Establishing a Connection

Creating a JDBC Data Source

You can create a JDBC data source to connect from your Java application. Creating a JDBC data source based on the CData JDBC Driver for Snowflake consists of three basic steps:

Add the driver JAR file to the classpath. The JAR file is located in the lib subfolder of the installation directory. Note that the .lic file must be located in the same folder as the JAR file.
Provide the driver class. For example:
```
cdata.jdbc.snowflake.SnowflakeDriver
```
Provide the JDBC URL. For example:
```
jdbc:snowflake:url=https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com;user=Admin;password=test123;Database=Northwind;Warehouse=TestWarehouse;Account=Tester1;

or

jdbc:cdata:snowflake:url=https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com;user=Admin;password=test123;Database=Northwind;Warehouse=TestWarehouse;Account=Tester1;
```
The second format above can be used whenever there is a conflict in your application between drivers using the same URL format to ensure you are using the CData driver. The URL must start with either "jdbc:snowflake:" or "jdbc:cdata:snowflake:" and can include any of the connection properties in name-value pairs separated with semicolons.

Connecting to Snowflake

In addition to providing authentication, set the following properties to connect to a Snowflake database:

Url: Your Snowflake URL, such as https://orgname-myaccount.snowflakecomputing.com.
- If using a Legacy URL: https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com
- To find your URL:
  1. Click on your name in the lower left-hand corner of your Snowflake UI.
  2. Hover over your Account ID.
  3. Click the Copy Account URL icon to copy your account URL.
Database (optional): Restrict the tables and views exposed by the driver to those from a specific Snowflake database.
Schema (optional): Restrict the tables and views exposed by the driver to those from a specific Snowflake database schema.

Authenticating to Snowflake

The driver supports Snowflake user authentication, federated authentication, and SSL client authentication. To authenticate, set User and Password, and select the authentication method in the AuthScheme property.

Passwords

Set User and Password to a Snowflake user and set AuthScheme to PASSWORD.

Key Pairs

The driver allows you to authenticate using key pair authentication by creating a secure token with the private key defined for your user account. To connect with this method, set AuthScheme to PRIVATEKEY and set the following values:

User: The user account to authenticate as.
PrivateKey: The private key used for the user such as the path to the .pem file containing the private key.
PrivateKeyType: The type of key store containing the private key such as PEMKEY_FILE, PFXFILE, etc.
PrivateKeyPassword: The password for the specified private key.

Okta

Set the AuthScheme to OKTA. The following connection properties are used to connect to Okta:

User: Set this to the Okta user.
Password: Set this to Okta password for the user.
MFAPasscode (optional): Set this to the OTP code that was sent to your device. This property should be used only when the MFA is required for OKTA sign on.

The following SSOProperties are needed to authenticate to Okta:

Domain: Set this to the OKTA org domain name.
MFAType (optional): Set this to the multi-factor type. This property should be used only when the MFA is required for OKTA sign on. This property accepts one of the following values:
- OKTAVerify
- Email
- SMS
APIToken (optional): Set this to the API Token that the customer created from the Okta organization. You should specify this when authenticating a user via a trusted application or proxy that overrides OKTA client request context. In most contexts, it is not needed.

The following is an example connection string:

AuthScheme=OKTA;User=username;Password=password;Url='https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com';Warehouse=My_warehouse;SSO Properties='Domain=https://cdata-okta.okta.com';

The following is an example connection string for OKTA MFA:

AuthScheme=OKTA;User=username;Password=password;MFAPasscode=8111461;Url='https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com';Warehouse=My_warehouse;SSO Properties='Domain=https://cdata-okta.okta.com;MFAType=OktaVerify;';

AzureAD

Set the AuthScheme to AzureAD and set User to your AD user. When connecting, your browser opens, allowing you to login to Azure AD to complete the authentication. The following is an example connection string for AzureAD:

AuthScheme=AzureAD;Url=https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com;[email protected];

PingFederate

Set the AuthScheme to PingFederate. Set the following connection properties to connect to PingFederate:

User: Set this to your PingFederate user. You must also add the user to PingFederate Data Stores. When connecting, your browser opens allowing you to login to PingFederate to complete the authentication.
Password: Set this to the user password.
ProofKey (optional): You must specify this if you want to connect without using a browser. In a browser setting, this value is autogenerated.
ExternalToken (optional): Required if you want to connect without a browser. In a browser setting, this value is autogenerated.

The following is an example connection string for PingFederate(Assuming that Active Directory is used as a Data Store):

AuthScheme=PingFederate;Url=https://myaccount.region.snowflakecomputing.com;User=myuser@mydomain;Account=myaccount;Warehouse=mywarehouse;

Using a Proof Key and External Token

Setting the AuthScheme to AzureAD or PingFederate involves the use of a Proof Key and an External Token. If you choose to complete authentication via an internet browser, these values are autogenerated and automatically included in the connection string that you use during the Snowflake log in process.

If you choose to connect by means other than via a browser, you must specify values for ProofKey and ExternalToken. In this case, follow the steps below to authenticate:

Create a local web server with a specified port, such as 8080.
Call the GetSSOAuthorizationURL stored procedure using your specified port. This procedure returns a login SSO URL.
Copy and paste the returned URL into a browser.
In the page that opens, enter your username and password.
After you log in, a callback URL is generated and sent to your local web server instance. This callback URL is in a specialized format. You need to write your own code to extract the External Token from the callback URL.

OAuth

To authenticate with OAuth, set the AuthScheme to OAuth. You can authenticate by Creating a Custom OAuth App to obtain the OAuthClientId, OAuthClientSecret, and CallbackURL connection properties.

NOTE: There is an additional connection property called OAuthAuthenticator. Its default value is Azure, but it can be set to None or OKTA. This property determines which authenticator that the OAuth application requests from Snowflake.

There is a distinction between setting the AuthScheme to AzureAD and setting the AuthScheme to OAuth and OAuthAuthenticator to Azure:

AuthScheme=AzureAD: is a form SSO authentication which requires a browser, and from Snowflake's side, the security integration type is SAML2.
AuthScheme=OAuth with OAuthAuthenticator=Azure: is a form of OAuth that does not require a browser. From Snowflake's side, the security integration type is "external_oauth".

Desktop Apps

This section describes desktop authentication using the credentials for your custom OAuth app. See Creating a Custom OAuth App for more information.

Get an OAuth Access Token

After setting the following, you are ready to connect:

OAuthClientId: Set to the Client ID in your OAuth Integration settings.
OAuthClientSecret: Set to the Client Secret in OAuth your Integration settings.
CallbackURL: Set to the Redirect URL in your OAuth Integration settings.
InitiateOAuth: Set to GETANDREFRESH. You can use InitiateOAuth to avoid repeating the OAuth exchange and manually setting the OAuthAccessToken.

When you connect, the driver opens the OAuth endpoint in your default browser. Log in and grant permissions to the application. The driver then completes the following OAuth process:

Extracts the access token from the callback URL and authenticates requests.
Obtains a new access token when the old one expires.
Saves OAuth values in OAuthSettingsLocation to be persisted across connections.

Manually Get an OAuth Access Token

Set the following connection properties to obtain the OAuthAccessToken:

InitiateOAuth: Set to OFF.
OAuthClientId: Set to the Client ID in your OAuth Integration settings.
OAuthClientSecret: Set to the Client Secret in your OAuth Integration settings.

You can then call stored procedures to complete the OAuth exchange:

Call the GetOAuthAuthorizationUrl stored procedure. Set the CallbackURL input to the Redirect URI you specified in your app settings. The stored procedure returns the URL to the OAuth endpoint and the PKCEVerifier.
Open the URL, log in, and authorize the application. You are redirected back to the callback URL.
Call the GetOAuthAccessToken stored procedure. Set the CallbackURL input to the Redirect URI you specified in your app settings. Set the PKCEVerifier input to the value of the PKCEVerifier retrieved form the first step.

Headless Machines

To configure the driver to use OAuth with a user account on a headless machine, you need to authenticate on another device that has an internet browser.

Choose one of these two options:
- Option 1: Obtain the OAuthVerifier value as described in "Obtain and Exchange a Verifier Code" below.
- Option 2: Install the driver on another machine and transfer the OAuth authentication values after you authenticate through the usual browser-based flow, as described in "Transfer OAuth Settings" below.
Then configure the driver to automatically refresh the access token from the headless machine.

Option 1: Obtain and Exchange a Verifier Code

To obtain a verifier code, you must authenticate at the OAuth authorization URL.

See Creating a Custom OAuth App for a procedure. This section describes the procedure to authenticate and connect to data.

To obtain the verifier code, set the following properties on the headless machine:

InitiateOAuth: Set to OFF.
OAuthClientId: Set to the Client ID in your OAuth Integration settings.
OAuthClientSecret: Set to the Client Secret in your OAuth Integration settings.

Next, authenticate from another machine and obtain the OAuthVerifier connection property:

Call the GetOAuthAuthorizationUrl stored procedure. Set the CallbackURL input to the Redirect URI you specified in your app settings. The stored procedure returns the URL to the OAuth endpoint and the PKCEVerifier.
Open the returned URL in a browser. Log in and grant permissions to the driver. You are then redirected to the callback URL, which contains the verifier code.
Save the value of the Verifier and the value of the PKCEVerifier. You need to set the value of the Verifier in the OAuthVerifier connection property and set the value of the PKCEVerifier in the PKCEVerifier connection property.

Finally, on the headless machine, set the following connection properties to obtain the OAuth authentication values:

OAuthClientId: Set to the Client ID in your OAuth Integration settings.
OAuthClientSecret: Set to the Client Secret in your OAuth Integration settings.
OAuthVerifier: Set to the verifier code.
PKCEVerifier: Set to the PKCE verifier code.
OAuthSettingsLocation: Set to persist the encrypted OAuth authentication values to the specified location.
InitiateOAuth: Set to REFRESH.

Connect to Data

After the OAuth settings file is generated, set the following properties to connect to data:

OAuthSettingsLocation: Set to the location containing the encrypted OAuth authentication values. Make sure this location gives read and write permissions to the provider to enable the automatic refreshing of the access token.
InitiateOAuth: Set to REFRESH.

Option 2: Transfer OAuth Settings

To install the driver on another machine, authenticate, and then transfer the resulting OAuth values:

On a second machine, install the driver and connect with the following properties set:
- OAuthSettingsLocation: Set to a writable location.
- InitiateOAuth: Set to GETANDREFRESH.
- OAuthClientId: Set to the Client ID in your app settings.
- OAuthClientSecret: Set to the Client Secret in your app settings.
- CallbackURL: Set to the Callback URL in your app settings.
Test the connection to authenticate. The resulting authentication values are written, encrypted, to the location specified by OAuthSettingsLocation. Once you have successfully tested the connection, copy the OAuth settings file to your headless machine. On the headless machine, set the following connection properties to connect to data:
- InitiateOAuth: Set to REFRESH.
- OAuthSettingsLocation: Set to the location of your OAuth settings file. Make sure this location gives read and write permissions to the driver to enable the automatic refreshing of the access token.

SAML Providers

The driver has generic support for SAML-based identity providers, such as OneLogin.

Set the AuthScheme to ExternalBrowser.

OneLogin

Set User to the Snowflake user you want to authenticate.

When you attempt a connection, the SAML provider will launch a login prompt in your default web browser.

Provide the credentials associated with your SAML provider to authenticate to Snowflake.

Configuring Access Control

If the authenticating user maps to a system-defined role, specify it in the RoleName property.