SELECT Statements
A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.
- SELECT
- INTO
- FROM
- JOIN
- WHERE
- GROUP BY
- HAVING
- UNION
- ORDER BY
- LIMIT
SELECT Syntax
The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the add-in:
SELECT {
[ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
{
*
| {
<expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ]
| { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .*
} [ , ... ]
}
{
FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
} [ , ... ]
[ [
INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] }
] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
] [ ... ]
[ WHERE <search_condition> ]
[ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
[ HAVING <search_condition> ]
[ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
[
ORDER BY
<column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
]
[
LIMIT <expression>
[
{ OFFSET | , }
<expression>
]
]
} | SCOPE_IDENTITY()
<expression> ::=
| <column_reference>
| @ <parameter>
| ?
| COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
| { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> )
| NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> )
| COALESCE ( <expression> , ... )
| CASE <expression>
WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
[ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
END
| {RANK() | DENSE_RANK()} OVER ([PARTITION BY <column_reference>] {ORDER BY <column_reference>})
| <literal>
| <sql_function>
<search_condition> ::=
{
<expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
} [ { AND | OR } ... ]
Examples
- Return all columns:
SELECT * FROM Vendors
- Rename a column:
SELECT [Category] AS MY_Category FROM Vendors
- Cast a column's data as a different data type:
SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM Vendors
- Search data:
SELECT * FROM Vendors WHERE SMVendorID = 'S123456'
- Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Vendors
- Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Category) FROM Vendors
- Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT DISTINCT Category FROM Vendors
- Sort a result set in ascending order:
SELECT SMVendorID, Category FROM Vendors ORDER BY Category ASC
- Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
SELECT SMVendorID, Category FROM Vendors LIMIT 10
- Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
SELECT * FROM Vendors WHERE SMVendorID = @param
Pseudo Columns
Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not
appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from SAP Ariba.
SELECT * FROM Vendors WHERE Pseudo = '@Pseudo'
Window Functions
See Window Functions for SELECT examples containing window functions.
Table-Valued Functions
See Table-Valued Functions for SELECT examples with table-valued functions.