This page provides a guide to Establishing a Connection to HDFS in CData Cloud, as well as information on the available resources, and a reference to the available connection properties.

Connecting to HDFS

Establishing a Connection shows how to authenticate to HDFS and configure any necessary connection properties to create a database in CData Cloud

Accessing Data from CData Cloud Services

Accessing data from HDFS through the available standard services and CData Cloud administration is documented in further details in the CData Cloud Documentation.

Connect to HDFS by selecting the corresponding icon in the Database tab. Required properties are listed under Settings. The Advanced tab lists connection properties that are not typically required.

Connecting to HDFS

In order to connect, set the following connection properties:

• Host: Set this value to the host of your HDFS installation.
• Port: Set this value to the port of your HDFS installation. Default port: 9870
• UseSSL: (Optional) Set this value to 'True', to negotiate TLS/SSL connections to the HDFS server. Default: 'False'.

Authenticating to HDFS

There are two authentication methods available for connecting to the HDFS data source, Anonymous Authentication and Negotiate (Kerberos) Authentication.

Anonymous Authentication

In some situations, HDFS may be connected to without any authentication connection properties. To do so, set the AuthScheme to None (default).

Kerberos

When authentication credentials are required, you can use Kerberos. See Using Kerberos for details on how to authenticate with Kerberos.

Fine Tuning Data Access

You can use the following properties to gain more control over the data returned from HDFS:

• DirectoryRetrievalDepth: How many subfolders to be recursively scanned before stopping.
  -1 specifies that all subfolders are scanned. 0 specifies that only the current folder will be scanned for items.
• Path: Limit the subfolders recursively scanned.

Kerberos

To authenticate to HDFS with Kerberos, set AuthScheme to NEGOTIATE.

Authenticating to HDFS via Kerberos requires you to define authentication properties and to choose how Kerberos should retrieve authentication tickets.

Retrieve Kerberos Tickets

Kerberos tickets are used to authenticate the requester's identity. The use of tickets instead of formal logins/passwords eliminates the need to store passwords locally or send them over a network. Users are reauthenticated (tickets are refreshed) whenever they log in at their local computer or enter kinit USER at the command prompt.

The Cloud provides three ways to retrieve the required Kerberos ticket, depending on whether or not the KRB5CCNAME and/or KerberosKeytabFile variables exist in your environment.

MIT Kerberos Credential Cache File

This option enables you to use the MIT Kerberos Ticket Manager or kinit command to get tickets. With this option there is no need to set the User or Password connection properties.

This option requires that KRB5CCNAME has been created in your system.

To enable ticket retrieval via MIT Kerberos Credential Cache Files:

1. Ensure that the KRB5CCNAME variable is present in your environment.
2. Set KRB5CCNAME to a path that points to your credential cache file. (For example, C:\krb_cache\krb5cc_0 or /tmp/krb5cc_0.) The credential cache file is created when you use the MIT Kerberos Ticket Manager to generate your ticket.
3. To obtain a ticket:
   1. Open the MIT Kerberos Ticket Manager application.
   2. Click Get Ticket.
   3. Enter your principal name and password.
   4. Click OK.

   If the ticket is successfully obtained, the ticket information appears in Kerberos Ticket Manager and is stored in the credential cache file.

The Cloud uses the cache file to obtain the Kerberos ticket to connect to HDFS.

Note: If you would prefer not to edit KRB5CCNAME, you can use the KerberosTicketCache property to set the file path manually. After this is set, the Cloud uses the specified cache file to obtain the Kerberos ticket to connect to HDFS.

Keytab File

If your environment lacks the KRB5CCNAME environment variable, you can retrieve a Kerberos ticket using a Keytab File.

To use this method, set the User property to the desired username, and set the KerberosKeytabFile property to a file path pointing to the keytab file associated with the user.

User and Password

If your environment lacks the KRB5CCNAME environment variable and the KerberosKeytabFile property has not been set, you can retrieve a ticket using a user and password combination.

To use this method, set the User and Password properties to the user/password combination that you use to authenticate with HDFS.

Enabling Cross-Realm Authentication

More complex Kerberos environments can require cross-realm authentication where multiple realms and KDC servers are used. For example, they might use one realm/KDC for user authentication, and another realm/KDC for obtaining the service ticket.

To enable this kind of cross-realm authentication, set the KerberosRealm and KerberosKDC properties to the values required for user authentication. Also, set the KerberosServiceRealm and KerberosServiceKDC properties to the values required to obtain the service ticket.

Customizing the SSL Configuration

To enable TLS, set UseSSL to True.

With this configuration, the Cloud attempts to negotiate TLS with the server. The server certificate is validated against the default system trusted certificate store. You can override how the certificate gets validated using the SSLServerCert connection property.

To specify another certificate, see the SSLServerCert connection property.

Connecting Through a Firewall or Proxy

HTTP Proxies

To authenticate to an HTTP proxy, set the following:

• ProxyServer: the hostname or IP address of the proxy server that you want to route HTTP traffic through.
• ProxyPort: the TCP port that the proxy server is running on.
• ProxyAuthScheme: the authentication method the Cloud uses when authenticating to the proxy server.
• ProxyUser: the username of a user account registered with the proxy server.
• ProxyPassword: the password associated with the ProxyUser.

Other Proxies

Set the following properties:

• To use a proxy-based firewall, set FirewallType, FirewallServer, and FirewallPort.
• To tunnel the connection, set FirewallType to TUNNEL.
• To authenticate, specify FirewallUser and FirewallPassword.
• To authenticate to a SOCKS proxy, additionally set FirewallType to SOCKS5.

The CData Cloud models HDFS objects as relational tables and views. HDFS objects have relationships to other objects; in the tables, these relationships are expressed through foreign keys. The following sections show the available API objects and provide more information on executing SQL to HDFS APIs.

Schemas for most database objects are defined in simple, text-based configuration files.

Key Features

• The Cloud models HDFS entities such as files and permissions as relational views, allowing you to write SQL to query HDFS data.
• Stored procedures allow you to execute operations to HDFS
• Live connectivity to these objects means any changes to your HDFS account are immediately reflected when using the Cloud.

Views are similar to tables in the way that data is represented; however, views are read-only.

Queries can be executed against a view as if it were a normal table.

CData Cloud - HDFS Views

Name	Description
Files	Lists the contents of the supplied path.
Permissions	Lists the permissions of the files/file specified in the path.

Lists the contents of the supplied path.

Table Specific Information

Select

This will return a list of all the files and directories in your system. By default all subfolders are recursively scanned to list their children. You can configure the depth of subfolders you want to be recursively scanned with DirectoryRetrievalDepth property. All filters are executed client side within the Cloud.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
FileId [KEY]	Long	The unique Id associated with the file.
PathSuffix	String	The path suffix.
FullPath	String	The full path of the file.
Owner	String	The user who is the owner.
Group	String	The group owner.
Length	Long	The number of bytes in a file.
Permission	String	The permission represented as a octal string
Replication	Integer	The number of replication of a file.
StoragePolicy	Integer	The name of the storage policy
ChildrenNum	Integer	The number of children the file has.
BlockSize	Long	The block size of a file.
ModificationTime	Datetime	The modification time.
AccessTime	Datetime	The access time.
Type	String	The type of the path object.

Lists the permissions of the files/file specified in the path.

Table Specific Information

Select

This will return a list of permissions of all the files and directories in your system. All filters are executed client side within the Cloud.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
FullPath [KEY]	String	The full path of the file.
OwnerRead	Boolean	Whether the owner this file belongs to has read access.
OwnerWrite	Boolean	Whether the owner this file belongs to has write access.
OwnerExecute	Boolean	Whether the owner this file belongs to has execute access.
GroupRead	Boolean	Whether the group this file belongs to has read access.
GroupWrite	Boolean	Whether the group this file belongs to has write access.
GroupExecute	Boolean	Whether the group this file belongs to has execute access.
OthersRead	Boolean	Whether everyone else has read access.
OthersWrite	Boolean	Whether everyone else has write access.
OthersExecute	Boolean	Whether everyone else has execute access.

Stored procedures are function-like interfaces that extend the functionality of the Cloud beyond simple SELECT operations with HDFS.

Stored procedures accept a list of parameters, perform their intended function, and then return any relevant response data from HDFS, along with an indication of whether the procedure succeeded or failed.

CData Cloud - HDFS Stored Procedures

Name	Description
AppendToFile	Create and Write to a File.
Concat	Concatenate a group of files to another file.
CreateSnapshot	Create a Snapshot of a folder.
CreateSymLink	Create a Symbolic Link.
DeleteFile	Delete a file or a directory.
DeleteSnapshot	Delete a Snapshot of a folder.
GetContentSummary	Get the content summary of a file/folder.
GetFileChecksum	Get the checksum of a file.
GetHomeDirectory	Get the home directory for the current user.
GetTrashRoot	Get the root directory of Trash for current user when the path specified is deleted.
ListStatus	Lists the contents of the supplied path.
MakeDirectory	Create a directory in the specified path.
RenameFile	Rename a file or a directory.
RenameSnapshot	Rename a Snapshot of a folder.
SetOwner	Set owner and group of a path.
SetPermission	Set permission of a path.
TruncateFile	Truncate a file to a new length.

Create and Write to a File.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The absolute path of the file for which content will be appended.
FilePath	String	False	The path of the file whose content will be appended to the specified file. Has higher priority than Content.
Content	String	False	The content as a string which will be appended to the specified file. Has lower priority than FilePath.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Concatenate a group of files to another file.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The path which will be concatenated with other paths/sources.
Sources	String	True	A comma separated list of paths/sources. These will be joined to the Path input.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Create a Snapshot of a folder.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False	The path for which the snapshot will be created. Must be a folder.
SnapshotName	String	False	The name of the snapshot which will be created.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Path	String	The path of the created snapshot.

Create a Symbolic Link.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The path for which a symbolic link will be created.
Destination	String	True	The destination of the symbolic link.
CreateParent	Boolean	False	Whether the parent of the symbolic link should be created.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Delete a file or a directory.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The path of the file or folder to be deleted.
Recursive	Boolean	False	If deleting a folder, set this to true to delete all its contents as well.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Indicates whether the operation was successful.

Delete a Snapshot of a folder.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The folder path from which the snapshot will be deleted.
SnapshotName	String	True	The name of the snapshot to delete.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Indicates if the snapshot deletion operation was successful.

Get the content summary of a file/folder.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The absolute path of the file/folder whose content summary will be returned.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
DirectoryCount	String	The number of directories in this folder.
FileCount	String	The number of files in this folder.
Length	Integer	The length of the folder/file.
Quota	Integer	The quota of the folder/file.
SpaceConsumed	Integer	The amount of space consumed by this folder/file.
SpaceQuota	Integer	The space quota of the folder/file.
ECPolicy	String	The Erasure Coding Policy of the folder/file.
SnapshotFileCount	Integer	The number of files in this folder snapshot.
SnapshotSpaceConsumed	Integer	The amount of space consumed by this folder/file snapshot.
SnapshotDirectoryCount	Integer	The number of directories in this folder snapshot.
SnapshotLength	Integer	The length of the folder/file snapshot.

Get the checksum of a file.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The path for which the checksum will be returned. Must be a file.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Algorithm	String	The algorithm used for the checksum.
Bytes	String	The checksum returned.
Length	Integer	The length of the file.

Get the home directory for the current user.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Path	String	The path of the current user's home directory.

Get the root directory of Trash for current user when the path specified is deleted.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False	The path whose trash root will be returned.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Path	String	The path of the current user's trash root (for the specified path).

Lists the contents of the supplied path.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
FileId	Long	The unique Id associated with the file.
PathSuffix	String	The path suffix.
Owner	String	The user who is the owner.
Group	String	The group owner.
Length	Long	The number of bytes in a file.
Permission	String	The permission represented as a octal string
Replication	Integer	The number of replication of a file.
StoragePolicy	Integer	The name of the storage policy
ChildrenNum	Integer	The number of children the file has.
BlockSize	Long	The block size of a file.
ModificationTime	Datetime	The modification time.
AccessTime	Datetime	The access time.
Type	String	The type of the path object.

Create a directory in the specified path.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False	The path of the new directory which will be created.
Permission	String	False	The permission of the new directory. If no permissions are specified, the newly created directory will have 755 permission as default.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Rename a file or a directory.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The path which will be renamed.
Destination	String	True	The new path for the renamed file/folder.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Rename a Snapshot of a folder.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False	The path for which the snapshot will be renamed. Must be a folder.
SnapshotName	String	True	The new name of the snapshot.
OldSnapshotName	String	True	The old name of the snapshot.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Set owner and group of a path.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False	The path whose owner/group will be changed.
Owner	String	False	The new owner.
Group	String	False	The new group.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Set permission of a path.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	False	The path whose permissions will be changed
Permission	String	True	Unix permissions in an octal (base-8) notation.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

Truncate a file to a new length.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Path	String	True	The path of the file which will be truncated.
NewLength	Integer	True	The new length for this file.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Boolean	Whether the operation completed successfully or not.

You can query the system tables described in this section to access schema information, information on data source functionality, and batch operation statistics.

Schema Tables

The following tables return database metadata for HDFS:

• sys_catalogs: Lists the available databases.
• sys_schemas: Lists the available schemas.
• sys_tables: Lists the available tables and views.
• sys_tablecolumns: Describes the columns of the available tables and views.
• sys_procedures: Describes the available stored procedures.
• sys_procedureparameters: Describes stored procedure parameters.
• sys_keycolumns: Describes the primary and foreign keys.
• sys_indexes: Describes the available indexes.

Data Source Tables

The following tables return information about how to connect to and query the data source:

• sys_connection_props: Returns information on the available connection properties.
• sys_sqlinfo: Describes the SELECT queries that the Cloud can offload to the data source.

Query Information Tables

The following table returns query statistics for data modification queries:

• sys_identity: Returns information about batch operations or single updates.

Lists the available databases.

The following query retrieves all databases determined by the connection string:

SELECT * FROM sys_catalogs

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database name.

Lists the available schemas.

The following query retrieves all available schemas:

          SELECT * FROM sys_schemas
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database name.
SchemaName	String	The schema name.

Lists the available tables.

The following query retrieves the available tables and views:

          SELECT * FROM sys_tables
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database containing the table or view.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the table or view.
TableName	String	The name of the table or view.
TableType	String	The table type (table or view).
Description	String	A description of the table or view.
IsUpdateable	Boolean	Whether the table can be updated.

Describes the columns of the available tables and views.

The following query returns the columns and data types for the Files table:

SELECT ColumnName, DataTypeName FROM sys_tablecolumns WHERE TableName='Files' 

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the table or view.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the table or view.
TableName	String	The name of the table or view containing the column.
ColumnName	String	The column name.
DataTypeName	String	The data type name.
DataType	Int32	An integer indicating the data type. This value is determined at run time based on the environment.
Length	Int32	The storage size of the column.
DisplaySize	Int32	The designated column's normal maximum width in characters.
NumericPrecision	Int32	The maximum number of digits in numeric data. The column length in characters for character and date-time data.
NumericScale	Int32	The column scale or number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
IsNullable	Boolean	Whether the column can contain null.
Description	String	A brief description of the column.
Ordinal	Int32	The sequence number of the column.
IsAutoIncrement	String	Whether the column value is assigned in fixed increments.
IsGeneratedColumn	String	Whether the column is generated.
IsHidden	Boolean	Whether the column is hidden.
IsArray	Boolean	Whether the column is an array.
IsReadOnly	Boolean	Whether the column is read-only.
IsKey	Boolean	Indicates whether a field returned from sys_tablecolumns is the primary key of the table.
ColumnType	String	The role or classification of the column in the schema. Possible values include SYSTEM, LINKEDCOLUMN, NAVIGATIONKEY, REFERENCECOLUMN, and NAVIGATIONPARENTCOLUMN.

Lists the available stored procedures.

The following query retrieves the available stored procedures:

          SELECT * FROM sys_procedures
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database containing the stored procedure.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the stored procedure.
ProcedureName	String	The name of the stored procedure.
Description	String	A description of the stored procedure.
ProcedureType	String	The type of the procedure, such as PROCEDURE or FUNCTION.

Describes stored procedure parameters.

The following query returns information about all of the input parameters for the Open stored procedure:

SELECT * FROM sys_procedureparameters WHERE ProcedureName = 'Open' AND Direction = 1 OR Direction = 2

To include result set columns in addition to the parameters, set the IncludeResultColumns pseudo column to True:

SELECT * FROM sys_procedureparameters WHERE ProcedureName = 'Open' AND IncludeResultColumns='True'

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the stored procedure.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the stored procedure.
ProcedureName	String	The name of the stored procedure containing the parameter.
ColumnName	String	The name of the stored procedure parameter.
Direction	Int32	An integer corresponding to the type of the parameter: input (1), input/output (2), or output(4). input/output type parameters can be both input and output parameters.
DataType	Int32	An integer indicating the data type. This value is determined at run time based on the environment.
DataTypeName	String	The name of the data type.
NumericPrecision	Int32	The maximum precision for numeric data. The column length in characters for character and date-time data.
Length	Int32	The number of characters allowed for character data. The number of digits allowed for numeric data.
NumericScale	Int32	The number of digits to the right of the decimal point in numeric data.
IsNullable	Boolean	Whether the parameter can contain null.
IsRequired	Boolean	Whether the parameter is required for execution of the procedure.
IsArray	Boolean	Whether the parameter is an array.
Description	String	The description of the parameter.
Ordinal	Int32	The index of the parameter.
Values	String	The values you can set in this parameter are limited to those shown in this column. Possible values are comma-separated.
SupportsStreams	Boolean	Whether the parameter represents a file that you can pass as either a file path or a stream.
IsPath	Boolean	Whether the parameter is a target path for a schema creation operation.
Default	String	The value used for this parameter when no value is specified.
SpecificName	String	A label that, when multiple stored procedures have the same name, uniquely identifies each identically-named stored procedure. If there's only one procedure with a given name, its name is simply reflected here.
IsCDataProvided	Boolean	Whether the procedure is added/implemented by CData, as opposed to being a native HDFS procedure.

Pseudo-Columns

Name	Type	Description
IncludeResultColumns	Boolean	Whether the output should include columns from the result set in addition to parameters. Defaults to False.

Describes the primary and foreign keys.

The following query retrieves the primary key for the Files table:

         SELECT * FROM sys_keycolumns WHERE IsKey='True' AND TableName='Files' 
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
IsKey	Boolean	Whether the column is a primary key in the table referenced in the TableName field.
IsForeignKey	Boolean	Whether the column is a foreign key referenced in the TableName field.
PrimaryKeyName	String	The name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyName	String	The name of the foreign key.
ReferencedCatalogName	String	The database containing the primary key.
ReferencedSchemaName	String	The schema containing the primary key.
ReferencedTableName	String	The table containing the primary key.
ReferencedColumnName	String	The column name of the primary key.

Describes the foreign keys.

The following query retrieves all foreign keys which refer to other tables:

         SELECT * FROM sys_foreignkeys WHERE ForeignKeyType = 'FOREIGNKEY_TYPE_IMPORT'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
PrimaryKeyName	String	The name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyName	String	The name of the foreign key.
ReferencedCatalogName	String	The database containing the primary key.
ReferencedSchemaName	String	The schema containing the primary key.
ReferencedTableName	String	The table containing the primary key.
ReferencedColumnName	String	The column name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyType	String	Designates whether the foreign key is an import (points to other tables) or export (referenced from other tables) key.

Describes the primary keys.

The following query retrieves the primary keys from all tables and views:

         SELECT * FROM sys_primarykeys
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
KeySeq	String	The sequence number of the primary key.
KeyName	String	The name of the primary key.

Describes the available indexes. By filtering on indexes, you can write more selective queries with faster query response times.

The following query retrieves all indexes that are not primary keys:

          SELECT * FROM sys_indexes WHERE IsPrimary='false'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the index.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the index.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the index.
IndexName	String	The index name.
ColumnName	String	The name of the column associated with the index.
IsUnique	Boolean	True if the index is unique. False otherwise.
IsPrimary	Boolean	True if the index is a primary key. False otherwise.
Type	Int16	An integer value corresponding to the index type: statistic (0), clustered (1), hashed (2), or other (3).
SortOrder	String	The sort order: A for ascending or D for descending.
OrdinalPosition	Int16	The sequence number of the column in the index.

Returns information on the available connection properties and those set in the connection string.

The following query retrieves all connection properties that have been set in the connection string or set through a default value:

SELECT * FROM sys_connection_props WHERE Value <> ''

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Name	String	The name of the connection property.
ShortDescription	String	A brief description.
Type	String	The data type of the connection property.
Default	String	The default value if one is not explicitly set.
Values	String	A comma-separated list of possible values. A validation error is thrown if another value is specified.
Value	String	The value you set or a preconfigured default.
Required	Boolean	Whether the property is required to connect.
Category	String	The category of the connection property.
IsSessionProperty	String	Whether the property is a session property, used to save information about the current connection.
Sensitivity	String	The sensitivity level of the property. This informs whether the property is obfuscated in logging and authentication forms.
PropertyName	String	A camel-cased truncated form of the connection property name.
Ordinal	Int32	The index of the parameter.
CatOrdinal	Int32	The index of the parameter category.
Hierarchy	String	Shows dependent properties associated that need to be set alongside this one.
Visible	Boolean	Informs whether the property is visible in the connection UI.
ETC	String	Various miscellaneous information about the property.

Describes the SELECT query processing that the Cloud can offload to the data source.

See SQL Compliance for SQL syntax details.

Discovering the Data Source's SELECT Capabilities

Below is an example data set of SQL capabilities. Some aspects of SELECT functionality are returned in a comma-separated list if supported; otherwise, the column contains NO.

Name	Description	Possible Values
AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS	Supported aggregation functions.	AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, DISTINCT
COUNT	Whether COUNT function is supported.	YES, NO
IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_OPEN_CHAR	The opening character used to escape an identifier.	[
IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CLOSE_CHAR	The closing character used to escape an identifier.	]
SUPPORTED_OPERATORS	A list of supported SQL operators.	=, >, <, >=, <=, <>, !=, LIKE, NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL, AND, OR
GROUP_BY	Whether GROUP BY is supported, and, if so, the degree of support.	NO, NO_RELATION, EQUALS_SELECT, SQL_GB_COLLATE
OJ_CAPABILITIES	The supported varieties of outer joins supported.	NO, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL, INNER, NOT_ORDERED, ALL_COMPARISON_OPS
OUTER_JOINS	Whether outer joins are supported.	YES, NO
SUBQUERIES	Whether subqueries are supported, and, if so, the degree of support.	NO, COMPARISON, EXISTS, IN, CORRELATED_SUBQUERIES, QUANTIFIED
STRING_FUNCTIONS	Supported string functions.	LENGTH, CHAR, LOCATE, REPLACE, SUBSTRING, RTRIM, LTRIM, RIGHT, LEFT, UCASE, SPACE, SOUNDEX, LCASE, CONCAT, ASCII, REPEAT, OCTET, BIT, POSITION, INSERT, TRIM, UPPER, REGEXP, LOWER, DIFFERENCE, CHARACTER, SUBSTR, STR, REVERSE, PLAN, UUIDTOSTR, TRANSLATE, TRAILING, TO, STUFF, STRTOUUID, STRING, SPLIT, SORTKEY, SIMILAR, REPLICATE, PATINDEX, LPAD, LEN, LEADING, KEY, INSTR, INSERTSTR, HTML, GRAPHICAL, CONVERT, COLLATION, CHARINDEX, BYTE
NUMERIC_FUNCTIONS	Supported numeric functions.	ABS, ACOS, ASIN, ATAN, ATAN2, CEILING, COS, COT, EXP, FLOOR, LOG, MOD, SIGN, SIN, SQRT, TAN, PI, RAND, DEGREES, LOG10, POWER, RADIANS, ROUND, TRUNCATE
TIMEDATE_FUNCTIONS	Supported date/time functions.	NOW, CURDATE, DAYOFMONTH, DAYOFWEEK, DAYOFYEAR, MONTH, QUARTER, WEEK, YEAR, CURTIME, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, TIMESTAMPADD, TIMESTAMPDIFF, DAYNAME, MONTHNAME, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, EXTRACT
REPLICATION_SKIP_TABLES	Indicates tables skipped during replication.
REPLICATION_TIMECHECK_COLUMNS	A string array containing a list of columns which will be used to check for (in the given order) to use as a modified column during replication.
IDENTIFIER_PATTERN	String value indicating what string is valid for an identifier.
SUPPORT_TRANSACTION	Indicates if the provider supports transactions such as commit and rollback.	YES, NO
DIALECT	Indicates the SQL dialect to use.
KEY_PROPERTIES	Indicates the properties which identify the uniform database.
SUPPORTS_MULTIPLE_SCHEMAS	Indicates if multiple schemas may exist for the provider.	YES, NO
SUPPORTS_MULTIPLE_CATALOGS	Indicates if multiple catalogs may exist for the provider.	YES, NO
DATASYNCVERSION	The CData Data Sync version needed to access this driver.	Standard, Starter, Professional, Enterprise
DATASYNCCATEGORY	The CData Data Sync category of this driver.	Source, Destination, Cloud Destination
SUPPORTSENHANCEDSQL	Whether enhanced SQL functionality beyond what is offered by the API is supported.	TRUE, FALSE
SUPPORTS_BATCH_OPERATIONS	Whether batch operations are supported.	YES, NO
SQL_CAP	All supported SQL capabilities for this driver.	SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, TRANSACTIONS, ORDERBY, OAUTH, ASSIGNEDID, LIMIT, LIKE, BULKINSERT, COUNT, BULKDELETE, BULKUPDATE, GROUPBY, HAVING, AGGS, OFFSET, REPLICATE, COUNTDISTINCT, JOINS, DROP, CREATE, DISTINCT, INNERJOINS, SUBQUERIES, ALTER, MULTIPLESCHEMAS, GROUPBYNORELATION, OUTERJOINS, UNIONALL, UNION, UPSERT, GETDELETED, CROSSJOINS, GROUPBYCOLLATE, MULTIPLECATS, FULLOUTERJOIN, MERGE, JSONEXTRACT, BULKUPSERT, SUM, SUBQUERIESFULL, MIN, MAX, JOINSFULL, XMLEXTRACT, AVG, MULTISTATEMENTS, FOREIGNKEYS, CASE, LEFTJOINS, COMMAJOINS, WITH, LITERALS, RENAME, NESTEDTABLES, EXECUTE, BATCH, BASIC, INDEX
PREFERRED_CACHE_OPTIONS	A string value specifies the preferred cacheOptions.
ENABLE_EF_ADVANCED_QUERY	Indicates if the driver directly supports advanced queries coming from Entity Framework. If not, queries will be handled client side.	YES, NO
PSEUDO_COLUMNS	A string array indicating the available pseudo columns.
MERGE_ALWAYS	If the value is true, The Merge Mode is forcibly executed in Data Sync.	TRUE, FALSE
REPLICATION_MIN_DATE_QUERY	A select query to return the replicate start datetime.
REPLICATION_MIN_FUNCTION	Allows a provider to specify the formula name to use for executing a server side min.
REPLICATION_START_DATE	Allows a provider to specify a replicate startdate.
REPLICATION_MAX_DATE_QUERY	A select query to return the replicate end datetime.
REPLICATION_MAX_FUNCTION	Allows a provider to specify the formula name to use for executing a server side max.
IGNORE_INTERVALS_ON_INITIAL_REPLICATE	A list of tables which will skip dividing the replicate into chunks on the initial replicate.
CHECKCACHE_USE_PARENTID	Indicates whether the CheckCache statement should be done against the parent key column.	TRUE, FALSE
CREATE_SCHEMA_PROCEDURES	Indicates stored procedures that can be used for generating schema files.

The following query retrieves the operators that can be used in the WHERE clause:

SELECT * FROM sys_sqlinfo WHERE Name = 'SUPPORTED_OPERATORS'

Note that individual tables may have different limitations or requirements on the WHERE clause; refer to the Data Model section for more information.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
NAME	String	A component of SQL syntax, or a capability that can be processed on the server.
VALUE	String	Detail on the supported SQL or SQL syntax.

Returns information about attempted modifications.

The following query retrieves the Ids of the modified rows in a batch operation:

         SELECT * FROM sys_identity
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id	String	The database-generated Id returned from a data modification operation.
Batch	String	An identifier for the batch. 1 for a single operation.
Operation	String	The result of the operation in the batch: INSERTED, UPDATED, or DELETED.
Message	String	SUCCESS or an error message if the update in the batch failed.

Describes the available system information.

The following query retrieves all columns:

SELECT * FROM sys_information

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Product	String	The name of the product.
Version	String	The version number of the product.
Datasource	String	The name of the datasource the product connects to.
NodeId	String	The unique identifier of the machine where the product is installed.
HelpURL	String	The URL to the product's help documentation.
License	String	The license information for the product. (If this information is not available, the field may be left blank or marked as 'N/A'.)
Location	String	The file path location where the product's library is stored.
Environment	String	The version of the environment or rumtine the product is currently running under.
DataSyncVersion	String	The tier of CData Sync required to use this connector.
DataSyncCategory	String	The category of CData Sync functionality (e.g., Source, Destination).

The connection string properties are the various options that can be used to establish a connection. This section provides a complete list of the options you can configure in the connection string for this provider. Click the links for further details.

For more information on establishing a connection, see Establishing a Connection.

Authentication

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	The scheme used for authentication. Accepted entries are None, and Negotiate (Kerberos). None is the default.
Host	This property specifies the host of your HDFS installation.
Port	This property specifies the port of your HDFS installation.
User	The user name to login to the HDFS server.
Password	The password used to authenticate to the HDFS server. Only used when Kerberos authentication is selected.
AccessToken	The HDFS Access Token.
UseSSL	This field sets whether SSL is enabled.

Connection

---

Property	Description
Path	This property specifies the HDFS path which will be used as the working directory.
DirectoryRetrievalDepth	Limit the subfolders recursively scanned.

SSL

---

Property	Description
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Logging

---

Property	Description
Verbosity	Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Schema

---

Property	Description
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .

Miscellaneous

---

Property	Description
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
PseudoColumns	Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.
ThrowsKeyNotFound	Specifies whether or not throws an exception if there is no rows updated.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error.

This section provides a complete list of the Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	The scheme used for authentication. Accepted entries are None, and Negotiate (Kerberos). None is the default.
Host	This property specifies the host of your HDFS installation.
Port	This property specifies the port of your HDFS installation.
User	The user name to login to the HDFS server.
Password	The password used to authenticate to the HDFS server. Only used when Kerberos authentication is selected.
AccessToken	The HDFS Access Token.
UseSSL	This field sets whether SSL is enabled.

The scheme used for authentication. Accepted entries are None, and Negotiate (Kerberos). None is the default.

Possible Values

None, Negotiate, Token

Data Type

string

Default Value

"None"

Remarks

This field is used to authenticate against the server. Use the following options to select your authentication scheme:

• None: Set this to use anonymous authentication and connect to the HDFS data source without specifying the user credentials.
• Negotiate: If AuthScheme is set to Negotiate, the Cloud will negotiate an authentication mechanism with the server. Set AuthScheme to Negotiate if you want to use Kerberos authentication.
• Token: Set this to authenticate using an AccessToken.

This property specifies the host of your HDFS installation.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property specifies the host of your HDFS installation.

This property specifies the port of your HDFS installation.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"9870"

Remarks

This property specifies the port of your HDFS installation.

The user name to login to the HDFS server.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The user name to login to the HDFS server. If AuthScheme=None, it is used as the authenticated user. If AuthScheme=Negotiate, it is used in the Kerberos Authentication as a client principal.

The password used to authenticate to the HDFS server. Only used when Kerberos authentication is selected.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The password used to authenticate to the HDFS server. Only used when Kerberos authentication is selected.

The HDFS Access Token.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The HDFS Access Token used to authenticate the requests.

This field sets whether SSL is enabled.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

This field sets whether the Cloud will attempt to negotiate TLS/SSL connections to the server. By default, the Cloud checks the server's certificate against the system's trusted certificate store. To specify another certificate, set SSLServerCert.

This section provides a complete list of the Connection properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
Path	This property specifies the HDFS path which will be used as the working directory.
DirectoryRetrievalDepth	Limit the subfolders recursively scanned.

This property specifies the HDFS path which will be used as the working directory.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property specifies the HDFS path which will be used as the working directory. Used in views Files and Permissions.

Limit the subfolders recursively scanned.

Data Type

int

Default Value

-1

Remarks

DirectoryRetrievalDepth specifies how many subfolders will be recursively scanned before stopping. -1 specifies that all subfolders are scanned. 0 specifies that only the current folder will be scanned for items.

This section provides a complete list of the SSL properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

If you are using a TLS/SSL connection, use this property to specify the TLS/SSL certificate to be accepted from the server. If you specify a value for this property, all other certificates that are not trusted by the machine are rejected.

This property can take the following forms:

Description	Example
A full PEM Certificate (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIChTCCAe4CAQAwDQYJKoZIhv......Qw== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
A path to a local file containing the certificate	C:\cert.cer
The public key (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSq......AQAB -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
The MD5 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated)	ecadbdda5a1529c58a1e9e09828d70e4
The SHA1 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated)	34a929226ae0819f2ec14b4a3d904f801cbb150d

Note: It is possible to use '*' to signify that all certificates should be accepted, but due to security concerns this is not recommended.

This section provides a complete list of the Logging properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
Verbosity	Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"1"

Remarks

This property defines the level of detail the Cloud includes in the log file. Higher verbosity levels increase the detail of the logged information, but may also result in larger log files and slower performance due to the additional data being captured.

The default verbosity level is 1, which is recommended for regular operation. Higher verbosity levels are primarily intended for debugging purposes. For more information on each level, refer to Logging.

When combined with the LogModules property, Verbosity can refine logging to specific categories of information.

This section provides a complete list of the Schema properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .

Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

Listing all available database schemas can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of schemas in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

This section provides a complete list of the Miscellaneous properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
PseudoColumns	Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.
ThrowsKeyNotFound	Specifies whether or not throws an exception if there is no rows updated.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error.

Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.

Data Type

int

Default Value

-1

Remarks

The default value for this property, -1, means that no row limit is enforced unless the query explicitly includes a LIMIT clause. (When a query includes a LIMIT clause, the value specified in the query takes precedence over the MaxRows setting.)

Setting MaxRows to a whole number greater than 0 ensures that queries do not return excessively large result sets by default.

This property is useful for optimizing performance and preventing excessive resource consumption when executing queries that could otherwise return very large datasets.

Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property allows you to define which pseudocolumns the Cloud exposes as table columns.

To specify individual pseudocolumns, use the following format:

Table1=Column1;Table1=Column2;Table2=Column3

To include all pseudocolumns for all tables use:

*=*

Specifies whether or not throws an exception if there is no rows updated.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

Specifies whether or not throws an exception if there is no rows updated.

Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error.

Data Type

int

Default Value

60

Remarks

The timeout applies to each individual communication with the server rather than the entire query or operation. For example, a query could continue running beyond 60 seconds if each paging call completes within the timeout limit.

Timeout is set to 60 seconds by default. To disable timeouts, set this property to 0.

Disabling the timeout allows operations to run indefinitely until they succeed or fail due to other conditions such as server-side timeouts, network interruptions, or resource limits on the server.

Note: Use this property cautiously to avoid long-running operations that could degrade performance or result in unresponsive behavior.

LZMA from 7Zip LZMA SDK

LZMA SDK is placed in the public domain.

Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute the original LZMA SDK code, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.

LZMA2 from XZ SDK

Version 1.9 and older are in the public domain.

Xamarin.Forms

Xamarin SDK

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