SELECT Statements
A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses. You can access this statement by using the Odbc.Query function in the M formula language.
- SELECT
- INTO
- FROM
- JOIN
- WHERE
- GROUP BY
- HAVING
- UNION
- ORDER BY
- LIMIT
SELECT Syntax
The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the connector:
SELECT {
[ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
{
*
| {
<expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ]
| { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .*
} [ , ... ]
}
{
FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
} [ , ... ]
[ [
INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] }
] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
] [ ... ]
[ WHERE <search_condition> ]
[ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
[ HAVING <search_condition> ]
[ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
[
ORDER BY
<column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
]
[
LIMIT <expression>
[
{ OFFSET | , }
<expression>
]
]
}
<expression> ::=
| <column_reference>
| @ <parameter>
| ?
| COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
| { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> )
| NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> )
| COALESCE ( <expression> , ... )
| CASE <expression>
WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
[ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
END
| {RANK() | DENSE_RANK()} OVER ([PARTITION BY <column_reference>] {ORDER BY <column_reference>})
| <literal>
| <sql_function>
<search_condition> ::=
{
<expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
} [ { AND | OR } ... ]
Examples
- Return all columns:
SELECT * FROM Buckets
- Rename a column:
SELECT [OwnerId] AS MY_OwnerId FROM Buckets
- Cast a column's data as a different data type:
SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM Buckets
- Search data:
SELECT * FROM Buckets WHERE Name = 'TestBucket'
- Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Buckets
- Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT OwnerId) FROM Buckets
- Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT DISTINCT OwnerId FROM Buckets
- Sort a result set in ascending order:
SELECT Name, OwnerId FROM Buckets ORDER BY OwnerId ASC
- Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
SELECT Name, OwnerId FROM Buckets LIMIT 10
- Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
SELECT * FROM Buckets WHERE Name = @param
Pseudo Columns
Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not
appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Google Cloud Storage.
SELECT * FROM Buckets WHERE Query = 'Value > 100'
Aggregate Functions
For SELECT examples using aggregate functions, see Aggregate Functions.
JOIN Queries
See JOIN Queries for SELECT query examples using JOINs.
Date Literal Functions
Date Literal Functions contains SELECT examples with date literal functions.
Window Functions
See Window Functions for SELECT examples containing window functions.
Table-Valued Functions
See Table-Valued Functions for SELECT examples with table-valued functions.