A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
} | SCOPE_IDENTITY() 

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM Orders

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [UserID] AS MY_UserID FROM Orders

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(SalesTax AS VARCHAR) AS Str_SalesTax FROM Orders

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE TransactionID = '123'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Orders 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) FROM Orders 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT UserID FROM Orders 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT UserID, MAX(SalesTax) FROM Orders GROUP BY UserID

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   

   SELECT o.UserID, o.TransactionDate, o.Provider, ol.ID FROM Orders o INNER JOIN OrderLineItems ol ON o.TransactionID = ol.TransactionID

   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT TransactionID, UserID FROM Orders  ORDER BY UserID ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT TransactionID, UserID FROM Orders LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE TransactionID = @param

See Explicitly Caching Data for information on using the SELECT statement in offline mode.

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from TaxJar.

    SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE Pseudo = '@Pseudo'