Adding a Connection to Amazon Redshift

To add a connection to Amazon Redshift:

1. In the application console, navigate to the Connections page.
2. At the Add Connections panel, select the icon for the connection you want to add.
3. If the Amazon Redshift icon is not available, click the Add More icon to download and install the Amazon Redshift connector from the CData site.

For required properties, see the Settings tab.

For connection properties that are not typically required, see the Advanced tab.

Connecting to Amazon Redshift

The following connection properties are usually required to connect to Amazon Redshift.

• Server: The host name or IP of the server hosting the Amazon Redshift database.
• Database: The database that you created for your Amazon Redshift cluster.
• Port (optional): The port of the server hosting the Amazon Redshift database. 5439 by default.

Follow these steps to obtain these values in the AWS Management Console:

1. Open the Amazon Redshift console (http://console.aws.amazon.com/redshift).
2. On the Clusters page, click the name of the cluster.
3. On the Configuration tab, obtain the properties from the "Cluster Database Properties" section. The connection property values are the same as the values set in the ODBC URL.

The Sync App provides secure communication with Amazon Redshift server using SSL encryption. You can optionally turn off SSL encryption by setting UseSSL to false.

You can also leverage SSL authentication to connect to Amazon Redshift data. To do so, specify the following connection properties:

• SSLClientCert: Set this to the name of the certificate store for the client certificate. This is used in the case of 2-way SSL, where truststore and keystore are kept on both the client and server machines.
• SSLClientCertPassword: If a client certificate store is password-protected, set this value to the store's password.
• SSLClientCertSubject: The subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate. This is used to locate the certificate in the store.
• SSLClientCertType: The certificate type of the client store.
• SSLServerCert: The certificate to be accepted from the server.

The following is the example connection string to connect Amazon Redshift using a standard user and password pair and inactive SSL encryption:

User=username;Password=password;Server=example.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com;Database=your_database;UseSSL=false;"

Authenticating to Amazon Redshift

Azure Active Directory

Prerequisites

• Only non-B2C Azure tenants can complete the Azure AD authentication scheme.
• You must have an active Azure AD account. If you do not have an active account, create one before beginning this process.

Authentication

To authenticate to Azure AD, you must complete these tasks:

1. Create and Register an OAuth Application
2. Create and Configure a Redshift Client Application
3. Define a New Identity Provider
4. Specify Connection Properties

The following sections describe these tasks in detail.

Create and Register an OAuth Application

Follow these steps to create an OAuth app for logging into your Amazon Redshift database via Azure:

1. On the Azure Active Directory Overview page, in the left navigation bar, select App registrations.
2. Click New registrations at the top of the App registrations page.
3. On the Register an app page, fill in your details and click Register at the bottom of the page. Save your CallbackURL property value.
4. After the creation of the application, you are brought to its Overview page. From there, in the left navigation bar:
   1. Click Certificates & secrets.
   2. Click New client secret.
   3. In the Add a client secret window, supply your details and click Add at the bottom of the window.
   4. Save your OAuthClientSecret (the Value field of the OAuth secret that is displayed).

5. From the newly registered application, click Expose an API in the left navigation bar.
6. Next to the App ID URI, click Set.
7. The Set the App ID URI dialog appears with the information filled in from registering. Click Save.
8. Click Add a scope.
9. Fill in your details and click Add scope at the bottom of the form.

Create and Configure a Redshift Client Application

Follow these steps to create another application, which serves as the client application for your Amazon Redshift database:

1. Navigate to the Azure Active Directory management page and click App registrations.
2. Click New registrations at the top of the page.
3. On the Register an application page, fill in your details and click Register at the bottom of the page.
4. Following the creation of the app, you are sent to its Overview page. From there, in the left navigation bar:
   1. Click Certificates & secrets.
   2. Click New client secret.
   3. In the Add a client secret window, supply your details and click Add at the bottom of the window.
   4. Save your OAuthClientSecret (the Value field of the OAuth secret that is displayed).

5. In the left navigation bar of the client app's management page:
   1. Click API permissions.
   2. Click Add a permission.
   3. Choose Microsoft Graph API.
   4. Click Application permissions.
   5. Select Directory > "Directory.Read.All".
   6. Click Add at the bottom.
   7. Click Grant admin consent.
   8. Click Yes.

6. In the Azure Active Directory left navigation bar:
   1. Click Groups.
   2. On the Groups page, click New group and fill in the details.
   3. Click No owners selected.
   4. The Add owners window appears. Select the user.
   5. Click Create.

Define a New Identity Provider

Follow these steps to define a new Identify Provider:

1. In the Azure Active Directory Overviewpage:
   1. Select App registrations from the left navigation pane.
   2. Select the All applications tab and choose your first OAuth application.

2. In the left navigation bar on the OAuth page, click Manifest. Search in the editor for the accessTokenAcceptedVersion. If the value is null, it is a v1.0 token. If the value is set to 2, this is a v2.0 token.
3. From the Amazon Redshift instance's query box, submit the identity provider query, following the example below:
   

       CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER oauth_standard TYPE azure
       NAMESPACE 'mynamespace'
       PARAMETERS '{
       "issuer":"https://sts.windows.net/your_tenant_here/",
       "client_id":"YourClientId",
       "client_secret":"YourClientSecret",
       "audience":["your_application_id_uri_here"]
       }' 

   Terminology Guide:

   • Your issuer ID: The issuer ID to trust when a token is received. The unique identifier for the tenant_id is appended to the issuer. If using a v1.0 token, use https://sts.windows.net/<your_tenant_id_here>/. If using a v2.0 token, use https://login.microsoftonline.com/<your_tenant_id_here>/v2.0.
   • Your client_id: The unique, public identifier of the application registered with the identity provider. This is referred to as the application ID. It is the clien ID generated for the second application (the Amazon Redshift client application).
   • Your client_secret: A secret identifier, or password, known only to the identity provider and the registered application. This is the secret generated for the second application (the Amazon Redshift application).
   • audience: The Application ID (URI) assigned to the first application (the OAuth application).

   You can use any name you like for the NAMESPACE.

4. In Amazon Redshift, place the CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER query (like above example) into the query text box.
5. Click Run at the bottom of the query box.
6. In the query text box, create a role on the Redshift database in this format:
   

   create role "mynamespace:myazuregroup";

   Replace with your identity provider's namespace provided in the CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER query and the name of Azure group that you created earlier. Click Run at the bottom of the query box.
7. In the query text box, grant table access to this new role as follows:
   

   grant select on all tables in schema public to role "mynamespace:myazuregroup";

8. Replace the above example with your namespace and Azure group name.
9. Click Run at the bottom of the query box.

Set Connection Properties

Specify the following connection properties:

• AuthScheme: Set this to AzureAD.
• Server: Set this to the name of your Amazon Redshift server endpoint.
• Database: Set this to the name of your Amazon Redshift database that you would like to connect to.
• User: Set this to the name of the authenticating Amazon Redshift user.
• AzureTenant: Set this to the ID of the Azure Tenant that your OAuth and client apps were created under. Find this in the Overview page of one of the apps under Directory (tenant) ID.
• SSOLoginURL: Set this to the value of the Application ID URI, visible on the Overview page of your OAuth app.
• Scope: For v1.0 OAuth tokens, set this to the Scopes field in the Expose an API page of your OAuth app. For v2.0 OAuth tokens, this will be the same as the OAuth app's Client ID.
• OAuthClientID: Set this to the first OAuth application client ID in the Overview page of the Amazon Redshift client application that you created.
• OAuthClientSecret: For your first OAuth application, set this to the Value of the OAuth client secret from the client application's Certificates & secrets page.
• CallbackURL: Set this to the callback URL of the OAuth app.

Troubleshooting Note If you encounter an "Azure JWT token does not have 'upn' field" error, follow these steps:

1. On the Azure Active Directory management page, navigate to App Registrations and select your OAuth application.
2. Click Token configuration in the left navigation bar.
3. Click Add optional claim.
4. In the Add optional claim screen, under Token type, click Access.
5. Under the Claim column, select upn.
6. Click Add at the bottom.
7. Select Turn on the Microsoft Graph profile permission (required for claims to appear in the token).
8. Click Add.
9. Repeat this process for the client app.
10. Attempt the connection again.

Azure Active Directory PKCE

To authenticate via Azure AD PKCE, you must complete the following tasks:

1. Create and Register an OAuth Application
2. Create and Configure a Redshift Client Application
3. Define a New Identity Provider
4. Specify Connection Properties

The following sections describe these tasks in detail.

Create and Register an OAuth Application

Follow these steps to create an OAuth application for logging into your Amazon Redshift database via Azure:

1. On the Azure Active Directory Overview page, in the left navigation bar, Click App registrations.
2. Click New registrations at the top of the App registrations page.
3. On the Register an application page, fill in your details:
   1. For Name, enter a name (for example, "oauth_application").
   2. For Redirect URI, choose Public client/native (mobile and desktop) and enter a valid URL (for example, http://localhost:33333/).

4. Click Register at the bottom of the page. Save the CallbackURL property value.
5. From the newly registered application, click Expose an API in the left navigation bar.
6. Next to the Application ID URI, click Set.
7. The Set the App ID URI dialog appears with the information filled in your registration. Click Save.
8. Click Add a scope.
9. Fill in your details and click Add scope at the bottom of the form.
10. Save the generated Application ID URI and the API scope; for example, api://6256f0b1-2284-43e4-8501-6e53dec4444f and api://6256f0b1-2284-43e4-8501-6e53dec4444f/jdbc_login.

Create and Configure a Redshift Client Application

Follow these steps to create another application, which serves as the client application for your Amazon Redshift database:

1. On the Azure Active Directory Overview page, select App registrations from the left navigation bar.
2. At the top of the App registrations page, click New registrations.
3. On the Register an application page, fill in your details and click Register at the bottom of the page.
4. After the creation of the application, you are brought to its Overview page. From there, in the left navigation bar:
   1. Click Certificates & secrets.
   2. Click New client secret.
   3. In the Add a client secret window, add your details and click Add at the bottom of the window.
   4. Save your OAuthClientSecret (the Value field of the OAuth secret that is displayed).

5. In the left navigation bar of the client app's management page:
   1. Click API permissions.
   2. Click Add a permission.
   3. Choose Microsoft Graph API.
   4. Click Application permissions.
   5. Select Directory > "Directory.Read.All".
   6. Click Add at the bottom.
   7. Click Grant admin consent
   8. Click Yes.

6. In the Azure Active Directory left navigation bar:
   1. Click Groups.
   2. On the Groups page, click New group and fill in the details.
   3. Click No owners selected.
   4. The Add owners window appears. Select the user.
   5. Click Create.

Define a New Identity Provider

Follow these steps to define a new Identity Provider:

1. In the Azure Active Directory left navigation bar, click App registrations.
2. Select the All applications tab and choose your first OAuth application.
3. On the OAuth screen, in the left navigation bar, click Manifest. Look in the editor for the accessTokenAcceptedVersion. If the value is null or 1, it is a v1.0 token. If the value is 2, this is a v2.0 token.
4. From the Amazon Redshift instance's query box, submit the identity provider query, following the example below:
   

       CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER oauth_standard TYPE azure
       NAMESPACE 'mynamespace'
       PARAMETERS '{
       "issuer":"https://sts.windows.net/your_tenant_here/",
       "client_id":"YourRedshiftApplicationClientId",
       "client_secret":"YourRedshiftApplicationClientSecret"
       ,"audience":["your_oauth_application_id_uri_here"]
       }'

   For a v2.0 token issuer the value should be:
   

       "issuer":"https://login.microsoftonline.com/your_tenant_here/v2.0",

5. Terminology Guide:
   1. Your issuer ID: The issuer ID to trust when a token is received. The unique identifier for the tenant_id is appended to the issuer. If you are using a v1.0 token, specify https://sts.windows.net<your_tenant_id_here>. If you are using a v2.0 token, specify https://login.microsoftonline.com<your_tenant_id_here>/v2.0..
   2. Your client_id: The unique, public identifier of the application registered with the identity provider. This is referred to as the application ID. It is the client ID generated for the second application (the Amazon Redshift application).
   3. Your client_secret: A secret identifier, or password, known only to the identity provider and the registered application. This is the secret generated for the second application (the Amazon Redshift application).
   4. audience: The Application ID (URI) assigned to the first application (the OAuth application).
   5. You can use any name you like for the namespace.

6. In Amazon Redshift, place the CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER query (like the above example) into the query text box.
7. Click Run at the bottom of the query box.
8. In the query text box, create a role on the Redshift database in this format:
   

   create role "mynamespace:myazuregroup";

9. Replace with your identity provider's namespace provided in the CREATE IDENTITY PROVIDER query and the name of the Azure group you created earlier.
10. Click Run at the bottom of the query box.
11. In the query text box, grant table access to this new role as follows:
    

    grant select on all tables in schema public to role "mynamespace:myazuregroup";

12. Replace the above example with your namespace and Azure group name.
13. Click Run at the bottom of the query box.

Set Connection Properties

After finishing the above configuration, specify the following properties in the driver to connect to amazon Redshift:

• AuthScheme: Set this to AzureADPKCE.
• Server: Set this to the name of your Amazon Redshift server endpoint.
• Database: Set this to the name of your Amazon Redshift database that you want to connect to.
• Scope: For v1.0 OAuth tokens, set this to the Scopes field in the Expose an API page of your OAuth application (for example,api://d3cb3521-6c20-4e41-b16d-e48c8444ee11/jdbc_login). For v2.0 OAuth tokens, this is the same as the OAuth app's Client ID (for example, d3cb3521-6c20-4e41-b16d-e48c8444ee11).
• OAuthClientID: Set this to the Application (client) ID in the Overview page of the OAuth application you created.6.
• CallbackURL: Set this to the callback URL of the OAuth app.

Troubleshooting Note

If you encounter an "Azure JWT token does not have 'upn' field" error, follow these steps:

1. On the Azure Active Directory management page, navigate to App Registrations and select your OAuth application.
2. Select Token configuration > Add Optional claim in the left navigation bar.
3. In the Add optional claim screen, under "Token type", click Access.
4. Under the Claim column, select upn.
5. Click Add at the bottom.
6. Select Turn on the Microsoft Graph profile permission, which is required for claims to appear in the token.
7. Click Add.
8. Repeat this process for the client app.
9. Attempt the connection again.

Standard Authentication

Set the AuthScheme to Basic to connect to Amazon Redshift with login credentials. In addition, set the following connection properties:

• User: The user which will be used to authenticate with the Amazon Redshift server.
• Password: The password which will be used to authenticate with the Amazon Redshift server.

The following is an example connection string:

AuthScheme=Basic;User=user;Password=password;Server=example.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com;Database=your_database;

IAM credentials

Set the AuthScheme to IAMCredentials. The following is an example connection string:

AuthScheme=IAMCredentials;Server=example.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com;Database=your_database;User=your_user;AWSAccessKey=your_access_key;AWSSecretKey=your_secretkey;

If you are connecting IAM role with temporary credentials you are also required to apply AWSSessionToken.

You can optionally apply:

• AutoCreate: Create a database user with the name specified for User if one does not exist while connecting.
• DbGroups: Database groups the database user joins for the current session.

ADFS

To connect to ADFS, set the AuthScheme to ADFS, and set these properties:

• User: The ADFS user.
• Password: The ADFS user's password.
• SSOLoginURL: The SSO provider's login url.

Example connection string:

AuthScheme=ADFS;User=username;Password=password;SSOLoginURL='https://sts.company.com';

ADFS Integrated

The ADFS Integrated flow indicates you are connecting with the currently logged in Windows user credentials. To use the ADFS Integrated flow, do not specify the User and Password, but otherwise follow the same steps in the ADFS guide above.

To connect to PingFederate, set AuthScheme to PingFederate, and set these properties:

• User: The PingFederate user.
• Password: The PingFederate user's password.
• SSOLoginURL: The SSO provider's login url.
• AWSRoleARN (optional): If you have multiple role ARNs, specify the one you want to use for authorization.
• AWSPrincipalARN (optional): If you have multiple principal ARNs, specify the one you want to use for authorization.
• SSOProperties (optional): Authscheme=Basic if you want to include your username and password as an authorization header in requests to Amazon S3.

To enable mutual SSL authentication for SSOLoginURL, the WS-Trust STS endpoint, configure these SSOProperties:

• SSLClientCert
• SSLClientCertType
• SSLClientCertSubject
• SSLClientCertPassword

Example connection string:

Server=redshift-cluster-1.xxxxxxxxxxxx.us-east-1.redshift.amazonaws.com;Database=dev;Port=5439;UseSSL=true;SSLServerCert=*;AuthScheme=PingFederate;AutoCreate=TRUE;SSOLoginURL=https://mycustomserver.com:9033/idp/sts.wst;SSOExchangeUrl=https://us-east-1.signin.aws.amazon.com/platform/saml/acs/764ef411-xxxxxx;User=admin;Password=PassValue;AWSRegion=NORTHERNVIRGINIA;

This section details a selection of advanced features of the Amazon Redshift Sync App.

SSL Configuration

Use SSL Configuration to adjust how Sync App handles TLS/SSL certificate negotiations. You can choose from various certificate formats;. For further information, see the SSLServerCert property under "Connection String Options" .

Firewall and Proxy

Configure the Sync App for compliance with Firewall and Proxy, including Windows proxies. You can also set up tunnel connections.

Logging

For an overview of configuration settings that can be used to refine CData logging, see Logging. Only two connection properties are required for basic logging, but there are numerous features that support more refined logging, which enables you to use the LogModules connection property to specify subsets of information to be logged.

Customizing the SSL Configuration

By default, the Sync App attempts to negotiate TLS with the server. The server certificate is validated against the default system trusted certificate store. You can override how the certificate gets validated using the SSLServerCert connection property.

To specify another certificate, see the SSLServerCert connection property.

Client SSL Certificates

The Amazon Redshift Sync App also supports setting client certificates. Set the following to connect using a client certificate.

• SSLClientCert: The name of the certificate store for the client certificate.
• SSLClientCertType: The type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate.
• SSLClientCertPassword: The password for the TLS/SSL client certificate.
• SSLClientCertSubject: The subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate.

Connecting Through a Firewall or Proxy

Set the following properties:

• To use a proxy-based firewall, set FirewallType, FirewallServer, and FirewallPort.
• To tunnel the connection, set FirewallType to TUNNEL.
• To authenticate, specify FirewallUser and FirewallPassword.
• To authenticate to a SOCKS proxy, additionally set FirewallType to SOCKS5.

Data Type Mappings

The Sync App maps types from the data source to the corresponding data type available in the schema. The table below documents these mappings.

Amazon Redshift	CData Schema
abstime	string
aclitem	string
bigint	long
bigserial	long
bit varying	string
bit	string
boolean	bool
box	string
bytea	binary
char	string
character varying	string
character	string
cid	string
cidr	string
circle	string
date	date
daterange	string
double precision	float
gtsvector	string
inet	string
int2vector	string
int4range	string
int8range	string
integer	int
json	string
jsonb	binary
line	string
lseg	string
macaddr8	string
macaddr	string
money	decimal
name	string
numeric	decimal
numrange	string
oid	string
oidvector	string
path	string
pg_dependencies	string
pg_lsn	string
pg_ndistinct	string
pg_node_tree	string
point	string
polygon	string
real	float
refcursor	string
regclass	string
regconfig	string
regdictionary	string
regnamespace	string
regoper	string
regoperator	string
regproc	string
regprocedure	string
regrole	string
regtype	string
reltime	string
serial	int
smallint	int
smallserial	int
smgr	string
text	string
tid	string
time with time zone	string
time without time zone	time
timestamp with time zone	datetime
timestamp without time zone	datetime
tinterval	string
tsquery	string
tsrange	string
tstzrange	string
tsvector	string
txid_snapshot	string
uuid	string
xid	string
xml	string

The connection string properties are the various options that can be used to establish a connection. This section provides a complete list of the options you can configure in the connection string for this provider. Click the links for further details.

For more information on establishing a connection, see Establishing a Connection.

Authentication

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	The type of authentication to use when connecting to Amazon Redshift.
Server	The host name or IP address of the Amazon Redshift cluster.
Port	The port number of the Amazon Redshift server.
Database	The name of the Amazon Redshift database.
User	Specifies the user ID of the authenticating Amazon Redshift user account.
Password	Specifies the password of the authenticating user account.
UseSSL	This field sets whether SSL is enabled.
Visibility	Filters metadata for the user's permitted tables as a comma-separated list of queries. For example, to restrict visibility for SELECT and INSERT queries, specify 'SELECT,INSERT'. Permitted values: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

AWS Authentication

---

Property	Description
AWSAccessKey	Your AWS account access key or the access key for an authorized IAM user.
AWSSecretKey	Your AWS account secret key or the secret key for an authorized IAM user.
AutoCreate	Specify true to create a database user with the name specified for User if one does not exist while connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
DbGroups	A comma-delimited list of the names of one or more existing database groups the database user joins for the current session when connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
AWSRoleARN	The Amazon Resource Name of the role to use when authenticating.
AWSPrincipalARN	The ARN of the SAML Identity provider in your AWS account.
AWSRegion	The hosting region for your Amazon Web Services.
AWSSessionToken	Your AWS session token.

Azure Authentication

---

Property	Description
AzureTenant	Identifies the Amazon Redshift tenant being used to access data, either by name (for example, contoso.omnicrosoft.com) or ID. (Conditional).

SSO

---

Property	Description
SSOLoginURL	The identity provider's login URL.
SSOProperties	Additional properties required to connect to the identity provider, formatted as a semicolon-separated list.
SSOExchangeUrl	The URL used for consuming the SAML response and exchanging it for service specific credentials.

OAuth

---

Property	Description
OAuthClientId	Specifies the client Id that was assigned the custom OAuth application was created. (Also known as the consumer key.) This ID registers the custom application with the OAuth authorization server.
OAuthClientSecret	Specifies the client secret that was assigned when the custom OAuth application was created. (Also known as the consumer secret ). This secret registers the custom application with the OAuth authorization server.
Scope	Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application. Generally specified at the time the custom OAuth application is created (if necessary), so that the authenticating user can obtain the the level of access appropriate to their credentials.

SSL

---

Property	Description
SSLClientCert	Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.
SSLClientCertType	Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.
SSLClientCertPassword	Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.
SSLClientCertSubject	Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

SSH

---

Property	Description
SSHAuthMode	The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service.
SSHClientCert	A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser.
SSHClientCertPassword	The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one.
SSHClientCertSubject	The subject of the SSH client certificate.
SSHClientCertType	The type of SSHClientCert private key.
SSHServer	The SSH server.
SSHPort	The SSH port.
SSHUser	The SSH user.
SSHPassword	The SSH password.
SSHServerFingerprint	The SSH server fingerprint.
UseSSH	Whether to tunnel the Amazon Redshift connection over SSH. Use SSH.

Firewall

---

Property	Description
FirewallType	Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall.
FirewallServer	Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources.
FirewallPort	Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall.
FirewallUser	Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.
FirewallPassword	Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.

Proxy

---

Property	Description
ProxyAutoDetect	Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server.
ProxyServer	The hostname or IP address of the proxy server that you want to route HTTP traffic through.
ProxyPort	The TCP port on your specified proxy server (set in the ProxyServer connection property) that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client.
ProxyAuthScheme	Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
ProxyUser	The username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
ProxyPassword	The password associated with the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property.
ProxySSLType	The SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
ProxyExceptions	A semicolon separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property.

Logging

---

Property	Description
LogModules	Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged.

Schema

---

Property	Description
Location	Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path.
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
Tables	Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC .
Views	Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC .
IgnoredSchemas	Visibility restriction filter which is used to hide the list of schemas by metadata quering. For example, 'information_schema, pg_catalog'. Schema names are case sensitive.

Miscellaneous

---

Property	Description
AllowPreparedStatement	Prepare a query statement before its execution.
FetchResultSetMetadata	This field sets whether the provider retrieves metadata pertaining to the schema and table name for resultset columns returned by the server.
IncludeTableTypes	If set to true, the provider will query for the types of individual tables and views.
InsertMode	Specifies what method to use when inserting bulk data. By default DML mode is used.
IsServerless	The provider cannot detect endpoint to connect, if you are using a custom domain names for connections. Set this property to True when you are connecting to the Amazon Redshift serverless instance, as well specify the property AWSRegion in this case.
LZ4Compression	When set the driver notifies the server to compress data packets with lz4 compression algorithm.
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum rows returned for queries without aggregation or GROUP BY.
Other	Specifies additional hidden properties for specific use cases. These are not required for typical provider functionality. Use a semicolon-separated list to define multiple properties.
QueryPassthrough	This option passes the query to the Amazon Redshift server as is.
RedshiftToS3RoleARN	The Amazon Resource Name of the role to use when authenticating S3 with IAM role by the COPY command for the bulk inserts.
S3Bucket	Specifies the name of AWS S3 bucket to upload bulk data for staging.
S3BucketFolder	Specifies the name of the folder in AWS S3 bucket to upload bulk data for staging. By default bulk data are staged in the root folder.
StripOutNulls	When set the null characters are stripped out from character values in bulk operations.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error. The default is 60 seconds. Set to 0 to disable the timeout.
TimeZone	Set time zone for the current session.
UseUIDForStaging	Use this property in combination with InsertMode assigned with S3Staging or S3StagingWithIAM. By default the the driver creates staging files with names that prepend the targeted table's name, so the files are overwritten between sessions. When the property is set to True , the provider additionally attaches temporary unique identifiers to these names. It may be required if you use parallel jobs to insert rows into the same table. Thus, the staging files are not overwritten by the jobs. A caveat is that using this property adds to the number of staging files put onto S3 bucket, since the file names are not controlled by the driver between different sessions. In this case you may want to define an AWS S3 policy on the bucket to remove staging files that were stored in a bucket automatically.

This section provides a complete list of the Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
AuthScheme	The type of authentication to use when connecting to Amazon Redshift.
Server	The host name or IP address of the Amazon Redshift cluster.
Port	The port number of the Amazon Redshift server.
Database	The name of the Amazon Redshift database.
User	Specifies the user ID of the authenticating Amazon Redshift user account.
Password	Specifies the password of the authenticating user account.
UseSSL	This field sets whether SSL is enabled.
Visibility	Filters metadata for the user's permitted tables as a comma-separated list of queries. For example, to restrict visibility for SELECT and INSERT queries, specify 'SELECT,INSERT'. Permitted values: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

The type of authentication to use when connecting to Amazon Redshift.

Remarks

• Auto: Lets the driver decide automatically based on the other connection properties you have set.
• Basic: Set this to use BASIC user / password authentication.
• ADFS: Set this to perform Active Directory Federated Services authentication.
• PingFederate: Set this to use the PingFederate SSO identity provider in order to perform authentication.
• IAMCredentials: Set this to perform authentication with Redshift's GetClusterCredentials API.
• AzureAD: Set this to use Azure Active Directory OAuth authentication.
• AzureADPKCE: Set this to use native IdP federation with Microsoft Azure AD.

The host name or IP address of the Amazon Redshift cluster.

Remarks

The host name or IP of the Amazon Redshift cluster Database. You can obtain this value from the AWS Management Console:

1. Open the Amazon Redshift console (http://console.aws.amazon.com/redshift).
2. On the Clusters page, click the name of the cluster.
3. On the Configuration tab for the cluster, copy the cluster URL from the connection strings displayed.

The port number of the Amazon Redshift server.

Remarks

The port number of the Server hosting the Amazon Redshift Database. If not specified the default port number 5439 is used.

The name of the Amazon Redshift database.

Remarks

The database to connect to when connecting to the Amazon Redshift Server. If the database is not provided, the user's default database will be used.

Specifies the user ID of the authenticating Amazon Redshift user account.

Remarks

The authenticating server requires both User and Password to validate the user's identity.

Specifies the password of the authenticating user account.

Remarks

The authenticating server requires both User and Password to validate the user's identity.

This field sets whether SSL is enabled.

Remarks

This field sets whether the Sync App will attempt to negotiate TLS/SSL connections to the server. By default, the Sync App checks the server's certificate against the system's trusted certificate store. To specify another certificate, set SSLServerCert.

Filters metadata for the user's permitted tables as a comma-separated list of queries. For example, to restrict visibility for SELECT and INSERT queries, specify 'SELECT,INSERT'. Permitted values: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

Remarks

By default, visibility filtering is not applied. Filtering values are case insensitive.

This section provides a complete list of the AWS Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
AWSAccessKey	Your AWS account access key or the access key for an authorized IAM user.
AWSSecretKey	Your AWS account secret key or the secret key for an authorized IAM user.
AutoCreate	Specify true to create a database user with the name specified for User if one does not exist while connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
DbGroups	A comma-delimited list of the names of one or more existing database groups the database user joins for the current session when connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
AWSRoleARN	The Amazon Resource Name of the role to use when authenticating.
AWSPrincipalARN	The ARN of the SAML Identity provider in your AWS account.
AWSRegion	The hosting region for your Amazon Web Services.
AWSSessionToken	Your AWS session token.

Your AWS account access key or the access key for an authorized IAM user.

Remarks

To authorize Amazon Redshift requests, provide the credentials for an administrator account or for an IAM user with custom permissions. Set this property along with AWSSecretKey.

Note: Though you can connect as the AWS account administrator, it is recommended to use IAM user credentials to access AWS services.

Obtaining the Access Key

To obtain the credentials for an IAM user, follow the steps below:

1. Sign into the IAM console.
2. In the navigation pane, select Users.
3. To create or manage the access keys for a user, select the user and then select the Security Credentials tab.

To obtain the credentials for your AWS root account, follow the steps below:

1. Sign into the AWS Management console with the credentials for your root account.
2. Select your account name or number and select My Security Credentials in the menu that is displayed.
3. Click Continue to Security Credentials and expand the Access Keys section to manage or create root account access keys.

Your AWS account secret key or the secret key for an authorized IAM user.

Remarks

Your AWS account secret key or the secret key for an authorized IAM user. See AWSAccessKey to obtain the secret key and access key.

Specify true to create a database user with the name specified for User if one does not exist while connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .

Remarks

The default is false.

A comma-delimited list of the names of one or more existing database groups the database user joins for the current session when connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .

Remarks

The group names must match the dbgroup resources ARNs specified in the IAM policy attached to the IAM user or role.

By default, the new user is added only to PUBLIC.

The Amazon Resource Name of the role to use when authenticating.

Remarks

When authenticating outside of AWS, it is common to use a Role for authentication instead of your direct AWS account credentials. Entering the AWSRoleARN will cause the CData Sync App to perform a role based authentication instead of using the AWSAccessKey and AWSSecretKey directly. The AWSAccessKey and AWSSecretKey must still be specified to perform this authentication. You cannot use the credentials of an AWS root user when setting RoleARN. The AWSAccessKey and AWSSecretKey must be those of an IAM user.

The ARN of the SAML Identity provider in your AWS account.

Remarks

The ARN of the SAML Identity provider in your AWS account.

The hosting region for your Amazon Web Services.

Remarks

The hosting region for your Amazon Web Services. Available values are OHIO, NORTHERNVIRGINIA, NORTHERNCALIFORNIA, OREGON, CAPETOWN, HONGKONG, HYDERABAD, JAKARTA, MALAYSIA, MELBOURNE, MUMBAI, OSAKA, SEOUL, SINGAPORE, SYDNEY, TOKYO, CENTRAL, CALGARY, BEIJING, NINGXIA, FRANKFURT, IRELAND, LONDON, MILAN, PARIS, SPAIN, STOCKHOLM, ZURICH, TELAVIV, BAHRAIN, UAE, SAOPAULO, GOVCLOUDEAST, GOVCLOUDWEST, ISOLATEDUSEAST, ISOLATEDUSEASTB, ISOLATEDUSWEST, and ISOLATEDEUWEST.

Your AWS session token.

Remarks

Your AWS session token. This value can be retrieved in different ways. See this link for more info.

This section provides a complete list of the Azure Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
AzureTenant	Identifies the Amazon Redshift tenant being used to access data, either by name (for example, contoso.omnicrosoft.com) or ID. (Conditional).

Identifies the Amazon Redshift tenant being used to access data, either by name (for example, contoso.omnicrosoft.com) or ID. (Conditional).

Remarks

A tenant is a digital representation of your organization, primarily associated with a domain (for example, microsoft.com). The tenant is managed through a Tenant ID (also known as the directory ID), which is specified whenever you assign users permissions to access or manage Azure resources.

To locate the directory ID in the Azure Portal, navigate to Azure Active Directory > Properties.

Specifying AzureTenant is required when AuthScheme = either AzureServicePrincipal or AzureServicePrincipalCert, or if AuthScheme = AzureAD and the user belongs to more than one tenant.

This section provides a complete list of the SSO properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
SSOLoginURL	The identity provider's login URL.
SSOProperties	Additional properties required to connect to the identity provider, formatted as a semicolon-separated list.
SSOExchangeUrl	The URL used for consuming the SAML response and exchanging it for service specific credentials.

The identity provider's login URL.

Remarks

The identity provider's login URL.

Additional properties required to connect to the identity provider, formatted as a semicolon-separated list.

Remarks

Additional properties required to connect to the identity provider, formatted as a semicolon-separated list. This is used with the SSOLoginURL.

SSO configuration is discussed further in .

The URL used for consuming the SAML response and exchanging it for service specific credentials.

Remarks

The CData Sync App will use the URL specified here to consume a SAML response and exchange it for service specific credentials. The retrieved credentials are the final piece during the SSO connection that are used to communicate with Amazon Redshift.

This section provides a complete list of the OAuth properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
OAuthClientId	Specifies the client Id that was assigned the custom OAuth application was created. (Also known as the consumer key.) This ID registers the custom application with the OAuth authorization server.
OAuthClientSecret	Specifies the client secret that was assigned when the custom OAuth application was created. (Also known as the consumer secret ). This secret registers the custom application with the OAuth authorization server.
Scope	Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application. Generally specified at the time the custom OAuth application is created (if necessary), so that the authenticating user can obtain the the level of access appropriate to their credentials.

Specifies the client Id that was assigned the custom OAuth application was created. (Also known as the consumer key.) This ID registers the custom application with the OAuth authorization server.

Remarks

OAuthClientId is one of a handful of connection parameters that need to be set before users can authenticate via OAuth. For details, see Establishing a Connection.

Specifies the client secret that was assigned when the custom OAuth application was created. (Also known as the consumer secret ). This secret registers the custom application with the OAuth authorization server.

Remarks

OAuthClientSecret is one of a handful of connection parameters that need to be set before users can authenticate via OAuth. For details, see Establishing a Connection.

Specifies the scope of the authenticating user's access to the application. Generally specified at the time the custom OAuth application is created (if necessary), so that the authenticating user can obtain the the level of access appropriate to their credentials.

Remarks

Scopes are set to define what kind of access the authenticating user will have; for example, read, read and write, restricted access to sensitive information. System administrators can use scopes to selectively enable access by functionality or security clearance.

When InitiateOAuth is set to GETANDREFRESH, you must use this property if you want to change which scopes are requested. When InitiateOAuth is set to either REFRESH or OFF, you can use either this property or the Scope input to change which scopes are requested.

This section provides a complete list of the SSL properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
SSLClientCert	Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.
SSLClientCertType	Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.
SSLClientCertPassword	Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.
SSLClientCertSubject	Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.

Remarks

This property specifies the client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication. Use this property alongside SSLClientCertType, which defines the type of the certificate store, and SSLClientCertPassword, which specifies the password for password-protected stores. When SSLClientCert is set and SSLClientCertSubject is configured, the driver searches for a certificate matching the specified subject.

Certificate store designations vary by platform. On Windows, certificate stores are identified by names such as MY (personal certificates), while in Java, the certificate store is typically a file containing certificates and optional private keys.

The following are designations of the most common User and Machine certificate stores in Windows:

MY	A certificate store holding personal certificates with their associated private keys.
CA	Certifying authority certificates.
ROOT	Root certificates.
SPC	Software publisher certificates.

For PFXFile types, set this property to the filename. For PFXBlob types, set this property to the binary contents of the file in PKCS12 format.

Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.

Remarks

This property determines the format and location of the key store used to provide the client certificate. Supported values include platform-specific and universal key store formats. The available values and their usage are:

USER - default	For Windows, this specifies that the certificate store is a certificate store owned by the current user. Note that this store type is not available in Java.
MACHINE	For Windows, this specifies that the certificate store is a machine store. Note that this store type is not available in Java.
PFXFILE	The certificate store is the name of a PFX (PKCS12) file containing certificates.
PFXBLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in PFX (PKCS12) format.
JKSFILE	The certificate store is the name of a Java key store (JKS) file containing certificates. Note that this store type is only available in Java.
JKSBLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in JKS format. Note that this store type is only available in Java.
PEMKEY_FILE	The certificate store is the name of a PEM-encoded file that contains a private key and an optional certificate.
PEMKEY_BLOB	The certificate store is a string (base64-encoded) that contains a private key and an optional certificate.
PUBLIC_KEY_FILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate.
PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate.
SSHPUBLIC_KEY_FILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains an SSH-style public key.
SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains an SSH-style public key.
P7BFILE	The certificate store is the name of a PKCS7 file containing certificates.
PPKFILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PuTTY Private Key (PPK).
XMLFILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a certificate in XML format.
XMLBLOB	The certificate store is a string that contains a certificate in XML format.
BCFKSFILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains an Bouncy Castle keystore.
BCFKSBLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains a Bouncy Castle keystore.

Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.

Remarks

This property provides the password needed to open a password-protected certificate store. This property is necessary when using certificate stores that require a password for decryption, as is often recommended for PFX or JKS type stores.

If the certificate store type does not require a password, for example USER or MACHINE on Windows, this property can be left blank. Ensure that the password matches the one associated with the specified certificate store to avoid authentication errors.

Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.

Remarks

This property determines which client certificate to load based on its subject. The Sync App searches for a certificate that exactly matches the specified subject. If no exact match is found, the Sync App looks for certificates containing the value of the subject. If no match is found, no certificate is selected.

The subject should follow the standard format of a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For example, CN=www.server.com, OU=Test, C=US. Common fields include the following:

Field	Meaning
CN	Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com.
O	Organization
OU	Organizational Unit
L	Locality
S	State
C	Country
E	Email Address

Note: If any field contains special characters, such as commas, the value must be quoted. For example: CN="Example, Inc.", C=US.

Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Remarks

If using a TLS/SSL connection, this property can be used to specify the TLS/SSL certificate to be accepted from the server. Any other certificate that is not trusted by the machine is rejected.

This property can take the following forms:

Description	Example
A full PEM Certificate (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIChTCCAe4CAQAwDQYJKoZIhv......Qw== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
A path to a local file containing the certificate	C:\cert.cer
The public key (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSq......AQAB -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
The MD5 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space or colon separated)	ecadbdda5a1529c58a1e9e09828d70e4
The SHA1 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space or colon separated)	34a929226ae0819f2ec14b4a3d904f801cbb150d

If not specified, any certificate trusted by the machine is accepted.

Use '*' to signify to accept all certificates. Note that this is not recommended due to security concerns.

This section provides a complete list of the SSH properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
SSHAuthMode	The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service.
SSHClientCert	A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser.
SSHClientCertPassword	The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one.
SSHClientCertSubject	The subject of the SSH client certificate.
SSHClientCertType	The type of SSHClientCert private key.
SSHServer	The SSH server.
SSHPort	The SSH port.
SSHUser	The SSH user.
SSHPassword	The SSH password.
SSHServerFingerprint	The SSH server fingerprint.
UseSSH	Whether to tunnel the Amazon Redshift connection over SSH. Use SSH.

The authentication method used when establishing an SSH Tunnel to the service.

Remarks

• None: No authentication is performed. The current SSHUser value is ignored, and the connection is logged in as anonymous.
• Password: The Sync App uses the values of SSHUser and SSHPassword to authenticate the user.
• Public_Key: The Sync App uses the values of SSHUser and SSHClientCert to authenticate the user. SSHClientCert must have a private key available for this authentication method to succeed.

A certificate to be used for authenticating the SSHUser.

Remarks

SSHClientCert must contain a valid private key in order to use public key authentication. A public key is optional, if one is not included then the Sync App generates it from the private key. The Sync App sends the public key to the server and the connection is allowed if the user has authorized the public key.

The SSHClientCertType field specifies the type of the key store specified by SSHClientCert. If the store is password protected, specify the password in SSHClientCertPassword.

Some types of key stores are containers which may include multiple keys. By default the Sync App will select the first key in the store, but you can specify a specific key using SSHClientCertSubject.

The password of the SSHClientCert key if it has one.

Remarks

This property is required for SSH tunneling when using certificate-based authentication. If the SSH certificate is in a password-protected key store, provide the password using this property to access the certificate.

The subject of the SSH client certificate.

Remarks

When loading a certificate the subject is used to locate the certificate in the store.

If an exact match is not found, the store is searched for subjects containing the value of the property.

If a match is still not found, the property is set to an empty string, and no certificate is selected.

The special value "*" picks the first certificate in the certificate store.

The certificate subject is a comma separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For instance "CN=www.server.com, OU=test, C=US, [email protected]". Common fields and their meanings are displayed below.

Field	Meaning
CN	Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com.
O	Organization
OU	Organizational Unit
L	Locality
S	State
C	Country
E	Email Address

If a field value contains a comma it must be quoted.

The type of SSHClientCert private key.

Remarks

This property can take one of the following values:

Types	Description	Allowed Blob Values
MACHINE/USER		Blob values are not supported.
JKSFILE/JKSBLOB		base64-only
PFXFILE/PFXBLOB	A PKCS12-format (.pfx) file. Must contain both a certificate and a private key.	base64-only
PEMKEY_FILE/PEMKEY_BLOB	A PEM-format file. Must contain an RSA, DSA, or OPENSSH private key. Can optionally contain a certificate matching the private key.	base64 or plain text. Newlines may be replaced with spaces when providing the blob as text.
PPKFILE/PPKBLOB	A PuTTY-format private key created using the puttygen tool.	base64-only
XMLFILE/XMLBLOB	An XML key in the format generated by the .NET RSA class: RSA.ToXmlString(true).	base64 or plain text.

The SSH server.

Remarks

The SSH server.

The SSH port.

Remarks

The SSH port.

The SSH user.

Remarks

The SSH user.

The SSH password.

Remarks

The SSH password.

The SSH server fingerprint.

Remarks

The SSH server fingerprint.

Whether to tunnel the Amazon Redshift connection over SSH. Use SSH.

Remarks

By default the Sync App will attempt to connect directly to Amazon Redshift. When this option is enabled, the Sync App will instead establish an SSH connection with the SSHServer and tunnel the connection to Amazon Redshift through it.

This section provides a complete list of the Firewall properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
FirewallType	Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall.
FirewallServer	Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources.
FirewallPort	Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall.
FirewallUser	Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.
FirewallPassword	Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.

Specifies the protocol the provider uses to tunnel traffic through a proxy-based firewall.

Remarks

A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.

Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.

The following table provides port number information for each of the supported protocols.

Protocol	Default Port	Description
TUNNEL	80	The port where the Sync App opens a connection to Amazon Redshift. Traffic flows back and forth via the proxy at this location.
SOCKS4	1080	The port where the Sync App opens a connection to Amazon Redshift. SOCKS 4 then passes theFirewallUser value to the proxy, which determines whether the connection request should be granted.
SOCKS5	1080	The port where the Sync App sends data to Amazon Redshift. If the SOCKS 5 proxy requires authentication, set FirewallUser and FirewallPassword to credentials the proxy recognizes.

Identifies the IP address, DNS name, or host name of a proxy used to traverse a firewall and relay user queries to network resources.

Remarks

A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.

Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.

Specifies the TCP port to be used for a proxy-based firewall.

Remarks

A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.

Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.

Identifies the user ID of the account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.

Remarks

A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.

Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.

Specifies the password of the user account authenticating to a proxy-based firewall.

Remarks

A proxy-based firewall (or proxy firewall) is a network security device that acts as an intermediary between user requests and the resources they access. The proxy accepts the request of an authenticated user, tunnels through the firewall, and transmits the request to the appropriate server.

Because the proxy evaluates and transfers data backets on behalf of the requesting users, the users never connect directly with the servers, only with the proxy.

This section provides a complete list of the Proxy properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
ProxyAutoDetect	Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server.
ProxyServer	The hostname or IP address of the proxy server that you want to route HTTP traffic through.
ProxyPort	The TCP port on your specified proxy server (set in the ProxyServer connection property) that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client.
ProxyAuthScheme	Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
ProxyUser	The username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
ProxyPassword	The password associated with the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property.
ProxySSLType	The SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.
ProxyExceptions	A semicolon separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property.

Specifies whether the provider checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations, rather than using a manually specified proxy server.

Remarks

When this connection property is set to True, the Sync App checks your system proxy settings for existing proxy server configurations (no need to manually supply proxy server details).

This connection property takes precedence over other proxy settings. Set to False if you want to manually configure the Sync App to connect to a specific proxy server.

To connect to an HTTP proxy, see ProxyServer. For other proxies, such as SOCKS or tunneling, see FirewallType.

The hostname or IP address of the proxy server that you want to route HTTP traffic through.

Remarks

The Sync App only routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server specified in this connection property when ProxyAutoDetect is set to False. If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True, which is the default, the Sync App instead routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server specified in your system proxy settings.

The TCP port on your specified proxy server (set in the ProxyServer connection property) that has been reserved for routing HTTP traffic to and from the client.

Remarks

The Sync App only routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server port specified in this connection property when ProxyAutoDetect is set to False. If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True, which is the default, the Sync App instead routes HTTP traffic through the proxy server port specified in your system proxy settings.

For other proxy types, see FirewallType.

Specifies the authentication method the provider uses when authenticating to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.

Remarks

The authentication type can be one of the following:

• BASIC: The Sync App performs HTTP BASIC authentication.
• DIGEST: The Sync App performs HTTP DIGEST authentication.
• NTLM: The Sync App retrieves an NTLM token.
• NEGOTIATE: The Sync App retrieves an NTLM or Kerberos token based on the applicable protocol for authentication.
• NONE: Set this when the ProxyServer does not require authentication.

For all values other than "NONE", you must also set the ProxyUser and ProxyPassword connection properties.

If you need to use another authentication type, such as SOCKS 5 authentication, see FirewallType.

The username of a user account registered with the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.

Remarks

The ProxyUser and ProxyPassword connection properties are used to connect and authenticate against the HTTP proxy specified in ProxyServer.

After selecting one of the available authentication types in ProxyAuthScheme, set this property as follows:

ProxyAuthScheme Value	Value to set for ProxyUser
BASIC	The user name of a user registered with the proxy server.
DIGEST	The user name of a user registered with the proxy server.
NEGOTIATE	The username of a Windows user who is a valid user in the domain or trusted domain that the proxy server is part of, in the format user@domain or domain\user.
NTLM	The username of a Windows user who is a valid user in the domain or trusted domain that the proxy server is part of, in the format user@domain or domain\user.
NONE	Do not set the ProxyPassword connection property.

The Sync App only uses this username if ProxyAutoDetect is set to False. If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True, which is the default, the Sync App instead uses the username specified in your system proxy settings.

The password associated with the user specified in the ProxyUser connection property.

Remarks

The ProxyUser and ProxyPassword connection properties are used to connect and authenticate against the HTTP proxy specified in ProxyServer.

After selecting one of the available authentication types in ProxyAuthScheme, set this property as follows:

ProxyAuthScheme Value	Value to set for ProxyPassword
BASIC	The password associated with the proxy server user specified in ProxyUser.
DIGEST	The password associated with the proxy server user specified in ProxyUser.
NEGOTIATE	The password associated with the Windows user account specified in ProxyUser.
NTLM	The password associated with the Windows user account specified in ProxyUser.
NONE	Do not set the ProxyPassword connection property.

For SOCKS 5 authentication or tunneling, see FirewallType.

The Sync App only uses this password if ProxyAutoDetect is set to False. If ProxyAutoDetect is set to True, which is the default, the Sync App instead uses the password specified in your system proxy settings.

The SSL type to use when connecting to the proxy server specified in the ProxyServer connection property.

Remarks

This property determines when to use SSL for the connection to the HTTP proxy specified by ProxyServer. You can set this connection property to the following values :

AUTO	Default setting. If ProxyServer is set to an HTTPS URL, the Sync App uses the TUNNEL option. If ProxyServer is set to an HTTP URL, the component uses the NEVER option.
ALWAYS	The connection is always SSL enabled.
NEVER	The connection is not SSL enabled.
TUNNEL	The connection is made through a tunneling proxy. The proxy server opens a connection to the remote host and traffic flows back and forth through the proxy.

A semicolon separated list of destination hostnames or IPs that are exempt from connecting through the proxy server set in the ProxyServer connection property.

Remarks

The ProxyServer is used for all addresses, except for addresses defined in this property. Use semicolons to separate entries.

Note that the Sync App uses the system proxy settings by default, without further configuration needed. If you want to explicitly configure proxy exceptions for this connection, set ProxyAutoDetect to False.

This section provides a complete list of the Logging properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
LogModules	Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged.

Specifies the core modules to include in the log file. Use a semicolon-separated list of module names. By default, all modules are logged.

Remarks

This property lets you customize the log file content by specifying the logging modules to include. Logging modules categorize logged information into distinct areas, such as query execution, metadata, or SSL communication. Each module is represented by a four-character code, with some requiring a trailing space for three-letter names.

For example, EXEC logs query execution, and INFO logs general provider messages. To include multiple modules, separate their names with semicolons as follows: INFO;EXEC;SSL.

The Verbosity connection property takes precedence over the module-based filtering specified by this property. Only log entries that meet the verbosity level and belong to the specified modules are logged. Leave this property blank to include all available modules in the log file.

For a complete list of available modules and detailed guidance on configuring logging, refer to the Advanced Logging section in Logging.

This section provides a complete list of the Schema properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
Location	Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path.
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
Tables	Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC .
Views	Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC .
IgnoredSchemas	Visibility restriction filter which is used to hide the list of schemas by metadata quering. For example, 'information_schema, pg_catalog'. Schema names are case sensitive.

Specifies the location of a directory containing schema files that define tables, views, and stored procedures. Depending on your service's requirements, this may be expressed as either an absolute path or a relative path.

Remarks

The Location property is only needed if you want to either customize definitions (for example, change a column name, ignore a column, etc.) or extend the data model with new tables, views, or stored procedures.

If left unspecified, the default location is %APPDATA%\\CData\\Redshift Data Provider\\Schema, where %APPDATA% is set to the user's configuration directory:

Platform	%APPDATA%
Windows	The value of the APPDATA environment variable
Linux	~/.config

Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .

Remarks

Listing all available database schemas can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of schemas in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

Optional setting that restricts the tables reported to a subset of all available tables. For example, Tables=TableA,TableB,TableC .

Remarks

Listing all available tables from some databases can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of tables in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

If there are lots of tables available and you already know which ones you want to work with, you can use this property to restrict your viewing to only those tables. To do this, specify the tables you want in a comma-separated list. Each table should be a valid SQL identifier with any special characters escaped using square brackets, double-quotes or backticks. For example, Tables=TableA,[TableB/WithSlash],WithCatalog.WithSchema.`TableC With Space`.

Note: If you are connecting to a data source with multiple schemas or catalogs, you must specify each table you want to view by its fully qualified name. This avoids ambiguity between tables that may exist in multiple catalogs or schemas.

Optional setting that restricts the views reported to a subset of the available tables. For example, Views=ViewA,ViewB,ViewC .

Remarks

Listing all available views from some databases can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of views in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

If there are lots of views available and you already know which ones you want to work with, you can use this property to restrict your viewing to only those views. To do this, specify the views you want in a comma-separated list. Each view should be a valid SQL identifier with any special characters escaped using square brackets, double-quotes or backticks. For example, Views=ViewA,[ViewB/WithSlash],WithCatalog.WithSchema.`ViewC With Space`.

Note: If you are connecting to a data source with multiple schemas or catalogs, you must specify each view you want to examine by its fully qualified name. This avoids ambiguity between views that may exist in multiple catalogs or schemas.

Visibility restriction filter which is used to hide the list of schemas by metadata quering. For example, 'information_schema, pg_catalog'. Schema names are case sensitive.

Remarks

By default, restrictions are not applied. The property is inactive when BrowsableSchemas is specified.

This section provides a complete list of the Miscellaneous properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
AllowPreparedStatement	Prepare a query statement before its execution.
FetchResultSetMetadata	This field sets whether the provider retrieves metadata pertaining to the schema and table name for resultset columns returned by the server.
IncludeTableTypes	If set to true, the provider will query for the types of individual tables and views.
InsertMode	Specifies what method to use when inserting bulk data. By default DML mode is used.
IsServerless	The provider cannot detect endpoint to connect, if you are using a custom domain names for connections. Set this property to True when you are connecting to the Amazon Redshift serverless instance, as well specify the property AWSRegion in this case.
LZ4Compression	When set the driver notifies the server to compress data packets with lz4 compression algorithm.
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum rows returned for queries without aggregation or GROUP BY.
Other	Specifies additional hidden properties for specific use cases. These are not required for typical provider functionality. Use a semicolon-separated list to define multiple properties.
QueryPassthrough	This option passes the query to the Amazon Redshift server as is.
RedshiftToS3RoleARN	The Amazon Resource Name of the role to use when authenticating S3 with IAM role by the COPY command for the bulk inserts.
S3Bucket	Specifies the name of AWS S3 bucket to upload bulk data for staging.
S3BucketFolder	Specifies the name of the folder in AWS S3 bucket to upload bulk data for staging. By default bulk data are staged in the root folder.
StripOutNulls	When set the null characters are stripped out from character values in bulk operations.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error. The default is 60 seconds. Set to 0 to disable the timeout.
TimeZone	Set time zone for the current session.
UseUIDForStaging	Use this property in combination with InsertMode assigned with S3Staging or S3StagingWithIAM. By default the the driver creates staging files with names that prepend the targeted table's name, so the files are overwritten between sessions. When the property is set to True , the provider additionally attaches temporary unique identifiers to these names. It may be required if you use parallel jobs to insert rows into the same table. Thus, the staging files are not overwritten by the jobs. A caveat is that using this property adds to the number of staging files put onto S3 bucket, since the file names are not controlled by the driver between different sessions. In this case you may want to define an AWS S3 policy on the bucket to remove staging files that were stored in a bucket automatically.

Prepare a query statement before its execution.

Remarks

If the AllowPreparedStatement property is set to false, statements are parsed each time they are executed. Setting this property to false can be useful if you are executing many different queries only once.

If you are executing the same query repeatedly, you will generally see better performance by leaving this property at the default, true. Preparing the query avoids recompiling the same query over and over. However, prepared statements also require the Sync App to keep the connection active and open while the statement is prepared.

This field sets whether the provider retrieves metadata pertaining to the schema and table name for resultset columns returned by the server.

Remarks

By default, the Sync App will not request that the server provides detailed information about resultset columns like the table name or schema name. It requires issuing additional metadata queries via Sync App , and it may affect query performance essentially in some scenarios. Consider setting this property to True when you need such detailed descriptive information for the resultset columns.

If set to true, the provider will query for the types of individual tables and views.

Remarks

If set to true, the Sync App will query Redshift for the types of individual tables and views.

Specifies what method to use when inserting bulk data. By default DML mode is used.

Remarks

When this is set to DML the Sync App uses Insert SQL statements to upload bulk data.

When this is set to S3Staging the Sync App uses the bulk upload API to upload data to the AWS S3 staging folder.

Bulk Insertion

InsertMode provides the following options for executing a bulk insert operation by the driver:

1. DML: This is the default option for sending multiple INSERT statements to the server by the driver in bulk. In this case, the driver issues a multi-row INSERT statement with respective syntax supported by the server. See Use a multi-row insert in the Amazon Redshift documentation.
2. S3Staging: This option involves two steps. Initially, multiple rows are streamed to the Amazon S3 bucket in CSV format. A staging CSV file is then created in the bucket. In the second step, Redshift's COPY FROM command copies the staged CSV file to a database. See COPY in the Amazon Redshift documentation for more information.

   The minimum set of policies required to connect AWS S3 by an IAM user, or a role assumed by it, are:

   • S3:ListBucket
   • S3:GetObject
   • S3:PutObject.

   Note that this mode uses your AWSAccessKey and AWSSecretKey in COPY commands that are sent to the server. This could present a security concern. If you want to hide sensitive information, use the S3StagingWithIAM mode instead.

3. S3StagingWithIAM: This option is similar to S3Staging, but it uses an IAM role parameter for the COPY command.

   The AWSAccessKey and AWSSecretKey are still required to connect in this mode, but they are not be included in the COPY commands sent to Redshift.

NOTE:If you choose the S3Staging or S3StagingWithIAM insert mode, and if you set the UseUIDForStaging connection property to True, you may want to define an AWS S3 policy on the bucket to remove staging files that are automatically stored in the bucket.

See also:

• AllowPreparedStatement
• RedshiftToS3RoleARN

The provider cannot detect endpoint to connect, if you are using a custom domain names for connections. Set this property to True when you are connecting to the Amazon Redshift serverless instance, as well specify the property AWSRegion in this case.

Remarks

If set to True, the Sync App will connect to serverless instance of the Amazon Redshift. By default, the property is set to False, and the Sync App will try to detect endpoint to connect.

When set the driver notifies the server to compress data packets with lz4 compression algorithm.

Remarks

Specifies the maximum rows returned for queries without aggregation or GROUP BY.

Remarks

This property sets an upper limit on the number of rows the Sync App returns for queries that do not include aggregation or GROUP BY clauses. This limit ensures that queries do not return excessively large result sets by default.

When a query includes a LIMIT clause, the value specified in the query takes precedence over the MaxRows setting. If MaxRows is set to "-1", no row limit is enforced unless a LIMIT clause is explicitly included in the query.

This property is useful for optimizing performance and preventing excessive resource consumption when executing queries that could otherwise return very large datasets.

Specifies additional hidden properties for specific use cases. These are not required for typical provider functionality. Use a semicolon-separated list to define multiple properties.

Remarks

This property allows advanced users to configure hidden properties for specialized scenarios. These settings are not required for normal use cases but can address unique requirements or provide additional functionality. Multiple properties can be defined in a semicolon-separated list.

Note: It is strongly recommended to set these properties only when advised by the support team to address specific scenarios or issues.

Specify multiple properties in a semicolon-separated list.

Integration and Formatting

DefaultColumnSize	Sets the default length of string fields when the data source does not provide column length in the metadata. The default value is 2000.
ConvertDateTimeToGMT	Determines whether to convert date-time values to GMT, instead of the local time of the machine.
RecordToFile=filename	Records the underlying socket data transfer to the specified file.

This option passes the query to the Amazon Redshift server as is.

Remarks

When this is set, queries are passed through directly to Amazon Redshift.

The Amazon Resource Name of the role to use when authenticating S3 with IAM role by the COPY command for the bulk inserts.

Remarks

By default, if this property is not set, the COPY command uses 'default' value for the IAM role.

Specifies the name of AWS S3 bucket to upload bulk data for staging.

Remarks

Specifies the name of the folder in AWS S3 bucket to upload bulk data for staging. By default bulk data are staged in the root folder.

Remarks

When set the null characters are stripped out from character values in bulk operations.

Remarks

Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error. The default is 60 seconds. Set to 0 to disable the timeout.

Remarks

This property controls the maximum time, in seconds, that the Sync App waits for an operation to complete before canceling it. If the timeout period expires before the operation finishes, the Sync App cancels the operation and throws an exception.

The timeout applies to each individual communication with the server rather than the entire query or operation. For example, a query could continue running beyond 60 seconds if each paging call completes within the timeout limit.

Setting this property to 0 disables the timeout, allowing operations to run indefinitely until they succeed or fail due to other conditions such as server-side timeouts, network interruptions, or resource limits on the server. Use this property cautiously to avoid long-running operations that could degrade performance or result in unresponsive behavior.

Set time zone for the current session.

Remarks

If the TimeZone property is not set, provider uses client system time zone. Setting this property can be useful when you need the server to convert time with time zone and timestamp with timezone values to specific time zone, which is different than client's system time zone.

Use this property in combination with InsertMode assigned with S3Staging or S3StagingWithIAM. By default the the driver creates staging files with names that prepend the targeted table's name, so the files are overwritten between sessions. When the property is set to True , the provider additionally attaches temporary unique identifiers to these names. It may be required if you use parallel jobs to insert rows into the same table. Thus, the staging files are not overwritten by the jobs. A caveat is that using this property adds to the number of staging files put onto S3 bucket, since the file names are not controlled by the driver between different sessions. In this case you may want to define an AWS S3 policy on the bucket to remove staging files that were stored in a bucket automatically.

Remarks