A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
}

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM CampaignPerformance

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [Device] AS MY_Device FROM CampaignPerformance

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM CampaignPerformance

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM CampaignPerformance WHERE Device = 'Mobile devices with full browsers'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM CampaignPerformance 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Device) FROM CampaignPerformance 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT Device FROM CampaignPerformance 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT Device, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM CampaignPerformance GROUP BY Device

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   

   SELECT CampaignPerformance.CampaignName, CampaignPerformance.Amount, ClickPerformance.Page FROM CampaignPerformance, ClickPerformance WHERE CampaignPerformance.CampaignId=ClickPerformance.CampaignId

   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT Clicks, Device FROM CampaignPerformance  ORDER BY Device ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT Clicks, Device FROM CampaignPerformance LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM CampaignPerformance WHERE Device = @param

See Explicitly Caching Data for information on using the SELECT statement in offline mode.

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Google Ads.

    SELECT * FROM CampaignPerformance WHERE PseudoColumn = '@PseudoColumn'