Cmdlets for Xero

Build 24.0.9062

接続の確立

CData Cmdlets ユーザーは、データモジュールをインストールし、接続プロパティを設定してスクリプトを開始できます。このセクションでは、CSV インポートおよびエクスポートcmdlet などのネイティブPowerShell cmdlet でXero Cmdlets を使用する例を示します。

インストールおよび接続

PSGet がある場合は、PowerShell Gallery から次のコマンドを使ってcmdlet をインストールできます。CData サイトからセットアップを取得することもできます。 

Install-Module XeroCmdlets

プロファイルに以下を追加すると、次のセッションでcmdlet がロードされます。 

Import-Module XeroCmdlets;

Connect-Xero cmdlet を使って、別のcmdlet に渡すことができる接続オブジェクトを作成します。 

$conn = Connect-Xero

Connecting to Xero

The 本製品 supports using PKCE applications and OAuth applications. Both PKCE and OAuth connections to Xero are authenticated using OAuth.

When the 本製品 starts, it opens a browser and requests your login information. The 本製品 uses the credentials you provide to access your Xero data. These credentials are saved and automatically refreshed as needed.

To enable this authentication from all OAuth flows, you must set AuthScheme to OAuth, and you must create a custom OAuth application.

The following subsections describe how to authenticate to Xero from three common authentication flows:

  • Desktop: a connection to a server on the user's local machine, frequently used for testing and prototyping.
  • Web: access to data via a shared website.
  • Headless Server: a dedicated computer that provides services to other computers and their users, which is configured to operate without a monitor and keyboard.

For information about how to create a custom OAuth application, see カスタム認証アプリケーションの作成.

For a complete list of connection string properties available in Xero, see Connection.

Desktop Applications

To authenticate with the credentials for a custom OAuth application, you must get and refresh the OAuth access token. After you do that, you are ready to connect.

Get and refresh the OAuth access token:

  • InitiateOAuth = GETANDREFRESH. Used to automatically get and refresh the OAuthAccessToken.
  • OAuthClientId = the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
  • OAuthClientSecret = the client secret that was assigned when you registered your application.
  • CallbackURL = the redirect URI that was defined when you registered your application.

When you connect, the 本製品 opens Xero's OAuth endpoint in your default browser. Log in and grant permissions to the application.

When the access token expires, the 本製品 refreshes it automatically.

Automatic refresh of the OAuth access token:

To have the 本製品 automatically refresh the OAuth access token, do the following:

  1. Before connecting to data for the first time, set the following connection parameters:
    • InitiateOAuth = REFRESH.
    • OAuthClientId = the client Id in your application settings.
    • OAuthClientSecret = the client secret in your application settings.
    • OAuthAccessToken = the access token returned by GetOAuthAccessToken.
    • OAuthSettingsLocation = the path where you want the 本製品 to save the OAuth values, which persist across connections.
  2. On subsequent data connections, set the following:
    • InitiateOAuth
    • OAuthSettingsLocation

Manual refresh of the OAuth access token:

The only value needed to manually refresh the OAuth access token is the OAuth refresh token.

  1. To manually refresh the OAuthAccessToken after the ExpiresIn period (returned by GetOAuthAccessToken) has elapsed, call the GetOAuthAccessToken stored procedure.
  2. Set the following connection properties:

    • OAuthClientId = the Client Id in your application settings.
    • OAuthClientSecret = the Client Secret in your application settings.

  3. Call GetOAuthAccessToken with OAuthRefreshToken set to the OAuth refresh token returned by GetOAuthAccessToken.
  4. After the new tokens have been retrieved, set the OAuthAccessToken property to the value returned by GetOAuthAccessToken. This opens a new connection.

Store the OAuth refresh token so that you can use it to manually refresh the OAuth access token after it has expired.

Headless Machines

If you need to log in to a resource that resides on a headless machine, you must authenticate on another device that has an internet browser. You can do this in either of the following ways:

  • Option 1: Obtain the OAuthVerifier value.
  • Option 2: Install the 本製品 on a machine with an internet browser and transfer the OAuth authentication values after you authenticate through the usual browser-based flow.

After you execute either Option 1 or Option 2, configure the driver to automatically refresh the access token on the headless machine.

Option 1: Obtaining and Exchanging a Verifier Code

To obtain a verifier code, you must authenticate at the OAuth authorization URL. Do the following:

  1. Authenticate from the machine with an internet browser, and obtain the OAuthVerifier connection property.

    Set the following properties:

    • InitiateOAuth = OFF.
    • OAuthClientId = the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
    • OAuthClientSecret = the client secret assigned when you registered your application.

  2. Call the GetOAuthAuthorizationURL stored procedure. The stored procedure returns the CallbackURL established when the custom OAuth application was registered. (See カスタム認証アプリケーションの作成.)

    Copy this URL and paste it into a new browser tab.

  3. Log in and grant permissions to the 本製品. The OAuth application redirects you the redirect URI, with a parameter called code appended. Note the value of this parameter; you will need it later, to configure the OAuthVerifier connection property.

  4. Exchange the OAuth verifier code for OAuth refresh and access tokens. On the headless machine, set the following connection properties to obtain the OAuth authentication values:

    • InitiateOAuth = REFRESH.
    • OAuthVerifier = the noted verifier code (the value of the code parameter in the redirect URI).
    • OAuthSettingsLocation = persist the encrypted OAuth authentication values to the specified file.
    • OAuthClientId = the client Id in your custom OAuth application settings.
    • OAuthClientSecret = the client secret in the custom OAuth application settings.

  5. Test the connection to generate the OAuth settings file.

  6. After you re-set the following properties, you are ready to connect:

    • InitiateOAuth = REFRESH.
    • OAuthSettingsLocation = the file containing the encrypted OAuth authentication values. To enable the automatic refreshing of the access token, be sure that this file gives read and write permissions to the 本製品.
    • OAuthClientId = the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
    • OAuthClientSecret = the client secret assigned when you registered your application.

Option 2: Transferring OAuth Settings

Prior to connecting on a headless machine, you must install and create a connection with the driver on a device that supports an internet browser. Set the connection properties as described above in "Desktop Applications".

After completing the instructions in "Desktop Applications", the resulting authentication values are encrypted and written to the path specified by OAuthSettingsLocation. The default filename is OAuthSettings.txt.

Test the connection to generate the OAuth settings file, then copy the OAuth settings file to your headless machine.

To connect to data via the headless machine, set the following connection properties:

  • InitiateOAuth = REFRESH
  • OAuthSettingsLocation = the path to the OAuth settings file you copied from the machine with the browser. To enable automatic refreshing of the access token, ensure that this file gives read and write permissions to the 本製品.
  • OAuthClientId = the client Id assigned when you registered your custom OAuth application.
  • OAuthClientSecret = the client secret assigned when you registered your custom OAuth application.

Connecting to a Xero API

The 本製品 supports several Xero APIs. To connect to them, set the appropriate connection property:

  • For the Accounting API, set Schema to ACCOUNTING.
  • For the Australian Payroll API, set Schema to PAYROLLAUS.
  • For the Files API, set Schema to FILES.
  • For the Fixed Assets API set Schema to ASSETS.
  • For the Projects API, set Schema to PROJECTS.

Specifying Permitted Organization Access

For any of the above APIs, we also recommend setting the Tenant property, which enables you to authorize the 本製品 to access multiple organizations. Tenant is normally set to identify one or more organizations that the 本製品 can access. Legal entries for Tenant can be either the name of the organization or its ID. (Since multiple organizations can have the same name, we recommend using the ID to set the Tenant property.)

データの取得

Select-Xero cmdlet はデータを取得するためのネイティブなPowerShell インターフェースを提供します。 

$results = Select-Xero -Connection $conn -Table "Contacts" -Columns @("Discount, Name") -Where "ContactStatus='ACTIVE'"
Invoke-Xero cmdlet はSQL インターフェースを提供します。このcmdlet を使うと、Query パラメータを介してSQL クエリを実行できます。

cmdlet 出力のパイプ処理

cmdlet は行オブジェクトをパイプラインに一度に一行ずつ返します。以下は、結果をCSV ファイルにエクスポートします。 

Select-Xero -Connection $conn -Table Contacts -Where "ContactStatus = 'ACTIVE'" | Select -Property * -ExcludeProperty Connection,Table,Columns | Export-Csv -Path c:\myContactsData.csv -NoTypeInformation

Select-Xero からの結果をSelect-Object cmdlet にパイプして、Export-CSV cmdlet にパイプする前にいくつかのプロパティを実行していることがわかるでしょう。これをする理由は、CData Cmdlets は接続、テーブル、およびカラムの情報を結果セットの各行オブジェクトに追加しますが、必ずしもその情報がCSV ファイルに必要ではないからです。

ただし、これによってcmdlet の出力を別のcmdlet にパイプすることが容易になります。以下に、結果セットをJSON に変換する例を示します。 

 
PS C:\> $conn  = Connect-Xero
PS C:\> $row = Select-Xero -Connection $conn -Table "Contacts" -Columns (Discount, Name) -Where "ContactStatus = 'ACTIVE'" | select -first 1
PS C:\> $row | ConvertTo-Json
{
  "Connection":  {

  },
  "Table":  "Contacts",
  "Columns":  [

  ],
  "Discount":  "MyDiscount",
  "Name":  "MyName"
}

データの削除

以下は、抽出条件に合うあらゆるレコードを削除します。 

Select-Xero -Connection $conn -Table Contacts -Where "ContactStatus = 'ACTIVE'" | Remove-Xero

データの変更

cmdlet はデータクレンジング同様、データの変換を容易にします。次の例は、レコードがすでに存在するかどうか、挿入する前に更新が必要かどうかをチェックしてから、CSV ファイルのデータをXero にロードします。 

Import-Csv -Path C:\MyContactsUpdates.csv | %{
  $record = Select-Xero -Connection $conn -Table Contacts -Where ("ContactId = `'"+$_.ContactId+"`'")
  if($record){
    Update-Xero -Connection $conn -Table Contacts -Columns @("Discount","Name") -Values @($_.Discount, $_.Name) -Where "ContactId  = `'$_.ContactId`'"
  }else{
    Add-Xero -Connection $conn -Table Contacts -Columns @("Discount","Name") -Values @($_.Discount, $_.Name)
  }
}

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Build 24.0.9062