SQL Server using SQL Server authentication or Kerberos authentication.

SQL Server Authentication

To authenticate to Microsoft SQL Server using your SQL Server user login credentials, set the following:

  • AuthScheme: Set this to Password.
  • User: The username provided for authentication with SQL Server.
  • Password: The password associated with the authenticating user.

Kerberos

Please see Using Kerberos for details on how to authenticate with Kerberos.

Connecting to Azure SQL Server and Azure Data Warehouse

You can connect to Azure SQL Server or Azure Data Warehouse by setting the following connection properties:

  • Server: The server running Azure. You can find this by logging into the Azure portal and navigating to SQL databases (or SQL data warehouses) -> Select your database -> Overview -> Server name.
  • Database: The name of the database, as seen in the Azure portal on the SQL databases (or SQL warehouses) page.

Azure

Standard credentials may be used to authenticate to Azure hosted SQL Server. To do so, set the following:

  • AuthScheme: Set AuthScheme to Password (SQL Server credentials) or NTLM (Windows Credentials).
  • User: The name of the user authenticating to Azure.
  • Password: The password associated with the authenticating user.

Alternatively, a form of OAuth may be used by setting AuthScheme to one of AzureAd, AzurePassword, or AzureMSI. All OAuth connections require setting Tenant:

  • AzureTenant: The id of the tenant the SQL Server database is hosted on.

Azure AD

Azure AD is a connection type that leverages OAuth to authenticate. OAuth requires the authenticating user to interact with SQL Server using an internet browser. The adapter facilitates this in several ways as described below. Set your AuthScheme to AzureAD. All AzureAD flows assume that you have done so.

Desktop Applications

CData provides an embedded OAuth application that simplifies OAuth desktop Authentication. Alternatively, you can create a custom OAuth application. See Creating a Custom AzureAD App for information about creating custom applications and reasons for doing so.

For authentication, the only difference between the two methods is that you must set two additional connection properties when using custom OAuth applications.

After setting the following connection properties, you are ready to connect:

  • InitiateOAuth: Set this to GETANDREFRESH. You can use InitiateOAuth to avoid repeating the OAuth exchange and manually setting the OAuthAccessToken.
  • OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the client Id in your application settings.
  • OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the client secret in your application settings.
  • CallbackURL: Set this to the Redirect URL in your application settings.

When you connect the adapter opens the OAuth endpoint in your default browser. Log in and grant permissions to the application. The adapter then completes the OAuth process:

  1. Extracts the access token from the callback URL and authenticates requests.
  2. Obtains a new access token when the old one expires.
  3. Saves OAuth values in OAuthSettingsLocation that persist across connections.

Headless Machines

To configure the driver to use OAuth with a user account on a headless machine, you need to authenticate on another device that has an internet browser.

  1. Choose one of these two options:

    • Option 1: Obtain the OAuthVerifier value as described in "Obtain and Exchange a Verifier Code" below.
    • Option 2: Install the adapter on another machine and transfer the OAuth authentication values after you authenticate through the usual browser-based flow, as described in "Transfer OAuth Settings" below.

  2. Then configure the adapter to automatically refresh the access token from the headless machine.

Option 1: Obtain and Exchange a Verifier Code

To obtain a verifier code, you must authenticate at the OAuth authorization URL.

Follow the steps below to authenticate from the machine with an internet browser and obtain the OAuthVerifier connection property.

  1. Choose one of these options:

    • If you are using the Embedded OAuth Application click SQL Server OAuth endpoint to open the endpoint in your browser.
    • If you are using a custom OAuth application, create the Authorization URL by setting the following properties:
      • InitiateOAuth: Set to OFF.
      • OAuthClientId: Set to the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
      • OAuthClientSecret: Set to the client secret assigned when you registered your application.
      Then call the GetOAuthAuthorizationUrl stored procedure with the appropriate CallbackURL. Open the URL returned by the stored procedure in a browser.

  2. Log in and grant permissions to the adapter. You are then redirected to the callback URL, which contains the verifier code.
  3. Save the value of the verifier code. Later you will set this in the OAuthVerifier connection property.
Next, you need to exchange the OAuth verifier code for OAuth refresh and access tokens. Set the following properties:

On the headless machine, set the following connection properties to obtain the OAuth authentication values:

  • InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
  • OAuthVerifier: Set this to the verifier code.
  • OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the client Id in your custom OAuth application settings.
  • OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the client secret in the custom OAuth application settings.
  • OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to the path to the file where the driver saves the OAuth token values that persist across connections.

After the OAuth settings file is generated, you need to re-set the following properties to connect:

  • InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
  • OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
  • OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the client secret assigned when you registered your application.
  • OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to the file containing the encrypted OAuth authentication values. Make sure this file grants read and write permissions to the adapter to enable the automatic refreshing of the access token.

Option 2: Transfer OAuth Settings

Prior to connecting on a headless machine, you need to create and install a connection with the driver on a device that supports an internet browser. Set the connection properties as described in "Desktop Applications" above.

After completing the instructions in "Desktop Applications", the resulting authentication values are encrypted and written to the path specified by OAuthSettingsLocation. The default filename is OAuthSettings.txt.

Once you have successfully tested the connection, copy the OAuth settings file to your headless machine.

On the headless machine, set the following connection properties to connect to data:

  • InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
  • OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
  • OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the client secret assigned when you registered your application.
  • OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to the path to your OAuth settings file. Make sure this file gives read and write permissions to the adapter to enable the automatic refreshing of the access token.

Client Credentials

Client credentials refers to a flow in OAuth where there is no direct user authentication taking place. Instead, credentials are created for just the app itself. All tasks taken by the app are done without a default user context. This makes the authentication flow a bit different from standard.

Client OAuth Flow

All permissions related to the client oauth flow require admin consent. This means the app embedded with the SQL Server Adapter cannot be used in the client oauth flow. You must create your own OAuth app in order to use client credentials. See Creating a Custom AzureAD App for more details.

In your App Registration in portal.azure.com, navigate to API Permissions and select the Microsoft Graph permissions. There are two distinct sets of permissions - Delegated and Application permissions. The permissions used during client credential authentication are under Application Permissions. Select the permissions you require for your integration.

You are ready to connect after setting one of the connection properties groups depending on the authentication type.

  1. Authenticating using a Client Secret
    • InitiateOAuth: Set this to GETANDREFRESH. You can use InitiateOAuth to avoid repeating the OAuth exchange and manually setting the OAuthAccessToken.
    • AzureTenant: Set this to the tenant you wish to connect to.
    • OAuthGrantType: Set this to CLIENT.
    • OAuthClientId: Set this to the client Id in your app settings.
    • OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the client secret in your app settings.
  2. Authenticating using a Certificate
    • InitiateOAuth: Set this to GETANDREFRESH. You can use InitiateOAuth to avoid repeating the OAuth exchange and manually setting the OAuthAccessToken.
    • AzureTenant: Set this to the tenant you wish to connect to.
    • OAuthGrantType: Set this to CLIENT.
    • OAuthClientId: Set this to the client Id in your app settings.
    • OAuthJWTCert: Set this to the JWT Certificate store.
    • OAuthJWTCertType: Set this to the type of the certificate store specified by OAuthJWTCert.

Authentication with client credentials takes place automatically like any other connection, except there is no window opened prompting the user. Because there is no user context, there is no need for a browser popup. Connections will take place and be handled internally.

Azure Service Principal

Azure Service Principal is a connection type that goes through OAuth. Set your AuthScheme to AzureServicePrincipal. The authentication as an Azure Service Principal is handled via the OAuth Client Credentials flow, and it does not involve direct user authentication. Instead, credentials are created for just the app itself. All tasks taken by the app are done without a default user context, but based on the assigned roles. The application access to the resources is controlled through the assigned roles' permissions.

Note: You must create a custom application prior to assigning a role. See Creating a Custom AzureAD App for more information.

When authenticating using an Azure Service Principal, you must register an application with an Azure AD tenant. Follow the steps below to create a new service principal that can be used with the role-based access control.

Assign a role to the application

To access resources in your subscription, you must assign a role to the application.

  1. Open the Subscriptions page by searching and selecting the Subscriptions service from the search bar.
  2. Select the particular subscription to assign the application to.
  3. Open the Access control (IAM) and select Add > Add role assignment to open the Add role assignment page.
  4. Select Owner as the role to assign to your created Azure AD app.

Complete the Authentication

You are ready to connect after setting one of the below connection properties groups, depending on the configured app authentication (client secret or certificate).

In both methods

Before choosing client secret or certicate authentication, follow these steps then continue to the relevant section below:

  1. AuthScheme: Set this to the AzureServicePrincipal in your app settings.
  2. InitiateOAuth: Set this to GETANDREFRESH. You can use InitiateOAuth to avoid repeating the OAuth exchange and manually setting the OAuthAccessToken.
  3. AzureTenant: Set this to the tenant you wish to connect to.
  4. OAuthClientId: Set this to the client Id in your app settings.
Authenticating using a Client Secret

Continue with the following:

  1. OAuthClientId: Set this to the client Id in your app settings.
  2. OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the client secret in your app settings.

Authenticating using a Certificate

Continue with the following:

  1. OAuthJWTCert: Set this to the JWT Certificate store.
  2. OAuthJWTCertType: Set this to the type of the certificate store specified by OAuthJWTCert.

Azure Password

To connect using your Azure credentials directly, specify the following connection properties:

  • AuthScheme: Set this to AzurePassword.
  • User: Set this to your user account you use to connect to Azure.
  • Password: Set this to the password you use to connect to Azure.
  • AzureTenant: Set this to the Directory (tenant) ID, found on the Overview page of the OAuth app used to authenticate to SQL Server on Azure.

MSI

If you are running SQL Server on an Azure VM, you can leverage Managed Service Identity (MSI) credentials to connect:

  • AuthScheme: Set this to AzureMSI.

The MSI credentials are automatically obtained for authentication.

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Build 22.0.8462