Cmdlets for Avro

Build 24.0.9060

Establishing a Connection

With the CData Cmdlets users can install a data module, set the connection properties, and start scripting. This section provides examples of using our Avro Cmdlets with native PowerShell cmdlets, like the CSV import and export cmdlets.

Installing and Connecting

If you have PSGet, installing the cmdlets can be accomplished from the PowerShell Gallery with the following command. You can also obtain a setup from the CData site. 

Install-Module AvroCmdlets

The following line is then added to your profile, loading the cmdlets on the next session: 

Import-Module AvroCmdlets;

You can then use the Connect-Avro cmdlet to create a connection object that can be passed to other cmdlets: 

$conn = Connect-Avro -URI "C:\folder\table.avro;"

The CData Cmdlets PowerShell Module for Avro allows connecting to local and remote Avro resources. Set the URI property to the Avro resource location, in addition to any other properties necessary to connect to your data source.

Connecting to Local Files

Set the ConnectionType to Local. Local files support SELECT\INSERT.

Set the URI to a folder containing Avro files: C:\folder1.

Connecting to Cloud-Hosted Avro Files

While the cmdlet is capable of pulling data from Avro files hosted on a variety of cloud data stores, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are not supported outside of local files in this cmdlet.

If you need INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE cloud files, you can download the corresponding CData cmdlet for that cloud host (supported via stored procedures), make changes with the local file's corresponding cmdlet, then upload the file using the cloud source's stored procedures.

As an example, if you wanted to update a file stored on SharePoint, you could use the CData SharePoint cmdlet's DownloadDocument procedure to download the Avro file, update the local Avro file with the CData Avro cmdlet, then use the SharePoint cmdlet's UploadDocument procedure to upload the changed file to SharePoint.

A unique prefix at the beginning of the URI connection property is used to identify the cloud data store being targed by the cmdlet and the remainder of the path is a relative path to the desired folder (one table per file) or single file (a single table).

Amazon S3

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Amazon S3:

  • ConnectionType: Set the ConnectionType to Amazon S3.
  • URI: Set this to the bucket and folder: s3://bucket1/folder1.
    • You can also connect to Avro resources stored on Cloudera Ozone, after creating a volume and bucket and making a symbolic link to that bucket: s3://linktobucket/

See Connecting to Amazon S3 for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Amazon S3.

Azure Blob Storage

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Azure Blob Storage:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Azure Blob Storage.
  • URI: Set this to the name of your container and the name of the blob. For example: azureblob://mycontainer/myblob.

See Connecting to Azure Blob Storage for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Amazon Blob Storage.

Azure Data Lake Storage

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Azure Data Lake Storage:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1, Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2, or Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 SSL.
  • URI: Set this to the name of the file system and the name of the folder which contains your Avro files. For example:
    • Gen 1: adl://myfilesystem/folder1
    • Gen 2: abfs://myfilesystem/folder1
    • Gen 2 SSL: abfss://myfilesystem/folder1

See Connecting to Azure Data Lake Storage for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Azure Data Lake Storage.

Azure File Storage

Set the following properties to connect:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Azure Files.
  • URI: Set this the name of your azure file share and the name of the resource. For example: azurefile://fileShare/remotePath.
  • AzureStorageAccount (Required): Set this to the account associated with the Azure file.

You can authenticate either an Azure access key or an Azure shared access signature. Set one of the following:

  • AzureAccessKey: Set this to the access key associated with the Azure file.
  • AzureSharedAccessSignature: Set this to the shared access signature associated with the Azure file.

Box

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Box:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Box.
  • URI: Set this the name of the file system and the name of the folder which contains your Avro files. For example: box://folder1.

See Connecting to Box for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Box.

Dropbox

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Dropbox:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Dropbox.
  • URI: Set this to the path to a folder containing Avro files. For example: dropbox://folder1.

See Connecting to Dropbox for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Dropbox.

FTP

The cmdlet supports both plaintext and SSL/TLS connections to FTP servers.

Set the following connection properties to connect:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to either FTP or FTPS.
  • URI: Set this to the address of the server followed by the path to the folder to be used as the root folder. For example: ftp://localhost:990/folder1 or ftps://localhost:990/folder1.
  • User: Set this to your username on the FTP(S) server you want to connect to.
  • Password: Set this to your password on the FTP(S) server you want to connect to.

Google Cloud Storage

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Google Cloud Storage:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Google Cloud Storage.
  • URI: Set this to the path to the name of the file system and the name of the folder which contains your Avro files. For example: gs://bucket/remotePath.

See Connecting to Google Cloud Storage for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Google Cloud Storage.

Google Drive

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on Google Drive:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to Google Drive.
  • URI: Set to the path to the name of the file system and the name of the folder which contains your Avro files. For example: gdrive://folder1.

See Connecting to Google Drive for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on Google Drive.

HDFS

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on HDFS:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to HDFS or HDFS Secure.
  • URI: Set this to the path to a folder containing Avro files. For example:
    • HDFS: webhdfs://host:port/remotePath
    • HDFS Secure: webhdfss://host:port/remotePath
    • Cloudera Ozone (via the HttpFS gateway): webhdfs://<Ozone server>:<port>/user/myuser
      • You must use Kerberos authentication to access Avro files stored on Ozone.
      • Ensure that you have Ozone 718.2.x on the Ozone cluster.
      • Cloudera Manager version 7.10.1 is required.

There are two authentication methods available for connecting to HDFS data source, Anonymous Authentication and Negotiate (Kerberos) Authentication.

Anonymous Authentication

In some situations, you can connect to HDFS without any authentication connection properties. To do so, set the AuthScheme property to None (default).

Authenticate using Kerberos

When authentication credentials are required, you can use Kerberos for authentication. See Using Kerberos for details on how to authenticate with Kerberos.

HTTP Streams

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on HTTP streams:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to HTTP or HTTPS.
  • URI: Set this to the URI of your HTTP(S) stream. For example:
    • HTTP: http://remoteStream
    • HTTPS: https://remoteStream

See Connecting to HTTP Streams for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on HTTP Streams.

IBM Cloud Object Storage

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on IBM Cloud Object Storage:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to IBM Object Storage Source.
  • URI: Set this to the bucket and folder. For example: ibmobjectstorage://bucket1/remotePath.
  • Region: Set this property to your IBM instance region. For example: eu-gb.

See Connecting to IBM Object Storage for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on IBM Cloud Object Storage.

OneDrive

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on OneDrive:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to OneDrive.
  • URI: Set this to the path to a folder containing Avro files. For example: onedrive://remotePath.

See Connecting to OneDrive for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on OneDrive.

OneLake

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on OneLake:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to OneLake.
  • URI: Set this to the name of the workspace, followed by the item and item type. Optionally, include the folder path to be used as the root folder. For example: onelake://Workspace/Test.LakeHouse/Files/CustomFolder.

See Connecting to OneLake for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on OneLake.

Oracle Cloud Storage

Set the following properties to authenticate with HMAC:

  • ConnectionType: Set the ConnectionType to Oracle Cloud Storage.
  • URI: Set this to the bucket and folder: os://bucket/remotePath.
  • AccessKey: Set this to an Oracle Cloud Access Key.
  • SecretKey: Set this to an Oracle Cloud Secret Key.
  • OracleNamespace: Set this to an Oracle cloud namespace.
  • Region (optional): Set this to the hosting region for your S3-like Web Services.

SFTP

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on SFTP:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to SFTP.
  • URI: Set this to the address of the server followed by the path to the folder to be used as the root folder. For example: sftp://server:port/remotePath.

See Connecting to SFTP for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on SFTP.

SharePoint Online

Set the following to identify your Avro resources stored on SharePoint Online:

  • ConnectionType: Set this to SharePoint REST or SharePoint SOAP.
  • URI: Set this to a document library containing Avro files. For example:
    • SharePoint Online REST: sprest://remotePath
    • SharePoint Online SOAP: sp://remotePath

See Connecting to SharePoint Online for more information regarding how to connect and authenticate to Avro files hosted on SharePoint Online.

Retrieving Data

The Select-Avro cmdlet provides a native PowerShell interface for retrieving data: 

$results = Select-Avro -Connection $conn -Table "SampleTable_1" -Columns @("Id, Column1") -Where "Column2='Bob'"
The Invoke-Avro cmdlet provides an SQL interface. This cmdlet can be used to execute an SQL query via the Query parameter.

Piping Cmdlet Output

The cmdlets return row objects to the pipeline one row at a time. The following line exports results to a CSV file: 

Select-Avro -Connection $conn -Table SampleTable_1 -Where "Column2 = 'Bob'" | Select -Property * -ExcludeProperty Connection,Table,Columns | Export-Csv -Path c:\mySampleTable_1Data.csv -NoTypeInformation

You will notice that we piped the results from Select-Avro into a Select-Object cmdlet and excluded some properties before piping them into an Export-CSV cmdlet. We do this because the CData Cmdlets append Connection, Table, and Columns information onto each row object in the result set, and we do not necessarily want that information in our CSV file.

However, this makes it easy to pipe the output of one cmdlet to another. The following is an example of converting a result set to JSON: 

 
PS C:\> $conn  = Connect-Avro -URI "C:\folder\table.avro;"
PS C:\> $row = Select-Avro -Connection $conn -Table "SampleTable_1" -Columns (Id, Column1) -Where "Column2 = 'Bob'" | select -first 1
PS C:\> $row | ConvertTo-Json
{
  "Connection":  {

  },
  "Table":  "SampleTable_1",
  "Columns":  [

  ],
  "Id":  "MyId",
  "Column1":  "MyColumn1"
}

Modifying Data

The cmdlets make data transformation easy as well as data cleansing. The following example loads data from a CSV file into Avro, checking first whether a record already exists and needs to be updated instead of inserted. 

Import-Csv -Path C:\MySampleTable_1Updates.csv | %{
  $record = Select-Avro -Connection $conn -Table SampleTable_1 -Where ("Id = `'"+$_.Id+"`'")
  if($record){
    Update-Avro -Connection $conn -Table SampleTable_1 -Columns @("Id","Column1") -Values @($_.Id, $_.Column1) -Where "Id  = `'$_.Id`'"
  }else{
    Add-Avro -Connection $conn -Table SampleTable_1 -Columns @("Id","Column1") -Values @($_.Id, $_.Column1)
  }
}

Copyright (c) 2024 CData Software, Inc. - All rights reserved.
Build 24.0.9060