Authenticating to HTTP(S)

The cmdlet generically supports connecting to XML data stored on HTTP(S) streams.

Several authentication methods, such as user/password, digest access, OAuth, OAuthJWT, and OAuth PASSWORD flow are supported.

You can also connect to streams that have no authentication set up.

No Authentication

Connect to an HTTP(S) stream with no authentication by setting the AuthScheme connection property to None.

Basic

Set the following to connect:

• AuthScheme: Set this to Basic.
• User: Set this to the username associated with your HTTP(S) stream.
• Password: Set this to the password associated with your HTTP(S) stream.

Digest

Set the following to connect:

• AuthScheme: Set this to Digest.
• User: Set this to the username associated with your HTTP(S) stream.
• Password: Set this to the password associated with your HTTP(S) stream.

OAuth

Set the AuthScheme to OAuth.

OAuth requires the authenticating user to interact with XML using the browser. The cmdlet facilitates this in various ways as described in the following sections.

Before following the procedures below, you need to register an OAuth app with the service containing the XML data you want to work with.

Creating a custom application in most services requires registering as a developer and creating an app in the UI of the service.

This is not necessarily true for all services. In some you must contact the service provider to create the app for you. However it is done, you must obtain the values for OAuthClientId, OAuthClientSecret, and CallbackURL.

Desktop Applications

After setting the following connection properties, you are ready to connect:

• OAuthVersion: Set this to the OAuth Version, either 1.0 or 2.0.
• OAuthRequestTokenURL: Required for OAuth 1.0. In OAuth 1.0, this is the URL where the app makes a request for the request token.
• OAuthAuthorizationURL: Required for OAuth 1.0 and 2.0. This is the URL where the user logs into the service and grants permissions to the application. In OAuth 1.0, if permissions are granted, the request token is authorized.
• OAuthAccessTokenURL: Required for OAuth 1.0 and 2.0. This is the URL where the request for the access token is made. In OAuth 1.0, the authorized request token is exchanged for the access token.
• OAuthRefreshTokenURL: Required for OAuth 2.0. In OAuth 2.0, this is the URL where the refresh token is exchanged for a new access token when the old one expires. Note that for your data source this may be the same as the access token URL.
• OAuthClientId: Set this to the client Id in your app settings. This may also be called the consumer key.
• OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the client secret in your app settings. This may also be called the consumer secret.
• CallbackURL: Set this to http://localhost:33333. If you specified a redirect URL in your app settings, this must match.

When you connect, the cmdlet opens the OAuth endpoint in your default browser. Log in and grant permissions to the application. The cmdlet then completes the OAuth process:

1. Extracts the access token from the callback URL and authenticates requests.
2. Refreshes the access token when it expires.
3. Saves OAuth values to be persisted across connections.

OAuth JWT

Set AuthScheme to OAuthJWT.

The cmdlet supports using JWT as an authorization grant in situations where a user cannot perform an interactive sign-on. After setting the following connection properties, you are ready to connect:

• OAuthVersion: Set this to 2.0.
• OAuthAccessTokenURL: Set this to the URL where the JWT is exchanged for an access token.
• OAuthJWTCert: Set this to the certificate you want to use. In most cases this will be a path to a PEM or PFX file.
• OAuthJWTCertType: Set this to the correct certificate type. In most cases this will either PEMKEY_FILE or PFXFILE.
• OAuthJWTCertPassword: If the certificate is encrypted, set this to the encryption password.
• OAuthJWTIssuer: Set this to the issuer. This corresponds to the iss field in the JWT.

Note that the JWT signature algorithm cannot be set directly. The cmdlet only supports the RS256 algorithm.

The cmdlet will then construct a JWT including the following fields, and submit it to OAuthAccessTokenURL for an access token.

• scope This will come from Scope if it is provided.
• aud This will come from OAuthJWTAudience if it is provided.
• iss This will come from OAuthJWTIssuer.
• iat This is the time when the JWT is generated.
• exp This is the value of iat plus the value of OAuthJWTValidityTime.
• sub This will come from OAuthJWTSubject if it is provided.

OAuthPassword

AuthScheme: Set this to OAuthPassword.

OAuth requires the authenticating user to interact with XML using the browser. The cmdlet facilitates this in various ways as described in the following sections.

Before following the procedures below, you need to register an OAuth app with the service containing the XML data you want to work with.

Creating a custom application in most services requires registering as a developer and creating an app in the UI of the service.

This is not necessarily true for all services. In some you must contact the service provider to create the app for you. However it is done, you must obtain the values for OAuthClientId, OAuthClientSecret, and CallbackURL.

After setting the following connection properties, you are ready to connect:

• OAuthVersion: Set this to the OAuth Version, either 1.0 or 2.0.
• OAuthRequestTokenURL: Required for OAuth 1.0. In OAuth 1.0, this is the URL where the app makes a request for the request token.
• OAuthAuthorizationURL: Required for OAuth 1.0 and 2.0. This is the URL where the user logs into the service and grants permissions to the application. In OAuth 1.0, if permissions are granted, the request token is authorized.
• OAuthAccessTokenURL: Required for OAuth 1.0 and 2.0. This is the URL where the request for the access token is made. In OAuth 1.0, the authorized request token is exchanged for the access token.
• OAuthRefreshTokenURL: Required for OAuth 2.0. In OAuth 2.0, this is the URL where the refresh token is exchanged for a new access token when the old one expires. Note that for your data source this may be the same as the access token URL.
• OAuthClientId: Set this to the client Id in your app settings. This may also be called the consumer key.
• OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the client secret in your app settings. This may also be called the consumer secret.
• CallbackURL: Set this to http://localhost:33333. If you specified a redirect URL in your app settings, this must match.

When you connect, the cmdlet opens the OAuth endpoint in your default browser. Log in and grant permissions to the application. The cmdlet then completes the OAuth process:

1. Extracts the access token from the callback URL and authenticates requests.
2. Refreshes the access token when it expires.
3. Saves OAuth values to be persisted across connections.