This page provides a guide to Establishing a Connection to Google BigQuery in CData Cloud, as well as information on the available resources, and a reference to the available connection properties.

Connecting to Google BigQuery

Establishing a Connection shows how to authenticate to Google BigQuery and configure any necessary connection properties to create a database in CData Cloud

Accessing Data from CData Cloud Services

Accessing data from Google BigQuery through the available standard services and CData Cloud administration is documented in further details in the CData Cloud Documentation.

Connect to Google BigQuery by selecting the corresponding icon in the Database tab. Required properties are listed under Settings. The Advanced tab lists connection properties that are not typically required.

Connecting to Google BigQuery

By default, the CData Cloud connects to all available projects in your database. To limit the scope of your connection, set combinations of the following properties:

• ProjectId: specifies which projects the driver connects to
• BillingProjectId: specifies which projects are billed
• DatasetId: specifies which datasets the driver accesses

Authenticating to Google BigQuery

The Cloud supports using user accounts and GCP instance accounts for authentication.

The following sections discuss the available authentication schemes for Google BigQuery:

• User Accounts (OAuth)
• Service Account (OAuthJWT)
• GCP Instance Account

User Accounts (OAuth)

AuthScheme must be set to OAuth in all user account flows.

Web Applications

When connecting via a Web application, you need to create and register a custom OAuth application with Google BigQuery. You can then use the Cloud to acquire and manage the OAuth token values. See Creating a Custom OAuth App for more information about custom applications.

Get an OAuth Access Token

Set the following connection properties to obtain the OAuthAccessToken:

• OAuthClientId: Set this to the Client Id in your application settings.
• OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the Client Secret in your application settings.

Then call stored procedures to complete the OAuth exchange:

1. Call the GetOAuthAuthorizationURL stored procedure. Set the CallbackURL input to the Callback URL you specified in your application settings. The stored procedure returns the URL to the OAuth endpoint.
2. Navigate to the URL that the stored procedure returned in Step 1. Log in to the custom OAuth application and authorize the web application. Once authenticated, the browser redirects you to the callback URL.
3. Call the GetOAuthAccessToken stored procedure. Set AuthMode to WEB and the Verifier input to the "code" parameter in the query string of the callback URL.

Once you have obtained the access and refresh tokens, you can connect to data and refresh the OAuth access token either automatically or manually.

Automatic Refresh of the OAuth Access Token

To have the driver automatically refresh the OAuth access token, set the following on the first data connection:

• InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
• OAuthClientId: Set this to the Client Id in your application settings.
• OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the Client Secret in your application settings.
• OAuthAccessToken: Set this to the access token returned by GetOAuthAccessToken.
• OAuthRefreshToken: Set this to the refresh token returned by GetOAuthAccessToken.
• OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to the location where the Cloud saves the OAuth token values, which persist across connections.

On subsequent data connections, the values for OAuthAccessToken and OAuthRefreshToken are taken from OAuthSettingsLocation.

Manual Refresh of the OAuth Access Token

The only value needed to manually refresh the OAuth access token when connecting to data is the OAuth refresh token.

Use the RefreshOAuthAccessToken stored procedure to manually refresh the OAuthAccessToken after the ExpiresIn parameter value returned by GetOAuthAccessToken has elapsed, then set the following connection properties:

• OAuthClientId: Set this to the Client Id in your application settings.
• OAuthClientSecret: Set this to the Client Secret in your application settings.

Then call RefreshOAuthAccessToken with OAuthRefreshToken set to the OAuth refresh token returned by GetOAuthAccessToken. After the new tokens have been retrieved, open a new connection by setting the OAuthAccessToken property to the value returned by RefreshOAuthAccessToken.

Finally, store the OAuth refresh token so that you can use it to manually refresh the OAuth access token after it has expired.

Headless Machines

To configure the driver to use OAuth with a user account on a headless machine, you need to authenticate on another device that has an internet browser.

1. Choose one of two options:
   • Option 1: Obtain the OAuthVerifier value as described in "Obtain and Exchange a Verifier Code" below.
   • Option 2: Install the Cloud on a machine with an Internet browser and transfer the OAuth authentication values after you authenticate through the usual browser-based flow, as described in "Transfer OAuth Settings" below.
2. Then configure the Cloud to automatically refresh the access token on the headless machine.

Option 1: Obtain and Exchange a Verifier Code

To obtain a verifier code, you must authenticate at the OAuth authorization URL.

Follow the steps below to authenticate from the machine with an Internet browser and obtain the OAuthVerifier connection property.

1. Choose one of these options:
   • If you are using the Embedded OAuth Application click Google BigQuery OAuth endpoint to open the endpoint in your browser.
   • If you are using a custom OAuth application, create the Authorization URL by setting the following properties:
     • InitiateOAuth: Set to OFF.
     • OAuthClientId: Set to the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
     • OAuthClientSecret: Set to the client secret assigned when you registered your application.
     Then call the GetOAuthAuthorizationURL stored procedure with the appropriate CallbackURL. Open the URL returned by the stored procedure in a browser.
2. Log in and grant permissions to the Cloud. You are then redirected to the callback URL, which contains the verifier code.
3. Save the value of the verifier code. Later you will set this in the OAuthVerifier connection property.

Next, you need to exchange the OAuth verifier code for OAuth refresh and access tokens. Set the following properties:

On the headless machine, set the following connection properties to obtain the OAuth authentication values:

• InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
• OAuthVerifier: Set this to the verifier code.
• OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the Client Id in your custom OAuth application settings.
• OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the Client Secret in the custom OAuth application settings.
• OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to persist the encrypted OAuth authentication values to the specified location.

After the OAuth settings file is generated, you need to re-set the following properties to connect:

• InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
• OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
• OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the client secret assigned when you registered your application.
• OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to the location containing the encrypted OAuth authentication values. Make sure this location gives read and write permissions to the Cloud to enable the automatic refreshing of the access token.

Option 2: Transfer OAuth Settings

Prior to connecting on a headless machine, you need to create and install a connection with the driver on a device that supports an Internet browser. Set the connection properties as described in "Desktop Applications" above.

After completing the instructions in "Desktop Applications", the resulting authentication values are encrypted and written to the location specified by OAuthSettingsLocation. The default filename is OAuthSettings.txt.

Once you have successfully tested the connection, copy the OAuth settings file to your headless machine.

On the headless machine, set the following connection properties to connect to data:

• InitiateOAuth: Set this to REFRESH.
• OAuthClientId: (custom applications only) Set this to the client Id assigned when you registered your application.
• OAuthClientSecret: (custom applications only) Set this to the client secret assigned when you registered your application.
• OAuthSettingsLocation: Set this to the location of your OAuth settings file. Make sure this location gives read and write permissions to the Cloud to enable the automatic refreshing of the access token.

GCP Instance Accounts

When running on a GCP virtual machine, the Cloud can authenticate using a service account tied to the virtual machine. To use this mode, set AuthScheme to GCPInstanceAccount.

Workload Identity Federation

When Workload Identity Federation is set up, the driver authenticates to an identity provider and provides the Google Security Token Service with an authentication token. The Google STS validates this token and produces an OAuth token that can access Google services.

The following identity providers are currently supported:

• To use AWS, set AuthScheme to AWSWorkloadIdentity and configure AWSWorkloadIdentityConfig to connect to the identity provider.
• To use Azure, set AuthScheme to AzureWorkloadIdentity and configure AzureWorkloadIdentityConfig to connect to the identity provider.

Optionally, service account impersonation can also be configured by setting RequestingServiceAccount to the service account that will impersonate the credentials.

The following sections detail Cloud settings that may be needed in advanced integrations.

Saving Result Sets

Large result sets must be saved in a temporary or permanent table. You can use the following properties to control table persistence:

Automatic Result Tables

Enable the AllowLargeResultSets property to make the Cloud automatically create destination tables when needed. If a query result is too large to fit the BigQuery query cache, the Cloud creates a hidden dataset within the data project and re-executes the query with a destination table in that dataset. The dataset is configured so that all tables created within it expire in 24 hours.

In some situations you may want to change the name of the dataset created by the Cloud. For example, if multiple users are using the Cloud and do not have permissions to write to datasets created by the other users. See TempTableDataset for details on how to do this.

Explicit Result Tables

Enable the DestinationTable property to make the Cloud write query results to the given table. Writing query results to a single table imposes several limitations that you should keep in mind when using this option:

• Two query results cannot be read at the same time on the same connection. If two queries are executed and their results are read at the same time, the last query to finish executing overwrites the data from the other query.
• The dataset must be created in the same region as your tables. BigQuery does not support writing a destination table in a different region than where a query was executed.
• Do not rely on the Cloud to create a temporary table for every query. Some queries are processed internally or read directly from a table without executing a query job on BigQuery.

Limiting Billing

Set MaximumBillingTier to override your project limits on the maximum cost for any given query in a connection.

Bulk Modes

Google BigQuery provides several interfaces for operating on batches of rows. The Cloud supports these methods through the InsertMode option, each of which are specialized to different use cases:

• The Streaming API is intended for use where the most important factor is being able to insert quickly. However, rows which are inserted via the API are queued and only appear in the table after a delay. Sometimes this delay can be as high as 20-30 minutes which makes this API incompatible with cases where you want to insert data and then run other operations on it immediately. You should avoid modifying the table while any rows are in the streaming queue: Google BigQuery prevents DML operations from running on the table while any rows are in the streaming queue, and changing the table's metadata (name, schema, etc.) may cause streamed rows that haven't been committed to be lost.
• The DML mode API uses Standard SQL INSERT queries to upload data. This is by the most robust method of uploading data because any errors in the uploaded rows will be reported immediately. The Cloud also uses this API in a synchronous way so once the INSERT is processed, any rows can be used by other operations without waiting. However, it is by far the slowest insert method and should only be used for small data volumes.
• The Upload mode uses the multipart upload API for uploading data. This method is intended for performing low-cost medium to large data loads within a reasonable time. When using this mode the Cloud will upload the inserted rows to Google-managed storage and then create a load job for them. This job will execute and the Cloud can either wait for it (see WaitForBatchResults) or let it run asyncronously. Waiting for the job will report any errors that the job enconters but will take more time. Determining if the job failed without waiting for it requires manually checking the job status via the job stored procedures.
• The GCSStaging mode is the same as Upload except that it uses your Google Cloud Storage acccount to store staged data instead of Google-managed storage. The Cloud cannot act asynchronously in this mode because it must delete the file after the load is complete, which means that WaitForBatchResults has no effect.
  Because this depends on external data, you must set the GCSBucket to the name of your bucket and ensure that Scope (a space delimited set of scopes) contains at least the scopes https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery and https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write. The devstorage scope used for GCS also requires that you connect using a service account because Google BigQuery does not allow user accounts to use this scope.

In addition to bulk INSERTs, the Cloud also supports performing bulk UPDATE and DELETE operations. This requires the Cloud to upload the data containing the filters and rows to set into a new table in BigQuery, then perform a MERGE between the two tables and drop the temporary table. InsertMode determines how the rows are inserted into the temporary table but the Streaming and DML modes are not supported.

In most cases the Cloud can determine what columns need to be part of the SET vs. WHERE clauses of a bulk update. If you receive an error like "Primary keys must be defined for bulk UPDATE support," you can use PrimaryKeyIdentifiers to tell the Cloud what columns to treat as keys. In an update the values of key columns are used only to find matching rows and cannot be updated.

Minimum Required Roles for Service Accounts

The following roles allow SELECT queries to work with a service account:

• BigQuery Data Viewer (roles/bigquery.dataViewer): read data and metadata
• BigQuery Filtered Data Viewer (roles/bigquery.filteredDataViewer): view filtered table data
• BigQuery Job User (roles/bigquery.jobUser): run jobs, including queries, within the project

Customizing the SSL Configuration

By default, the Cloud attempts to negotiate TLS with the server. The server certificate is validated against the default system trusted certificate store. You can override how the certificate gets validated using the SSLServerCert connection property.

To specify another certificate, see the SSLServerCert connection property.

Connecting Through a Firewall or Proxy

HTTP Proxies

To authenticate to an HTTP proxy, set the following:

• ProxyServer: the hostname or IP address of the proxy server that you want to route HTTP traffic through.
• ProxyPort: the TCP port that the proxy server is running on.
• ProxyAuthScheme: the authentication method the Cloud uses when authenticating to the proxy server.
• ProxyUser: the username of a user account registered with the proxy server.
• ProxyPassword: the password associated with the ProxyUser.

Other Proxies

Set the following properties:

• To use a proxy-based firewall, set FirewallType, FirewallServer, and FirewallPort.
• To tunnel the connection, set FirewallType to TUNNEL.
• To authenticate, specify FirewallUser and FirewallPassword.
• To authenticate to a SOCKS proxy, additionally set FirewallType to SOCKS5.

Overview

The Cloud models the Google BigQuery data defined within your Google Cloud organization. It can be further refined to retrieve data from a specified project and dataset.

Once connected, the Cloud mimics the hierarchy in Google BigQuery by modeling each project in Google BigQuery as its own catalog. Within a catalog, the datasets in the corresponding project are modeled as individual schemas. The tables and views within a dataset are modeled as tables and views within the respective schema. Additionally, the Cloud includes a static 'CData' catalog, containing a static 'Google BigQuery' schema, which contains information found outside the Google BigQuery hierarchy.

Catalogs

Each project in Google BigQuery is modeled as a catalog. For instance, if you have two projects in Google Cloud which have the IDs 'test-project' and 'cloud-data', then the Google BigQuery Cloud will show two catalogs, one named 'test-project' and the other named 'cloud-data'. The catalog may be specified in either the ProjectId connection property or the fully qualified table name.

Additionally, the data model contains a single static 'CData' catalog, which contains data on client-side views. Details on how to use it will be discussed further in the next section.

Schemas

Each dataset in a project is modeled as a schema in the project's corresponding catalog. For example, if the project 'test-project' has two datasets, 'DatasetTest' and 'BusinessData', then the 'test-project' catalog will have the schemas 'DatasetTest' and 'BusinessData'. The schema may be specified in either the DatasetId connection property or the fully qualified table name.

The 'CData' catalog contains one static 'Google BigQuery' schema. This schema contains client-side views such as 'PartitionsList' and 'PartitionsValues'. These client-side views can be accessed by setting catalog to 'CData' and schema to 'Google BigQuery'. For instance:

SELECT * FROM [CData].[Google BigQuery].PartitionsList

Tables

Tables are retrieved dynamically from Google BigQuery. For instance, if the table 'Accounts' is in the project 'test-project' and dataset 'BusinessData', then it can be queried as follows:

SELECT * FROM [test-project].[BusinessData].Accounts

By setting the ProjectId and DatasetId properties, a connection can be configured to retrieve data from a specific project and dataset so these do not need to be included in the query. For instance, if ProjectId is set to 'test-project' and DatasetId is set to 'BusinessData', then the query only needs to contain the table name, as shown below.

SELECT * FROM Accounts

Views

Views are client-side tables that cannot be modified. The Cloud uses these to report metadata about the Google BigQuery projects and datsets it is connected to. The following views are included with the Cloud:

Table	Description
Datasets	Lists all the accessible datasets for a given project.
PartitionsList	Lists the partitioning definitions for tables.
PartitionsValues	Lists the partitioning ranges for tables.
Projects	Lists all the projects for the authorized user.

The Cloud also supports server-side views defined within Google BigQuery. These views can be used in SELECT statements the same way as tables. However, view schemas can easily become out of date and the Cloud must refresh them. See RefreshViewSchemas for details.

Stored Procedures

Stored Procedures are actions that are invoked via SQL queries. The Cloud uses these to manage Google BigQuery tables and jobs and to perform OAuth operations.

In addition to the client-side stored procedures offered by the Cloud, support is also provided for server-side stored procedures defined in Google BigQuery. The Cloud supports both CALL and EXEC using the procedure's parameter names.

Note: The Cloud only supports IN parameters and resultset return values.

CALL `psychic-valve-137816`.Northwind.MostPopularProduct()
CALL `psychic-valve-137816`.Northwind.GetStockedValue(24, 0.75)

EXEC `psychic-valve-137816`.Northwind.MostPopularProduct
EXEC `psychic-valve-137816`.Northwind.GetStockedValue productId = 24, discountRate = 0.75

Views are similar to tables in the way that data is represented; however, views are read-only.

Queries can be executed against a view as if it were a normal table.

CData Cloud - Google BigQuery Views

Name	Description
Datasets	Lists all the accessible datasets for a given project.
PartitionsList	Lists the partitioning definitions for tables.
PartitionsValues	Lists the partitioning ranges for tables.
Projects	Lists all the projects for the authorized user.

Lists all the accessible datasets for a given project.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id [KEY]	String	The fully qualified and unique identifier for the dataset, used internally by BigQuery to reference the dataset across projects and regions.
Kind	String	The type of resource this record represents. For datasets, this typically returns 'bigquery#dataset'.
FriendlyName	String	A human-readable, descriptive name for the dataset. This name does not need to be unique and is often used in user interfaces.
DatasetReference_ProjectId	String	The ID of the project that contains the dataset. This serves as the container for the dataset and its resources.
DatasetReference_DatasetId	String	The ID of the dataset within the specified project. This is a unique name scoped to the project, excluding the project name itself.

Lists the partitioning definitions for tables.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id [KEY]	String	A unique identifier for the table partition, which typically includes the partition key and the partition value. This helps distinguish each partition within the table.
ProjectId	String	The ID of the Google Cloud project that owns the table containing the partitioned data.
DatasetId	String	The ID of the BigQuery dataset where the partitioned table is located.
TableName	String	The name of the BigQuery table that is partitioned. This table contains multiple partitions based on the specified column.
ColumnName	String	The name of the column that is used to define partitions in the table. This is typically a date or integer field.
ColumnType	String	The data type of the column used for partitioning. Common values include DATE, INTEGER, or TIMESTAMP depending on the partitioning strategy.
Kind	String	The method of partitioning applied to the table. Options include DATE (partitioned by date field), RANGE (partitioned by numeric ranges), or INGESTION (partitioned by data load time).
RequireFilter	Boolean	If the value is 'true', queries must include a filter on the partition column to avoid full table scans. If the value is 'false', filters are not mandatory when querying the table.

Lists the partitioning ranges for tables.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id	String	The unique identifier of the partition, which distinguishes it from other partitions in the same table.
RangeLow	String	The starting boundary of the partition’s value range. This is expressed as an integer for RANGE partitioning or a date for TIME or INGESTION partitioning.
RangeHigh	String	The ending boundary of the partition’s value range. This is expressed as an integer for RANGE partitioning or a date for TIME or INGESTION partitioning.
RangeInterval	String	The size of each partitioned range. Applies only to RANGE partitioning and defines how values are grouped into partitions.
DateResolution	String	The level of granularity applied to TIME or INGESTION partitioning. Valid values include DAY, HOUR, MONTH, and YEAR.
ProjectId	String	The ID of the Google Cloud project that owns the table associated with the partition.
DatasetId	String	The ID of the dataset that contains the partitioned table.
TableName	String	The name of the table that is partitioned and to which this partition belongs.

Lists all the projects for the authorized user.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id [KEY]	String	The globally unique identifier of the Google Cloud project, typically used in Application Programming Interface (API) requests and resource naming.
Kind	String	The type of resource represented by this entry. For example, 'bigquery#project'.
FriendlyName	String	The human-readable display name assigned to the project, often used for easier identification in the User Interface (UI).
NumericId	String	The numeric identifier automatically assigned to the project by Google Cloud. This ID is unique across all projects.
ProjectReference_ProjectId	String	A reference value that uniquely identifies the project, commonly used in API calls and schema definitions.

Stored procedures are function-like interfaces that extend the functionality of the Cloud beyond simple SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations with Google BigQuery.

Stored procedures accept a list of parameters, perform their intended function, and then return any relevant response data from Google BigQuery, along with an indication of whether the procedure succeeded or failed.

CData Cloud - Google BigQuery Stored Procedures

Name	Description
CancelJob	Cancels a running BigQuery job.
DeleteObject	Deletes an object from a bucket.
DeleteTable	Deletes the specified table from Google BigQuery.
GetJob	Retrieves the configuration information and execution state for an existing job.
InsertJob	Inserts a Google BigQuery job, which can then be selected later to retrieve the query results.
InsertLoadJob	Inserts a Google BigQuery load job, which adds data from Google Cloud Storage into an existing table.

Cancels a running BigQuery job.

Input

Name	Type	Description
JobId	String	The unique identifier of the BigQuery job you want to cancel.
Region	String	The geographic location where the job is running. Required for jobs outside the default US or EU multi-regions.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
JobId	String	The unique identifier of the job that was cancelled.
Region	String	The geographic location where the job was executing when it was cancelled.
Configuration_query_query	String	The SQL query text associated with the job that was cancelled.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_tableId	String	The table ID of the destination table that the cancelled job was configured to write results to.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_projectId	String	The project ID of the destination table that was specified in the cancelled job's configuration.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_datasetId	String	The dataset ID of the destination table that was specified in the cancelled job's configuration.
Status_State	String	The final state of the job, such as 'DONE' or 'CANCELLED'.
Status_errorResult_reason	String	A brief code indicating the reason the job failed or was cancelled, such as 'jobCancelled' or 'accessDenied'.
Status_errorResult_message	String	A detailed, human-readable message describing the error that occurred during job execution or cancellation.

Deletes an object from a bucket.

Input

Name	Type	Description
RemotePath	String	Path from which the object will be deleted, such as 'gs://cdata_test_bucket/temp.csv'.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	String	Indicator if the stored procedure was successful or not.

Deletes the specified table from Google BigQuery.

Input

Name	Type	Description
TableId	String	Specifies the ID of the table to delete. The Project ID and Dataset ID can be sourced from the connection properties or overridden using the format projectId:datasetId.TableId.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	String	Returns 'true' if the table was successfully deleted. If the deletion fails, an exception is thrown instead of returning 'false'.

Retrieves the configuration information and execution state for an existing job.

Input

Name	Type	Description
JobId	String	Specifies the unique identifier of the BigQuery job to retrieve. This is typically assigned when the job is created.
Region	String	Identifies the geographic location where the job is executing. This value is required for non-US and non-EU regions.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
JobId	String	Returns the unique identifier of the retrieved job. Matches the job ID specified in the input.
Region	String	Returns the region where the job is or was executing. Useful for region-specific configurations and troubleshooting.
Configuration_query_query	String	Returns the full SQL query string that was executed by the job.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_tableId	String	Returns the table ID where the query results were stored, if applicable.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_projectId	String	Returns the project ID that contains the destination table for the job results.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_datasetId	String	Returns the dataset ID that contains the destination table for the job results.
Status_State	String	Indicates the current lifecycle state of the job. Possible values include 'PENDING', 'RUNNING', and 'DONE'.
Status_errorResult_reason	String	Provides a concise error code representing the reason for job failure, if an error occurred.
Status_errorResult_message	String	Provides a detailed message describing the error encountered during job execution, if applicable.

Inserts a Google BigQuery job, which can then be selected later to retrieve the query results.

Input

Name	Type	Description
Query	String	The SQL query to execute in Google BigQuery. This can be a data retrieval query or a Data Manipulation Language (DML) operation.
IsDML	String	If the value is 'true', the query is treated as a DML statement, such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. If the value is 'false', the query is treated as a read-only operation. The default value is false.
DestinationTable	String	The fully qualified destination table for storing the query results, using the format projectId:datasetId.tableId. This field is required when using write dispositions other than 'WRITE_EMPTY'.
WriteDisposition	String	Specifies how the results should be written to the destination table. Possible options include truncating the existing table, appending to it, or writing only if the table is empty. The allowed values are WRITE_TRUNCATE, WRITE_APPEND, WRITE_EMPTY. The default value is WRITE_TRUNCATE.
DryRun	String	If the value is 'true', BigQuery performs a dry run to validate the query without executing it. If the value is 'false', the query runs normally.
MaximumBytesBilled	String	Sets an upper limit for the number of bytes BigQuery is allowed to process. If the query exceeds this limit, the job is cancelled before execution.
Region	String	The geographic region where the job should be executed. If not provided, defaults to the region specified in the connection or job configuration.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
JobId	String	The unique identifier assigned to the newly submitted BigQuery job.
Region	String	The region in which the job was submitted and is being executed.
Configuration_query_query	String	The SQL query text used in the job execution.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_tableId	String	The ID of the destination table where the query results were written.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_projectId	String	The ID of the Google Cloud project that contains the destination table.
Configuration_query_destinationTable_datasetId	String	The ID of the dataset that contains the destination table.
Status_State	String	The current status of the job, such as PENDING, RUNNING, or DONE.
Status_errorResult_reason	String	A brief error code explaining why the job failed, if applicable.
Status_errorResult_message	String	A detailed, human-readable error message returned by BigQuery, if the job encountered an error.

Inserts a Google BigQuery load job, which adds data from Google Cloud Storage into an existing table.

Input

Name	Type	Description
SourceURIs	String	A space-separated list of Google Cloud Storage (GCS) Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) that point to the source files for the load job. Each URI must follow the format gs://bucket/path/to/file.
SourceFormat	String	Specifies the format of the input files, such as CSV, JSON, AVRO, or PARQUET. The allowed values are AVRO, NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON, DATASTORE_BACKUP, PARQUET, ORC, CSV.
DestinationTable	String	The fully qualified table where the data should be loaded, formatted as projectId.datasetId.tableId.
DestinationTableProperties	String	A JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) object specifying metadata properties for the destination table, such as its friendly name, description, and any associated labels.
DestinationTableSchema	String	A JSON array defining the schema fields for the destination table. Each field includes a name, type, and mode.
DestinationEncryptionConfiguration	String	A JSON object containing Customer-managed Encryption Key (CMEK) settings for encrypting the destination table.
SchemaUpdateOptions	String	A JSON array of schema update options to apply when the destination table exists. Options may include allowing field addition or relaxing field modes.
TimePartitioning	String	A JSON object specifying how the destination table should be partitioned by time, including partition type and optional partitioning field.
RangePartitioning	String	A JSON object defining range-based partitioning for the destination table. Includes the partitioning field, start, end, and interval values.
Clustering	String	A JSON object listing the fields to use for clustering the destination table to improve query performance.
Autodetect	String	If the value is 'true', BigQuery automatically detects schema and format options for CSV and JSON files.
CreateDisposition	String	Specifies whether the destination table should be created if it does not already exist. Options include CREATE_IF_NEEDED and CREATE_NEVER. The allowed values are CREATE_IF_NEEDED, CREATE_NEVER. The default value is CREATE_IF_NEEDED.
WriteDisposition	String	Determines how data is written to the destination table. Options include WRITE_TRUNCATE, WRITE_APPEND, and WRITE_EMPTY. The allowed values are WRITE_TRUNCATE, WRITE_APPEND, WRITE_EMPTY. The default value is WRITE_APPEND.
Region	String	The region where the load job should be executed. Both the source GCS files and the destination BigQuery dataset must reside in the same region.
DryRun	String	If the value is 'true', BigQuery validates the job without executing it. Useful for estimating costs or checking errors. The default value is false.
MaximumBadRecords	String	The number of invalid records allowed before the entire job is aborted. If this value is not set, all records must be valid. The default value is 0.
IgnoreUnknownValues	String	If the value is 'true', fields in the input data that are not part of the table schema are ignored. If 'false', such fields cause errors. The default value is false.
AvroUseLogicalTypes	String	If the value is 'true', Avro logical types are used when mapping Avro data to BigQuery schema types. The default value is true.
CSVSkipLeadingRows	String	The number of header rows to skip at the beginning of each CSV file.
CSVEncoding	String	The character encoding used in the CSV files, such as UTF-8 or ISO-8859-1. The allowed values are ISO-8859-1, UTF-8. The default value is UTF-8.
CSVNullMarker	String	If set, specifies the string used to represent NULL values in the CSV files. By default, NULL values are not allowed.
CSVFieldDelimiter	String	The character used to separate fields in the CSV files. Common values include commas (,), tabs (\t), or pipes (|). The default value is ,.
CSVQuote	String	The character used to quote fields in CSV files. Set to an empty string to disable quoting. The default value is ".
CSVAllowQuotedNewlines	String	If the value is 'true', quoted fields in CSV files are allowed to contain newline characters. The default value is false.
CSVAllowJaggedRows	String	If the value is 'true', rows in CSV files may have fewer fields than expected. If 'false', missing fields cause an error. The default value is false.
DSBackupProjectionFields	String	A JSON list of field names to import from a Cloud Datastore backup.
ParquetOptions	String	A JSON object containing import-specific options for Parquet files, such as whether to interpret INT96 timestamps.
DecimalTargetTypes	String	A JSON list specifying the order of preference for converting decimal data types to BigQuery types, such as NUMERIC or BIGNUMERIC.
HivePartitioningOptions	String	A JSON object describing the source-side Hive-style partitioning used in the input files.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
JobId	String	The unique identifier assigned to the newly created load job.
Region	String	The region where the load job was executed.
Configuration_load_destinationTable_tableId	String	The ID of the destination table that received the loaded data.
Configuration_load_destinationTable_projectId	String	The ID of the project containing the destination table for the load job.
Configuration_load_destinationTable_datasetId	String	The ID of the dataset containing the destination table for the load job.
Status_State	String	The current execution state of the job, such as PENDING, RUNNING, or DONE.
Status_errorResult_reason	String	A brief error code that explains why the load job failed, if applicable.
Status_errorResult_message	String	A detailed message describing the reason for the job failure, if any.

You can query the system tables described in this section to access schema information, information on data source functionality, and batch operation statistics.

Schema Tables

The following tables return database metadata for Google BigQuery:

• sys_catalogs: Lists the available databases.
• sys_schemas: Lists the available schemas.
• sys_tables: Lists the available tables and views.
• sys_tablecolumns: Describes the columns of the available tables and views.
• sys_procedures: Describes the available stored procedures.
• sys_procedureparameters: Describes stored procedure parameters.
• sys_keycolumns: Describes the primary and foreign keys.
• sys_indexes: Describes the available indexes.

Data Source Tables

The following tables return information about how to connect to and query the data source:

• sys_connection_props: Returns information on the available connection properties.
• sys_sqlinfo: Describes the SELECT queries that the Cloud can offload to the data source.

Query Information Tables

The following table returns query statistics for data modification queries, including batch operations::

• sys_identity: Returns information about batch operations or single updates.

Lists the available databases.

The following query retrieves all databases determined by the connection string:

SELECT * FROM sys_catalogs

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database name.

Lists the available schemas.

The following query retrieves all available schemas:

          SELECT * FROM sys_schemas
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database name.
SchemaName	String	The schema name.

Lists the available tables.

The following query retrieves the available tables and views:

          SELECT * FROM sys_tables
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database containing the table or view.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the table or view.
TableName	String	The name of the table or view.
TableType	String	The table type (table or view).
Description	String	A description of the table or view.
IsUpdateable	Boolean	Whether the table can be updated.

Describes the columns of the available tables and views.

The following query returns the columns and data types for the [publicdata].[samples].github_nested table:

SELECT ColumnName, DataTypeName FROM sys_tablecolumns WHERE TableName='github_nested' AND CatalogName='publicdata' AND SchemaName='samples'

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the table or view.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the table or view.
TableName	String	The name of the table or view containing the column.
ColumnName	String	The column name.
DataTypeName	String	The data type name.
DataType	Int32	An integer indicating the data type. This value is determined at run time based on the environment.
Length	Int32	The storage size of the column.
DisplaySize	Int32	The designated column's normal maximum width in characters.
NumericPrecision	Int32	The maximum number of digits in numeric data. The column length in characters for character and date-time data.
NumericScale	Int32	The column scale or number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
IsNullable	Boolean	Whether the column can contain null.
Description	String	A brief description of the column.
Ordinal	Int32	The sequence number of the column.
IsAutoIncrement	String	Whether the column value is assigned in fixed increments.
IsGeneratedColumn	String	Whether the column is generated.
IsHidden	Boolean	Whether the column is hidden.
IsArray	Boolean	Whether the column is an array.
IsReadOnly	Boolean	Whether the column is read-only.
IsKey	Boolean	Indicates whether a field returned from sys_tablecolumns is the primary key of the table.
ColumnType	String	The role or classification of the column in the schema. Possible values include SYSTEM, LINKEDCOLUMN, NAVIGATIONKEY, REFERENCECOLUMN, and NAVIGATIONPARENTCOLUMN.

Lists the available stored procedures.

The following query retrieves the available stored procedures:

          SELECT * FROM sys_procedures
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database containing the stored procedure.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the stored procedure.
ProcedureName	String	The name of the stored procedure.
Description	String	A description of the stored procedure.
ProcedureType	String	The type of the procedure, such as PROCEDURE or FUNCTION.

Describes stored procedure parameters.

The following query returns information about all of the input parameters for the RefreshOAuthAccessToken stored procedure:

SELECT * FROM sys_procedureparameters WHERE ProcedureName = 'RefreshOAuthAccessToken' AND Direction = 1 OR Direction = 2

To include result set columns in addition to the parameters, set the IncludeResultColumns pseudo column to True:

SELECT * FROM sys_procedureparameters WHERE ProcedureName = 'RefreshOAuthAccessToken' AND IncludeResultColumns='True'

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the stored procedure.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the stored procedure.
ProcedureName	String	The name of the stored procedure containing the parameter.
ColumnName	String	The name of the stored procedure parameter.
Direction	Int32	An integer corresponding to the type of the parameter: input (1), input/output (2), or output(4). input/output type parameters can be both input and output parameters.
DataType	Int32	An integer indicating the data type. This value is determined at run time based on the environment.
DataTypeName	String	The name of the data type.
NumericPrecision	Int32	The maximum precision for numeric data. The column length in characters for character and date-time data.
Length	Int32	The number of characters allowed for character data. The number of digits allowed for numeric data.
NumericScale	Int32	The number of digits to the right of the decimal point in numeric data.
IsNullable	Boolean	Whether the parameter can contain null.
IsRequired	Boolean	Whether the parameter is required for execution of the procedure.
IsArray	Boolean	Whether the parameter is an array.
Description	String	The description of the parameter.
Ordinal	Int32	The index of the parameter.
Values	String	The values you can set in this parameter are limited to those shown in this column. Possible values are comma-separated.
SupportsStreams	Boolean	Whether the parameter represents a file that you can pass as either a file path or a stream.
IsPath	Boolean	Whether the parameter is a target path for a schema creation operation.
Default	String	The value used for this parameter when no value is specified.
SpecificName	String	A label that, when multiple stored procedures have the same name, uniquely identifies each identically-named stored procedure. If there's only one procedure with a given name, its name is simply reflected here.
IsCDataProvided	Boolean	Whether the procedure is added/implemented by CData, as opposed to being a native Google BigQuery procedure.

Pseudo-Columns

Name	Type	Description
IncludeResultColumns	Boolean	Whether the output should include columns from the result set in addition to parameters. Defaults to False.

Describes the primary and foreign keys.

The following query retrieves the primary key for the [publicdata].[samples].github_nested table:

         SELECT * FROM sys_keycolumns WHERE IsKey='True' AND TableName='github_nested' AND CatalogName='publicdata' AND SchemaName='samples'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
IsKey	Boolean	Whether the column is a primary key in the table referenced in the TableName field.
IsForeignKey	Boolean	Whether the column is a foreign key referenced in the TableName field.
PrimaryKeyName	String	The name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyName	String	The name of the foreign key.
ReferencedCatalogName	String	The database containing the primary key.
ReferencedSchemaName	String	The schema containing the primary key.
ReferencedTableName	String	The table containing the primary key.
ReferencedColumnName	String	The column name of the primary key.

Describes the foreign keys.

The following query retrieves all foreign keys which refer to other tables:

         SELECT * FROM sys_foreignkeys WHERE ForeignKeyType = 'FOREIGNKEY_TYPE_IMPORT'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
PrimaryKeyName	String	The name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyName	String	The name of the foreign key.
ReferencedCatalogName	String	The database containing the primary key.
ReferencedSchemaName	String	The schema containing the primary key.
ReferencedTableName	String	The table containing the primary key.
ReferencedColumnName	String	The column name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyType	String	Designates whether the foreign key is an import (points to other tables) or export (referenced from other tables) key.

Describes the primary keys.

The following query retrieves the primary keys from all tables and views:

         SELECT * FROM sys_primarykeys
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
KeySeq	String	The sequence number of the primary key.
KeyName	String	The name of the primary key.

Describes the available indexes. By filtering on indexes, you can write more selective queries with faster query response times.

The following query retrieves all indexes that are not primary keys:

          SELECT * FROM sys_indexes WHERE IsPrimary='false'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the index.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the index.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the index.
IndexName	String	The index name.
ColumnName	String	The name of the column associated with the index.
IsUnique	Boolean	True if the index is unique. False otherwise.
IsPrimary	Boolean	True if the index is a primary key. False otherwise.
Type	Int16	An integer value corresponding to the index type: statistic (0), clustered (1), hashed (2), or other (3).
SortOrder	String	The sort order: A for ascending or D for descending.
OrdinalPosition	Int16	The sequence number of the column in the index.

Returns information on the available connection properties and those set in the connection string.

The following query retrieves all connection properties that have been set in the connection string or set through a default value:

SELECT * FROM sys_connection_props WHERE Value <> ''

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Name	String	The name of the connection property.
ShortDescription	String	A brief description.
Type	String	The data type of the connection property.
Default	String	The default value if one is not explicitly set.
Values	String	A comma-separated list of possible values. A validation error is thrown if another value is specified.
Value	String	The value you set or a preconfigured default.
Required	Boolean	Whether the property is required to connect.
Category	String	The category of the connection property.
IsSessionProperty	String	Whether the property is a session property, used to save information about the current connection.
Sensitivity	String	The sensitivity level of the property. This informs whether the property is obfuscated in logging and authentication forms.
PropertyName	String	A camel-cased truncated form of the connection property name.
Ordinal	Int32	The index of the parameter.
CatOrdinal	Int32	The index of the parameter category.
Hierarchy	String	Shows dependent properties associated that need to be set alongside this one.
Visible	Boolean	Informs whether the property is visible in the connection UI.
ETC	String	Various miscellaneous information about the property.

Describes the SELECT query processing that the Cloud can offload to the data source.

See SQL Compliance for SQL syntax details.

Discovering the Data Source's SELECT Capabilities

Below is an example data set of SQL capabilities. Some aspects of SELECT functionality are returned in a comma-separated list if supported; otherwise, the column contains NO.

Name	Description	Possible Values
AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS	Supported aggregation functions.	AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, DISTINCT
COUNT	Whether COUNT function is supported.	YES, NO
IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_OPEN_CHAR	The opening character used to escape an identifier.	[
IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CLOSE_CHAR	The closing character used to escape an identifier.	]
SUPPORTED_OPERATORS	A list of supported SQL operators.	=, >, <, >=, <=, <>, !=, LIKE, NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL, AND, OR
GROUP_BY	Whether GROUP BY is supported, and, if so, the degree of support.	NO, NO_RELATION, EQUALS_SELECT, SQL_GB_COLLATE
OJ_CAPABILITIES	The supported varieties of outer joins supported.	NO, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL, INNER, NOT_ORDERED, ALL_COMPARISON_OPS
OUTER_JOINS	Whether outer joins are supported.	YES, NO
SUBQUERIES	Whether subqueries are supported, and, if so, the degree of support.	NO, COMPARISON, EXISTS, IN, CORRELATED_SUBQUERIES, QUANTIFIED
STRING_FUNCTIONS	Supported string functions.	LENGTH, CHAR, LOCATE, REPLACE, SUBSTRING, RTRIM, LTRIM, RIGHT, LEFT, UCASE, SPACE, SOUNDEX, LCASE, CONCAT, ASCII, REPEAT, OCTET, BIT, POSITION, INSERT, TRIM, UPPER, REGEXP, LOWER, DIFFERENCE, CHARACTER, SUBSTR, STR, REVERSE, PLAN, UUIDTOSTR, TRANSLATE, TRAILING, TO, STUFF, STRTOUUID, STRING, SPLIT, SORTKEY, SIMILAR, REPLICATE, PATINDEX, LPAD, LEN, LEADING, KEY, INSTR, INSERTSTR, HTML, GRAPHICAL, CONVERT, COLLATION, CHARINDEX, BYTE
NUMERIC_FUNCTIONS	Supported numeric functions.	ABS, ACOS, ASIN, ATAN, ATAN2, CEILING, COS, COT, EXP, FLOOR, LOG, MOD, SIGN, SIN, SQRT, TAN, PI, RAND, DEGREES, LOG10, POWER, RADIANS, ROUND, TRUNCATE
TIMEDATE_FUNCTIONS	Supported date/time functions.	NOW, CURDATE, DAYOFMONTH, DAYOFWEEK, DAYOFYEAR, MONTH, QUARTER, WEEK, YEAR, CURTIME, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, TIMESTAMPADD, TIMESTAMPDIFF, DAYNAME, MONTHNAME, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, EXTRACT
REPLICATION_SKIP_TABLES	Indicates tables skipped during replication.
REPLICATION_TIMECHECK_COLUMNS	A string array containing a list of columns which will be used to check for (in the given order) to use as a modified column during replication.
IDENTIFIER_PATTERN	String value indicating what string is valid for an identifier.
SUPPORT_TRANSACTION	Indicates if the provider supports transactions such as commit and rollback.	YES, NO
DIALECT	Indicates the SQL dialect to use.
KEY_PROPERTIES	Indicates the properties which identify the uniform database.
SUPPORTS_MULTIPLE_SCHEMAS	Indicates if multiple schemas may exist for the provider.	YES, NO
SUPPORTS_MULTIPLE_CATALOGS	Indicates if multiple catalogs may exist for the provider.	YES, NO
DATASYNCVERSION	The CData Data Sync version needed to access this driver.	Standard, Starter, Professional, Enterprise
DATASYNCCATEGORY	The CData Data Sync category of this driver.	Source, Destination, Cloud Destination
SUPPORTSENHANCEDSQL	Whether enhanced SQL functionality beyond what is offered by the API is supported.	TRUE, FALSE
SUPPORTS_BATCH_OPERATIONS	Whether batch operations are supported.	YES, NO
SQL_CAP	All supported SQL capabilities for this driver.	SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, TRANSACTIONS, ORDERBY, OAUTH, ASSIGNEDID, LIMIT, LIKE, BULKINSERT, COUNT, BULKDELETE, BULKUPDATE, GROUPBY, HAVING, AGGS, OFFSET, REPLICATE, COUNTDISTINCT, JOINS, DROP, CREATE, DISTINCT, INNERJOINS, SUBQUERIES, ALTER, MULTIPLESCHEMAS, GROUPBYNORELATION, OUTERJOINS, UNIONALL, UNION, UPSERT, GETDELETED, CROSSJOINS, GROUPBYCOLLATE, MULTIPLECATS, FULLOUTERJOIN, MERGE, JSONEXTRACT, BULKUPSERT, SUM, SUBQUERIESFULL, MIN, MAX, JOINSFULL, XMLEXTRACT, AVG, MULTISTATEMENTS, FOREIGNKEYS, CASE, LEFTJOINS, COMMAJOINS, WITH, LITERALS, RENAME, NESTEDTABLES, EXECUTE, BATCH, BASIC, INDEX
PREFERRED_CACHE_OPTIONS	A string value specifies the preferred cacheOptions.
ENABLE_EF_ADVANCED_QUERY	Indicates if the driver directly supports advanced queries coming from Entity Framework. If not, queries will be handled client side.	YES, NO
PSEUDO_COLUMNS	A string array indicating the available pseudo columns.
MERGE_ALWAYS	If the value is true, The Merge Mode is forcibly executed in Data Sync.	TRUE, FALSE
REPLICATION_MIN_DATE_QUERY	A select query to return the replicate start datetime.
REPLICATION_MIN_FUNCTION	Allows a provider to specify the formula name to use for executing a server side min.
REPLICATION_START_DATE	Allows a provider to specify a replicate startdate.
REPLICATION_MAX_DATE_QUERY	A select query to return the replicate end datetime.
REPLICATION_MAX_FUNCTION	Allows a provider to specify the formula name to use for executing a server side max.
IGNORE_INTERVALS_ON_INITIAL_REPLICATE	A list of tables which will skip dividing the replicate into chunks on the initial replicate.
CHECKCACHE_USE_PARENTID	Indicates whether the CheckCache statement should be done against the parent key column.	TRUE, FALSE
CREATE_SCHEMA_PROCEDURES	Indicates stored procedures that can be used for generating schema files.

The following query retrieves the operators that can be used in the WHERE clause:

SELECT * FROM sys_sqlinfo WHERE Name = 'SUPPORTED_OPERATORS'

Note that individual tables may have different limitations or requirements on the WHERE clause; refer to the Data Model section for more information.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
NAME	String	A component of SQL syntax, or a capability that can be processed on the server.
VALUE	String	Detail on the supported SQL or SQL syntax.

Returns information about attempted modifications.

The following query retrieves the Ids of the modified rows in a batch operation:

         SELECT * FROM sys_identity
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id	String	The database-generated Id returned from a data modification operation.
Batch	String	An identifier for the batch. 1 for a single operation.
Operation	String	The result of the operation in the batch: INSERTED, UPDATED, or DELETED.
Message	String	SUCCESS or an error message if the update in the batch failed.

Describes the available system information.

The following query retrieves all columns:

SELECT * FROM sys_information

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Product	String	The name of the product.
Version	String	The version number of the product.
Datasource	String	The name of the datasource the product connects to.
NodeId	String	The unique identifier of the machine where the product is installed.
HelpURL	String	The URL to the product's help documentation.
License	String	The license information for the product. (If this information is not available, the field may be left blank or marked as 'N/A'.)
Location	String	The file path location where the product's library is stored.
Environment	String	The version of the environment or rumtine the product is currently running under.
DataSyncVersion	String	The tier of CData Sync required to use this connector.
DataSyncCategory	String	The category of CData Sync functionality (e.g., Source, Destination).

Google BigQuery allows you to create external datasets that store data in Amazon S3 regions (like aws-us-east-1) or Azure Storage regions (like azure-useast2). The Cloud supports these datasets with two major limitations:

1. Google BigQuery treats external tables as read-only. You cannot execute INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE queries on them. They are also incompatible with DestinationTable because Google BigQuery cannot create destination tables in an external dataset.
2. Google BigQuery does not support the Storage API for external datasets. You must disable the UseStorageAPI option in order to query them. This limits the read throughput of the Cloud, so if you are executing large queries CData recommends that you copy your data into Google BigQuery for the best performance.

Data Type Mappings

The Cloud maps types from the data source to the corresponding data type available in the schema. The table below documents these mappings.

Google BigQuery	CData Schema
STRING	string
BYTES	binary
INTEGER	long
FLOAT	double
NUMERIC	decimal
BIGNUMERIC	decimal
BOOLEAN	bool
DATE	date
TIME	time
DATETIME	datetime
TIMESTAMP	datetime
STRUCT	See below
ARRAY	See below
GEOGRAPHY	string
JSON	string
INTERVAL	string

Note that the NUMERIC type supports 38 digits of precision and the BIGDECIMAL type supports 76 digits of precision. Most platforms do not have a decimal type that supports the full precision of these values (.NET decimal supports 28 digits, and Java BigDecimal supports 38 by default). If this is the case, then you can cast these columns to a string when queried, or the connection can be configured to ignore them by setting IgnoreTypes=decimal.

STRUCT and ARRAY Types

Google BigQuery supports two kinds of types for storing compound values in a single row, STRUCT and ARRAY. In some places within Google BigQuery these are also known as RECORD and REPEATED types.

A STRUCT is a fixed-size group of values that are accessed by name and can have different types. The Cloud flattens structs so their individual fields can be accessed using dotted names. Note that these dotted names must be quoted.

-- trade_value STRUCT<currency STRING, value FLOAT>
SELECT CONCAT([trade_value.value], ' ', NULLIF([trade_value.currency], 'USD'))
FROM trades

An ARRAY is a group of values with the same type that can have any size. The Cloud treats the array as a single compound value and reports it as a JSON aggregate.

These types may be combined such that a STRUCT type contains an ARRAY field, or an ARRAY field is a list of STRUCT values. The outer type takes precedence in how the field is processed:

/* Table contains fields: 
  stocks STRUCT<symbol STRING, prices ARRAY<FLOAT>>
  offers: ARRAY<STRUCT<currency STRING, value FLOAT>> 
*/

SELECT [stocks.symbol], /* ARRAY field can be read from STRUCT, but is converted to JSON */
       [stocks.prices], 
       [offers]         /* STRUCT fields in an ARRAY cannot be accessed */
FROM market

INTERVAL Types

The Cloud represents INTERVAL types as strings. Whenever a query requires an INTERVAL type, it must specify the INTERVAL using the BigQuery SQL INTERVAL format:

YEAR-MONTH DAY HOUR:MINUTE:SECOND.FRACTION

. All queries that return INTERVAL values use this format unless they appear in an ARRAY aggregate, where the format depends upon how the Cloud reads the data.

For example, the value "5 years and 11 months, minus 10 days and 3 hours and 2.5 seconds" in the correct format is:

5-11 -10 -3:0:0.2.5

Type Parameters

The Cloud exposes parameters on the following types. In each case the type parameters are optional, Google BigQuery has default values for types that are not parameterized.

• STRING(length)
• BYTES(length)
• NUMERIC(precision) or NUMERIC(precision, scale)
• BIGNUMERIC(precision) or BIGNUMERIC(precision, scale)

These parameters are primarily for restricting the data written to the table. They are included in the table metadata as the column size for STRING and BYTES, and the numeric precision and scale for NUMERIC and BIGNUMERIC.

Type parameters have no effect on queries and are not reported within query metadata. For example, in the example below the output of CONCAT is a plain STRING even though its inputs are a STRING(100) and b STRING(100).

SELECT CONCAT(a, b) FROM table_with_length_params

Table Descriptions

Google BigQuery supports setting descriptions on tables but the Cloud does not report these by default. Use ShowTableDescriptions to report table descriptions.

Primary Keys

Google BigQuery does not support primary keys natively, but the Cloud allows you to define them so they can be used in environments that require primary keys to modify data. Use PrimaryKeyIdentifiers to define primary keys.

Policy Tags

If policy tags from the Data Catalog service are defined on a table, you can retrieve them from the system tables using the PolicyTags column:

SELECT ColumnName, PolicyTags FROM sys_tablecolumns
WHERE CatalogName = 'psychic-valve-137816'
AND SchemaName = 'Northwind'
AND TableName = 'Customers'

The connection string properties are the various options that can be used to establish a connection. This section provides a complete list of the options you can configure in the connection string for this provider. Click the links for further details.

For more information on establishing a connection, see Establishing a Connection.

Authentication

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	Specifies the authentication method used to connect to Google BigQuery.
ProjectId	Specifies the Google Cloud project used to resolve unqualified table names and execute jobs in Google BigQuery.
DatasetId	Specifies the dataset used to resolve unqualified table references in SQL queries.
BillingProjectId	Specifies the Project ID of the billing project used to execute Google BigQuery jobs.

BigQuery

---

Property	Description
AllowLargeResultSets	Specifies whether large result sets are allowed to be stored in temporary tables.
DestinationTable	Specifies the Google BigQuery table where query results are stored.
UseQueryCache	Specifies whether to use Google BigQuery's built-in query cache for eligible queries.
PollingInterval	Specifies the number of seconds to wait between status checks when polling for query completion.
UseLegacySQL	Specifies whether to use Google BigQuery's Legacy SQL dialect instead of Standard SQL when generating queries.
PrivateEndpointNameAccessTokenUrl	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for retrieving an OAuth authorization Url when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameAuthUrl	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for retrieving an OAuth authorization Url when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameCloudStorage	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for Google Cloud Storage when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameBigQuery	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for the REST API when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameStorage	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for the Storage Read API when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameSts	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for STS when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Storage API

---

Property	Description
UseStorageAPI	Specifies whether to use the Google BigQuery Storage API for bulk data reads instead of the standard REST API.
UseArrowFormat	Specifies whether to use the Arrow format instead of Avro when reading data through the Google BigQuery Storage API.
StorageThreshold	Specifies the minimum number of rows a query must return for the provider to use the Google BigQuery Storage API to read results.
StorageTimeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that a Storage API connection may remain active before the provider resets the connection.

Uploading

---

Property	Description
InsertMode	Specifies the method used to insert data into Google BigQuery.
WaitForBatchResults	Specifies whether the provider should wait for Google BigQuery batch load jobs to complete before returning from an INSERT operation.
TempTableDataset	Specifies the prefix of the dataset used to store temporary tables during bulk UPDATE or DELETE operations.

OAuth

---

Property	Description
OAuthClientId	Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication.
OAuthClientSecret	Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.).
DelegatedServiceAccounts	Specifies a space-delimited list of service account emails for delegated requests.
RequestingServiceAccount	Specifies a service account email to make a delegated request.

JWT OAuth

---

Property	Description
OAuthJWTCert	Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store.
OAuthJWTCertType	Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate.
OAuthJWTCertPassword	Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank.
OAuthJWTCertSubject	Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate.
OAuthJWTIssuer	The issuer of the Java Web Token.
OAuthJWTSubject	The user subject for which the application is requesting delegated access.

SSL

---

Property	Description
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Logging

---

Property	Description
Verbosity	Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Schema

---

Property	Description
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
BrowsableCatalogs	Optional setting that restricts the catalogs reported to a subset of all available catalogs. For example, BrowsableCatalogs=CatalogA,CatalogB,CatalogC .
RefreshViewSchemas	Specifies whether the provider should automatically refresh view schemas by querying the views directly.
ShowTableDescriptions	Specifies whether table descriptions are returned through platform metadata APIs and system views like sys_tables and sys_views.
PrimaryKeyIdentifiers	Specifies rules for assigning primary keys to tables.
AllowedTableTypes	Specifies which types of tables are visible when listing tables in the dataset.
FlattenObjects	Specifies whether STRUCT fields in Google BigQuery are flattened into individual top-level columns.

Miscellaneous

---

Property	Description
AllowAggregateParameters	Specifies whether raw aggregate values can be used in parameters when the QueryPassthrough connection property is enabled.
ApplicationName	Specifies the name of the application using the provider, in the format application/version. For example, AcmeReporting/1.0.
AuditLimit	Specifies the maximum number of rows that can be stored in the in-memory audit table.
AuditMode	Specifies which provider actions should be recorded in audit tables.
AWSWorkloadIdentityConfig	Configuration properties to provide when using Workload Identity Federation via AWS.
AzureWorkloadIdentityConfig	Configuration properties to provide when using Workload Identity Federation via Azure.
BigQueryOptions	Specifies a comma-separated list of custom Google BigQuery provider options.
EmptyArraysAsNull	Specifies whether empty arrays are represented as null or as an empty array.
HidePartitionColumns	Specifies whether the pseudocolumns _PARTITIONDATE and _PARTITIONTIME are hidden in partitioned tables.
MaximumBillingTier	Specifies the maximum billing tier for a query, represented as a positive integer multiplier of the standard cost per terabyte.
MaximumBytesBilled	Specifies the maximum number of bytes a Google BigQuery job is allowed to process before it is cancelled.
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
PseudoColumns	Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.
SupportCaseSensitiveTables	Specifies whether the provider distinguishes between tables and datasets with the same name but different casing.
TableSamplePercent	Specifies the percentage of each table to sample when generating queries using the TABLESAMPLE clause.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait before timing out an operation.
WorkloadPoolId	The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool.
WorkloadProjectId	The ID of the Google Cloud project that hosts your Workload Identity Federation pool.
WorkloadProviderId	The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool provider.

This section provides a complete list of the Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	Specifies the authentication method used to connect to Google BigQuery.
ProjectId	Specifies the Google Cloud project used to resolve unqualified table names and execute jobs in Google BigQuery.
DatasetId	Specifies the dataset used to resolve unqualified table references in SQL queries.
BillingProjectId	Specifies the Project ID of the billing project used to execute Google BigQuery jobs.

Specifies the authentication method used to connect to Google BigQuery.

Possible Values

OAuth, OAuthJWT, AWSWorkloadIdentity, AzureWorkloadIdentity

Data Type

string

Default Value

"OAuth"

Remarks

• OAuth: Set this to perform OAuth authentication using a standard user account.
• OAuthJWT: Set this to perform OAuth authentication using an OAuth service account.
• GCPInstanceAccount: Set this to get Access Token from Google Cloud Platform instance.
• AWSWorkloadIdentity: Set this to authenticate using Workload Identity Federation via AWS. The Cloud authenticates to AWS according to the AWSWorkloadIdentityConfig and provides Google Security Token Service with an authentication token. The Google STS validates this token and produces an OAuth token that can access Google services.
• AzureWorkloadIdentity: Set this to authenticate using Workload Identity Federation via Azure. The Cloud authenticates to Azure according to the AzureWorkloadIdentityConfig and provides Google Security Token Service with an authentication token. The Google STS validates this token and produces an OAuth token that can access Google services.

Specifies the Google Cloud project used to resolve unqualified table names and execute jobs in Google BigQuery.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property works in combination with BillingProjectId to determine how queries are billed and how table names are resolved.

Job Execution

The Cloud must create a Google BigQuery job to execute certain operations, including:

• Complex SELECT statements
• UPDATE and DELETE statements
• INSERT statements when InsertMode is set to DML

The job’s billing project is selected using the following priority:

1. BillingProjectId is used if it is set.
2. Otherwise, this property is used.
3. If both are unset, the project is determined from the first fully qualified table in the query. A fully qualified table name includes the project ID, dataset ID, and table name, in the format: project.dataset.table

SELECT FirstName, LastName 
FROM `psychic-valve-137816`.`Northwind`.`customers`

This query runs under the psychic-valve-137816 project.

Note: When QueryPassthrough is enabled, only rules 1 and 2 apply. Either BillingProjectId or this property must be set to execute passthrough queries.

Table Resolution

This property also defines the default data project used to resolve unqualified table names.

In contrast to job execution (which prioritizes BillingProjectId), unqualified table references are resolved using ProjectId first.

When a table reference does not include a project, the Cloud uses the following order to determine the project:

1. This property, if set
2. Then BillingProjectId
3. If both are unset, the project is determined from the first fully qualified table in the query

/* Unqualified table: resolved using ProjectId */
SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM `Northwind`.`customers`

/* Fully qualified table: resolved using specified project */
SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM `psychic-valve-137816`.`Northwind`.`customers`

/* Mixed example: 'orders' is resolved using project from 'customers' */
SELECT * 
FROM `psychic-valve-137816`.`Northwind`.`customers`
INNER JOIN `Northwind`.`orders` ON ...

Note: When QueryPassthrough is enabled, only this property and BillingProjectId can be used to resolve unqualified tables. All cross-project references must be fully qualified.

Set this property to your active Google Cloud project to control billing and resolve table references when queries omit full project names.

Specifies the dataset used to resolve unqualified table references in SQL queries.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When a query references a table without specifying a dataset, this property determines how the Cloud resolves the dataset. Using a defined DatasetId can reduce ambiguity and improve reliability in query parsing, particularly in passthrough scenarios.

Tables in Google BigQuery can be referenced either with or without a dataset:

/* Unqualified reference (dataset resolved from connection) */
SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM `customers`

/* Fully qualified reference */
SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM `project-id`.`Northwind`.`customers`

The Cloud uses the following rules to resolve unqualified tables:

1. If DatasetId is set, its value is used as the default dataset.
2. If not set, the dataset of the first fully qualified table in the query is used to resolve any unqualified tables.

For example, in the following query, orders is treated as part of the Northwind dataset:

SELECT * FROM `project-id`.`Northwind`.`customers`
INNER JOIN `orders` ON ...

When QueryPassthrough is enabled, only the first rule applies. In passthrough mode, either set this property or qualify all table names explicitly.

Set this property when working with queries that include unqualified table names, especially if you're using passthrough or querying across multiple datasets.

Specifies the Project ID of the billing project used to execute Google BigQuery jobs.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property is used in conjunction with ProjectId to determine which project the Cloud uses when submitting queries and other Google BigQuery jobs.

In most cases, BillingProjectId is required when accessing datasets in a different project than the one used for billing, especially when using service account or OAuth authentication.

Set this property to the ID of the project that is billed for query execution. This is typically the project associated with your billing account.

Refer to the ProjectId property for more details on how project scoping and billing interact.

This section provides a complete list of the BigQuery properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
AllowLargeResultSets	Specifies whether large result sets are allowed to be stored in temporary tables.
DestinationTable	Specifies the Google BigQuery table where query results are stored.
UseQueryCache	Specifies whether to use Google BigQuery's built-in query cache for eligible queries.
PollingInterval	Specifies the number of seconds to wait between status checks when polling for query completion.
UseLegacySQL	Specifies whether to use Google BigQuery's Legacy SQL dialect instead of Standard SQL when generating queries.
PrivateEndpointNameAccessTokenUrl	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for retrieving an OAuth authorization Url when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameAuthUrl	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for retrieving an OAuth authorization Url when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameCloudStorage	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for Google Cloud Storage when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameBigQuery	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for the REST API when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameStorage	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for the Storage Read API when connecting with Private Service Connect.
PrivateEndpointNameSts	Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for STS when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Specifies whether large result sets are allowed to be stored in temporary tables.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

When set to true, the Cloud permits queries that return large result sets to write results to a temporary table. This is required when query results exceed Google BigQuery’s default response limits.

When set to false, large result sets may cause queries to fail unless pagination or result limiting is used.

Enable this property if you expect queries to return large datasets and want the Cloud to store those results using temporary tables in Google BigQuery.

Storing large result sets in temporary tables may increase query execution time and storage usage. Enable this option only when necessary.

Specifies the Google BigQuery table where query results are stored.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

Google BigQuery enforces limits on the size of query results returned directly. If a query exceeds this limit, it fails with an error such as "Response too large to return".

Setting this property allows the Cloud to write query results to a table in Google BigQuery, bypassing the response size limit. The driver retrieves results from the specified table after execution.

The value format depends on the SQL dialect in use:

• Standard SQL: project-name.dataset-name.table-name
• Legacy SQL (when UseLegacySQL is enabled): project-name:dataset-name.table-name

If you use this property with multiple connections, assign a unique destination table to each connection. Sharing a destination table between concurrent queries can cause data loss, as results may overwrite each other.

Use this property for queries expected to return large result sets or when using passthrough queries that require storing results explicitly in Google BigQuery.

Specifies whether to use Google BigQuery's built-in query cache for eligible queries.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

Google BigQuery automatically caches the results of recent queries. By default, if a matching cached result exists and the underlying data has not changed, Google BigQuery returns the cached result instead of re-executing the query. This improves performance and reduces cost without returning stale data since the cache is invalidated automatically when the referenced tables are modified.

When this property is set to true, the Cloud allows Google BigQuery to use cached results when available.

When set to false, the query is always executed directly against the current table data, bypassing the cache entirely.

Use this property to control whether cached results should be used for performance optimization. Disable caching for scenarios where full re-evaluation is necessary—such as benchmarking or auditing.

Specifies the number of seconds to wait between status checks when polling for query completion.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"1"

Remarks

This property applies only to queries where results are stored to a table instead of streamed directly to the Cloud. Polling occurs in the following scenarios:

• DestinationTable is set.
• AllowLargeResultSets is set to true and the query exceeds the Timeout threshold.
• UseStorageAPI is enabled and the query is too complex for immediate streaming.

In these cases, the Cloud submits the query and checks periodically to determine if results are ready. PollingInterval defines how many seconds to wait between each status check.

For example: PollingInterval=5 causes the Cloud to wait 5 seconds between polling attempts.

Using a shorter interval increases the number of API requests, which may be unnecessary for longer-running queries. A longer interval reduces polling frequency, but may delay result retrieval slightly after query completion.

Specifies whether to use Google BigQuery's Legacy SQL dialect instead of Standard SQL when generating queries.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

By default, the Cloud uses Standard SQL, which is the recommended and more feature-rich dialect supported by Google BigQuery.

When this property is set to true, the Cloud generates queries using Google BigQuery’s Legacy SQL dialect. Legacy SQL has different syntax and semantics and does not support certain modern features.

Key behavioral differences:

• When UseLegacySQL is set to true, the value of AllowLargeResultSets is used during query generation.
• When UseLegacySQL is set to false, the Cloud uses Standard SQL, and AllowLargeResultSets is ignored. Queries behave as if that property is always enabled.

Enable this property only if your environment requires compatibility with Legacy SQL, such as when working with legacy views, tools, or scripts that depend on that dialect. Standard SQL is generally more performant and flexible and is recommended for most use cases.

Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for retrieving an OAuth authorization Url when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When using Private Service Connect, the URI listed in this property is substituted for the default URI used to retrieve the OAuth authorization url, https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token.

This property should be set in either the format https://accounts-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com/o/oauth2/token or https://oauth2-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com/token.

For example, if your private server is 'xyz', then this property should be set to https://accounts-xyz.com/o/oauth2/token or https://oauth2-xyz.com/token.

Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for retrieving an OAuth authorization Url when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When using Private Service Connect, the URI listed in this property is substituted for the default URI used to retrieve the OAuth authorization url, https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth.

This property should be set in the format https://accounts-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com/o/oauth2/auth.

For example, if your private server is 'xyz', then this property should be set to https://accounts-xyz.com/o/oauth2/auth.

Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for Google Cloud Storage when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When using Private Service Connect, the URI listed in this property is substituted for the default URI used to connect to Google Cloud Storage, https://storage.googleapis.com.

This property should be set in the format https://storage-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com.

For example, if your private server is 'xyz', then this property should be set to https://storage-xyz.p.googleapis.com.

Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for the REST API when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When using Private Service Connect, the URI listed in this property is substituted for the default URI used to connect to the BigQuery REST API service, https://bigquery.googleapis.com.

This property should be set in the format https://bigquery-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com.

For example, if your private server is 'xyz', then this property should be set to https://bigquery-xyz.p.googleapis.com.

Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for the Storage Read API when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When using Private Service Connect, the URI listed in this property is substituted for the default URI used to connect to the Storage Read API service, https://bigquerystorage.googleapis.com:443.

This property should be set in the format https://bigquerystorage-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com:443.

For example, if your private server is 'xyz', then this property should be set to https://bigquerystorage-xyz.p.googleapis.com:443.

Specifies the custom endpoint name to use for STS when connecting with Private Service Connect.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When using Private Service Connect, the URI listed in this property is substituted for the default URI used to retrieve access tokens for external account authentication flows, https://sts.googleapis.com.

This property should be set in the format https://sts-myPrivateServer.p.googleapis.com.

For example, if your private server is 'xyz', then this property should be set to https://sts-xyz.p.googleapis.com.

This section provides a complete list of the Storage API properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
UseStorageAPI	Specifies whether to use the Google BigQuery Storage API for bulk data reads instead of the standard REST API.
UseArrowFormat	Specifies whether to use the Arrow format instead of Avro when reading data through the Google BigQuery Storage API.
StorageThreshold	Specifies the minimum number of rows a query must return for the provider to use the Google BigQuery Storage API to read results.
StorageTimeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that a Storage API connection may remain active before the provider resets the connection.

Specifies whether to use the Google BigQuery Storage API for bulk data reads instead of the standard REST API.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

When this property is set to true, the Cloud uses the Google BigQuery Storage API, which is optimized for high-throughput, low-latency data access.

Depending on the complexity of the query, the Cloud chooses one of two execution paths:

• Direct execution via the Storage API is used for simple queries that meet all of the following conditions:
  • Read all columns
  • Reference only one table
  • Contain no clauses other than LIMIT
• Query jobs whose results are read using the Storage API are used for all other queries. The Cloud submits a query job, stores the result in a temporary table, and uses the Storage API to read the result.

The Storage API typically offers better performance than the REST API but:

• Requires additional OAuth scopes when using a custom OAuth app
• Uses the StoragePageSize property instead of PageSize

If this property is set to false, the Cloud uses the Google BigQuery REST API, which:

• Requires no extra permissions
• Uses standard pricing
• Is slower and less efficient for large result sets

Keep this property enabled for faster and more efficient data access, especially when working with large datasets. Disable it only if you require simpler authentication or need to reduce dependency on the Storage API.

Specifies whether to use the Arrow format instead of Avro when reading data through the Google BigQuery Storage API.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

This property only takes effect when UseStorageAPI is enabled. When reading data from Google BigQuery using the Storage API, the Cloud can request the result set in different formats. By default, it uses Avro, but enabling this property switches the format to Arrow.

Using Arrow can offer performance benefits for certain workloads, particularly those involving time series data or tables with many date, time, datetime, or timestamp fields. In these cases, Arrow can result in faster reads and more efficient memory usage.

For most other datasets, the difference in performance between Avro and Arrow is minimal. Enable this property when working with temporal data types or when you observe performance bottlenecks with Avro in Storage API reads.

Specifies the minimum number of rows a query must return for the provider to use the Google BigQuery Storage API to read results.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"100000"

Remarks

This property is only applicable when UseStorageAPI is set to true.

When UseStorageAPI is true, the Cloud attempts to use the Google BigQuery Storage API for efficient result retrieval. If a query is too complex to run directly on the Storage API, the Cloud creates a query job and stores the results in a temporary table.

This property defines the minimum number of rows the job must return for the Cloud to use the Storage API to read from that table. If the result set contains fewer rows than the specified value, the Cloud returns the results directly without using the Storage API.

Valid values range from 1 to 100,000. For example: StorageThreshold=50000

This means the Storage API will be used only if the query job returns 50,000 rows or more. Setting a lower value allows more queries to use the Storage API which may improve performance for smaller result sets, but could increase API costs. Setting a higher value limits Storage API usage to only large result sets, which can help control usage and cost, but may result in slower performance for medium-sized queries.

This property has no effect on queries that can be executed directly on the Storage API, as those do not require query jobs. Adjust this setting based on the typical size of your query results.

Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that a Storage API connection may remain active before the provider resets the connection.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"300"

Remarks

Some networks, proxies, or firewalls automatically close idle connections after a period of inactivity. This can affect Storage API operations if the Cloud streams data faster than it can be consumed. While the consumer is catching up, the connection may be idle long enough to be closed externally.

To avoid connection failures, the Cloud resets the Storage API connection after it has been open for the number of seconds specified by this property. For example: StorageTimeout=600. This causes the Cloud to reset the connection after 10 minutes.

Set this value to 0 to disable automatic connection resets.

This section provides a complete list of the Uploading properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
InsertMode	Specifies the method used to insert data into Google BigQuery.
WaitForBatchResults	Specifies whether the provider should wait for Google BigQuery batch load jobs to complete before returning from an INSERT operation.
TempTableDataset	Specifies the prefix of the dataset used to store temporary tables during bulk UPDATE or DELETE operations.

Specifies the method used to insert data into Google BigQuery.

Possible Values

Streaming, DML, Upload

Data Type

string

Default Value

"Streaming"

Remarks

This property determines how data is uploaded during insert operations. Choose the insert mode based on your performance, data volume, and staging requirements.

Supported insert modes:

• Streaming: Uses the Google BigQuery streaming API (also called insertAll) to insert rows in real time.
• DML: Uses the Google BigQuery query API to construct and execute INSERT SQL statements for each row.
• Upload: Uses a Google BigQuery load job to upload data from temporary server-side storage.
• GCSStaging: Similar to Upload, but stages files in your own Google Cloud Storage bucket before loading. Requires setting GCSBucket.

When UseLegacySQL is set to true, only Streaming and Upload modes are supported. The legacy SQL dialect does not support DML statements.

Use this property to control how the Cloud handles insert operations, especially for high-volume or real-time data ingestion scenarios. For detailed guidance on tuning and usage, refer to Advanced Integrations.

Specifies whether the provider should wait for Google BigQuery batch load jobs to complete before returning from an INSERT operation.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

This property only applies when InsertMode is set to Upload.

By default, this property is set to true, meaning the Cloud waits until the batch load job has completed. This ensures that any errors encountered during execution are detected and reported immediately. It also helps manage Google BigQuery load job limits by preventing multiple concurrent jobs on the same connection.

If this property is set to false, the Cloud submits the load job and returns control to the application immediately without checking the final status. While this may reduce perceived latency, it introduces the risk of silent failures and requires the application to manually track job status. It also increases the chance of exceeding Google BigQuery rate limits if multiple jobs are submitted too quickly.

Leave this property enabled for more reliable insert behavior and automatic error handling. Disable it only if your application handles job monitoring and rate-limiting logic independently.

Specifies the prefix of the dataset used to store temporary tables during bulk UPDATE or DELETE operations.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"_CDataTempTableDataset"

Remarks

The Cloud uses Google BigQuery MERGE statements to perform bulk UPDATE and DELETE operations. These operations require staging the modified data in a temporary table. This property defines the prefix used to name the dataset where those temporary tables are created.

The full dataset name is derived by appending the region of the target table to the specified prefix. This ensures that the temporary and target tables reside in the same region, which is required by Google BigQuery and helps avoid cross-region data transfer charges.

For example, if this property is set to the default value (_CDataTempTableDataset), the Cloud generates region-specific datasets by appending the region name to the prefix.

/* Used for tables in the US region */
_CDataTempTableDataset_US
/* Used for tables in the Asia Southeast 1 region */
_CDataTempTableDataset_asia_southeast1

This ensures that temporary tables used during bulk operations are stored in the same region as the target tables. Google BigQuery requires this for MERGE operations, and it helps avoid additional latency or data transfer costs.

Each Google BigQuery region must have its own temporary dataset, based on the specified prefix.

Use this property to customize the prefix used for temporary datasets in bulk write operations. This can help align with naming conventions or avoid naming conflicts in shared environments.

This section provides a complete list of the OAuth properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
OAuthClientId	Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication.
OAuthClientSecret	Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.).
DelegatedServiceAccounts	Specifies a space-delimited list of service account emails for delegated requests.
RequestingServiceAccount	Specifies a service account email to make a delegated request.

Specifies the client ID (also known as the consumer key) assigned to your custom OAuth application. This ID is required to identify the application to the OAuth authorization server during authentication.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property is required in two cases:

• When using a custom OAuth application, such as in web-based authentication flows, service-based authentication, or certificate-based flows that require application registration.
• If the driver does not provide embedded OAuth credentials.

(When the driver provides embedded OAuth credentials, this value may already be provided by the Cloud and thus not require manual entry.)

OAuthClientId is generally used alongside other OAuth-related properties such as OAuthClientSecret and OAuthSettingsLocation when configuring an authenticated connection.

OAuthClientId is one of the key connection parameters that need to be set before users can authenticate via OAuth. You can usually find this value in your identity provider’s application registration settings. Look for a field labeled Client ID, Application ID, or Consumer Key.

While the client ID is not considered a confidential value like a client secret, it is still part of your application's identity and should be handled carefully. Avoid exposing it in public repositories or shared configuration files.

For more information on how this property is used when configuring a connection, see Establishing a Connection.

Specifies the client secret assigned to your custom OAuth application. This confidential value is used to authenticate the application to the OAuth authorization server. (Custom OAuth applications only.).

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property (sometimes called the application secret or consumer secret) is required when using a custom OAuth application in any flow that requires secure client authentication, such as web-based OAuth, service-based connections, or certificate-based authorization flows. It is not required when using an embedded OAuth application.

The client secret is used during the token exchange step of the OAuth flow, when the driver requests an access token from the authorization server. If this value is missing or incorrect, authentication fails with either an invalid_client or an unauthorized_client error.

OAuthClientSecret is one of the key connection parameters that need to be set before users can authenticate via OAuth. You can obtain this value from your identity provider when registering the OAuth application.

Notes:

• This value should be stored securely and never exposed in public repositories, scripts, or unsecured environments.
• Client secrets may also expire after a set period. Be sure to monitor expiration dates and rotate secrets as needed to maintain uninterrupted access.

For more information on how this property is used when configuring a connection, see Establishing a Connection

Specifies a space-delimited list of service account emails for delegated requests.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The service account emails must be specified in a space-delimited list.

Each service account must be granted the roles/iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator role on its next service account in the chain.

The last service account in the chain must be granted the roles/iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator role on the requesting service account. The requesting service account is the one specified in the RequestingServiceAccount property.

Note that for delegated requests, the requesting service account must have the permission iam.serviceAccounts.getAccessToken, which can also be granted through the serviceAccountTokenCreator role.

Specifies a service account email to make a delegated request.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The service account email of the account for which the credentials are requested in a delegated request. With the list of delegated service accounts in DelegatedServiceAccounts, this property is used to make a delegated request.

You must have the IAM permission iam.serviceAccounts.getAccessToken on this service account.

This section provides a complete list of the JWT OAuth properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

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Property	Description
OAuthJWTCert	Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store.
OAuthJWTCertType	Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate.
OAuthJWTCertPassword	Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank.
OAuthJWTCertSubject	Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate.
OAuthJWTIssuer	The issuer of the Java Web Token.
OAuthJWTSubject	The user subject for which the application is requesting delegated access.

Supplies the name of the client certificate's JWT Certificate store.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The OAuthJWTCertType field specifies the type of the certificate store specified in OAuthJWTCert. If the store is password-protected, use OAuthJWTCertPassword to supply the password..

OAuthJWTCert is used in conjunction with the OAuthJWTCertSubject field in order to specify client certificates. If OAuthJWTCert has a value, and OAuthJWTCertSubject is set, the CData Cloud initiates a search for a certificate. For further information, see OAuthJWTCertSubject.

Designations of certificate stores are platform-dependent.

Notes

• The most common User and Machine certificate stores in Windows include:
  • MY: A certificate store holding personal certificates with their associated private keys.
  • CA: Certifying authority certificates.
  • ROOT: Root certificates.
  • SPC: Software publisher certificates.
• In Java, the certificate store normally is a file containing certificates and optional private keys.
• When the certificate store type is PFXFile, this property must be set to the name of the file.
• When the type is PFXBlob, the property must be set to the binary contents of a PFX file (i.e. PKCS12 certificate store).

Identifies the type of key store containing the JWT Certificate.

Possible Values

PFXBLOB, JKSBLOB, PEMKEY_BLOB, PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB, SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB, XMLBLOB, BCFKSBLOB, GOOGLEJSONBLOB

Data Type

string

Default Value

"GOOGLEJSONBLOB"

Remarks

Value	Description	Notes
USER	A certificate store owned by the current user.	Only available in Windows.
MACHINE	A machine store.	Not available in Java or other non-Windows environments.
PFXFILE	A PFX (PKCS12) file containing certificates.
PFXBLOB	A string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in PFX (PKCS12) format.
JKSFILE	A Java key store (JKS) file containing certificates.	Only available in Java.
JKSBLOB	A string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in Java key store (JKS) format.	Only available in Java.
PEMKEY_FILE	A PEM-encoded file that contains a private key and an optional certificate.
PEMKEY_BLOB	A string (base64-encoded) that contains a private key and an optional certificate.
PUBLIC_KEY_FILE	A file that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate.
PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB	A string (base-64-encoded) that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate.
SSHPUBLIC_KEY_FILE	A file that contains an SSH-style public key.
SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB	A string (base-64-encoded) that contains an SSH-style public key.
P7BFILE	A PKCS7 file containing certificates.
PPKFILE	A file that contains a PPK (PuTTY Private Key).
XMLFILE	A file that contains a certificate in XML format.
XMLBLOB	Astring that contains a certificate in XML format.
BCFKSFILE	A file that contains an Bouncy Castle keystore.
BCFKSBLOB	A string (base-64-encoded) that contains a Bouncy Castle keystore.
GOOGLEJSON	A JSON file containing the service account information.	Only valid when connecting to a Google service.
GOOGLEJSONBLOB	A string that contains the service account JSON.	Only valid when connecting to a Google service.

Provides the password for the OAuth JWT certificate used to access a password-protected certificate store. If the certificate store does not require a password, leave this property blank.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property specifies the password needed to open a password-protected certificate store. To determine if a password is necessary, refer to the documentation or configuration for your specific certificate store.

This is not required when using the GOOGLEJSON OAuthJWTCertType. Google JSON keys are not encrypted.

Identifies the subject of the OAuth JWT certificate used to locate a matching certificate in the store. Supports partial matches and the wildcard '*' to select the first certificate.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"*"

Remarks

The value of this property is used to locate a matching certificate in the store. The search process works as follows:

• If an exact match for the subject is found, the corresponding certificate is selected.
• If no exact match is found, the store is searched for certificates whose subjects contain the property value.
• If no match is found, no certificate is selected.

You can set the value to '*' to automatically select the first certificate in the store. The certificate subject is a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For example: CN=www.server.com, OU=test, C=US, [email protected].

Common fields include:

Field	Meaning
CN	Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com.
O	Organization
OU	Organizational Unit
L	Locality
S	State
C	Country
E	Email Address

If a field value contains a comma, enclose it in quotes. For example: "O=ACME, Inc.".

The issuer of the Java Web Token.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The issuer of the Java Web Token. Enter the value of the service account email address.

This is not required when using the GOOGLEJSON OAuthJWTCertType. Google JSON keys contain a copy of the issuer account.

The user subject for which the application is requesting delegated access.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The user subject for which the application is requesting delegated access. Enter the email address of the user for which the application is requesting delegated access.

This section provides a complete list of the SSL properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

If you are using a TLS/SSL connection, use this property to specify the TLS/SSL certificate to be accepted from the server. If you specify a value for this property, all other certificates that are not trusted by the machine are rejected.

This property can take the following forms:

Description	Example
A full PEM Certificate (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIChTCCAe4CAQAwDQYJKoZIhv......Qw== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
A path to a local file containing the certificate	C:\cert.cer
The public key (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSq......AQAB -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
The MD5 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated)	ecadbdda5a1529c58a1e9e09828d70e4
The SHA1 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated)	34a929226ae0819f2ec14b4a3d904f801cbb150d

Note: It is possible to use '*' to signify that all certificates should be accepted, but due to security concerns this is not recommended.

This section provides a complete list of the Logging properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
Verbosity	Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"1"

Remarks

This property defines the level of detail the Cloud includes in the log file. Higher verbosity levels increase the detail of the logged information, but may also result in larger log files and slower performance due to the additional data being captured.

The default verbosity level is 1, which is recommended for regular operation. Higher verbosity levels are primarily intended for debugging purposes. For more information on each level, refer to Logging.

When combined with the LogModules property, Verbosity can refine logging to specific categories of information.

This section provides a complete list of the Schema properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
BrowsableCatalogs	Optional setting that restricts the catalogs reported to a subset of all available catalogs. For example, BrowsableCatalogs=CatalogA,CatalogB,CatalogC .
RefreshViewSchemas	Specifies whether the provider should automatically refresh view schemas by querying the views directly.
ShowTableDescriptions	Specifies whether table descriptions are returned through platform metadata APIs and system views like sys_tables and sys_views.
PrimaryKeyIdentifiers	Specifies rules for assigning primary keys to tables.
AllowedTableTypes	Specifies which types of tables are visible when listing tables in the dataset.
FlattenObjects	Specifies whether STRUCT fields in Google BigQuery are flattened into individual top-level columns.

Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

Listing all available database schemas can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of schemas in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

Optional setting that restricts the catalogs reported to a subset of all available catalogs. For example, BrowsableCatalogs=CatalogA,CatalogB,CatalogC .

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

Listing all available database catalogs can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of catalogs in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

Specifies whether the provider should automatically refresh view schemas by querying the views directly.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

Google BigQuery stores a static schema with each view. However, this schema is not updated when the underlying tables change. As a result, stored view schemas can become outdated, potentially causing query failures.

When this property is set to true, the Cloud queries each view to retrieve the current schema instead of relying on the stored schema. This ensures accuracy but may trigger a query job and incur additional overhead.

When set to false, the Cloud uses the stored view schema without validating it. This avoids creating query jobs, which can reduce overhead in environments where schema stability is guaranteed, but introduces the risk of failures if the view is out of sync with its base tables.

Keep this property enabled unless you're certain that your view schemas are stable or you need to avoid query jobs during schema discovery.

Specifies whether table descriptions are returned through platform metadata APIs and system views like sys_tables and sys_views.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

When this property is set to true, the Cloud retrieves and includes table descriptions defined in Google BigQuery metadata. These descriptions are returned through the platform’s metadata APIs and system views.

By default, this property is set to false to avoid the additional overhead required to fetch descriptions. Retrieving table descriptions requires a separate API request per table, which can significantly increase metadata query time in projects with many tables.

Enable this property if your application or users require access to descriptive metadata about tables. Disable it for faster metadata browsing, especially in large environments.

Specifies rules for assigning primary keys to tables.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

Google BigQuery does not natively support primary keys. However, certain operations such as updates, deletes, or integrations with external tools may require primary key definitions. This property allows you to define primary keys manually using a semicolon-separated list of rules.

Each rule follows the format: <table_pattern>=<comma-separated list of columns>

For example: PrimaryKeyIdentifiers="*=key;transactions=tx_date,tx_serial;user_comments="

This defines three rules:

• *=key: All tables use key as the primary key unless overridden. Tables that do not contain a key column will not have a primary key.
• transactions=tx_date,tx_serial: The transactions table uses tx_date and tx_serial as composite primary keys. If either of those columns is missing from the table, no primary key is assigned.
• user_comments=: The user_comments table is explicitly configured to have no primary key, overriding the default.

Rules may match just the table name, the dataset and table, or the project, dataset, and table for increasing specificity:

/* Rules with just table names use the connection ProjectId (or DataProjectId) and DatasetId.
   All these rules refer to the same table when ProjectId=someProject and DatasetId=someDataset */
someTable=a,b,c
someDataset.someTable=a,b,c
someProject.someDataset.someTable=a,b,c

You may quote table and column names using any valid SQL quoting style:

/* Any table or column name may be quoted */
`someProject`."someDataset".[someTable]=`a`,[b],"c"

If this property is not set, the Cloud uses schema files defined through Location to determine primary keys. Otherwise, all tables are treated as having no primary key by default.

Specifies which types of tables are visible when listing tables in the dataset.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"TABLE,EXTERNAL,VIEW,MATERIALIZED_VIEW"

Remarks

This property accepts a comma-separated list of table type values. The Cloud includes only the table types you specify when listing tables during metadata discovery. All other table-like entities are excluded from the results.

• TABLE: Standard Google BigQuery tables
• EXTERNAL: Read-only tables stored outside Google BigQuery, such as in Google Cloud Storage or Google Drive
• SNAPSHOT: Read-only tables that preserve the state of another table at a specific point in time
• VIEW: Standard Google BigQuery views
• MATERIALIZED_VIEW: Views that are automatically cached and refreshed when their base tables change

For example, to return only standard tables and views, set this property to: TABLE,VIEW.

Use this property to filter out unnecessary table types and streamline metadata results based on your application's needs.

Specifies whether STRUCT fields in Google BigQuery are flattened into individual top-level columns.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

When set to true, the Cloud flattens each field in a STRUCT column into its own column. The original STRUCT column is omitted from the results. This flattening is applied recursively for nested STRUCT fields.

For example, the following table is reported as three columns when flattening is enabled: location.coords.lat, location.coords.lon, and location.country

CREATE TABLE t(location STRUCT<coords STRUCT<lat FLOAT64, lon FLOAT644>, country STRING4>);

When set to false, the Cloud returns the STRUCT column as a single column containing a JSON object. In the example above, only the location column is reported.

Enable this property to access nested STRUCT fields as individual columns. Disable it if your application prefers to handle STRUCTs as JSON values.

This section provides a complete list of the Miscellaneous properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
AllowAggregateParameters	Specifies whether raw aggregate values can be used in parameters when the QueryPassthrough connection property is enabled.
ApplicationName	Specifies the name of the application using the provider, in the format application/version. For example, AcmeReporting/1.0.
AuditLimit	Specifies the maximum number of rows that can be stored in the in-memory audit table.
AuditMode	Specifies which provider actions should be recorded in audit tables.
AWSWorkloadIdentityConfig	Configuration properties to provide when using Workload Identity Federation via AWS.
AzureWorkloadIdentityConfig	Configuration properties to provide when using Workload Identity Federation via Azure.
BigQueryOptions	Specifies a comma-separated list of custom Google BigQuery provider options.
EmptyArraysAsNull	Specifies whether empty arrays are represented as null or as an empty array.
HidePartitionColumns	Specifies whether the pseudocolumns _PARTITIONDATE and _PARTITIONTIME are hidden in partitioned tables.
MaximumBillingTier	Specifies the maximum billing tier for a query, represented as a positive integer multiplier of the standard cost per terabyte.
MaximumBytesBilled	Specifies the maximum number of bytes a Google BigQuery job is allowed to process before it is cancelled.
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
PseudoColumns	Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.
SupportCaseSensitiveTables	Specifies whether the provider distinguishes between tables and datasets with the same name but different casing.
TableSamplePercent	Specifies the percentage of each table to sample when generating queries using the TABLESAMPLE clause.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait before timing out an operation.
WorkloadPoolId	The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool.
WorkloadProjectId	The ID of the Google Cloud project that hosts your Workload Identity Federation pool.
WorkloadProviderId	The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool provider.

Specifies whether raw aggregate values can be used in parameters when the QueryPassthrough connection property is enabled.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

When set to false, string parameters are automatically quoted and escaped. This ensures safe query construction, but prevents the use of raw aggregate values such as arrays or structs as parameters.

/*
 * If @x is set to: test value ' contains quote
 *
 * Result is a valid query
*/
INSERT INTO proj.data.tbl(x) VALUES ('test value \' contains quote')

/*
 * If @x is set to: ['valid', ('aggregate', 'value')]
 *
 * Result contains string instead of aggregate:
*/
INSERT INTO proj.data.tbl(x) VALUES ('[\'valid\', (\'aggregate\', \'value\')]')

When set to true, string parameters are inserted directly into the query without quoting or escaping. This allows raw aggregate values such as arrays or structs to be passed as parameters, but it requires that all literal strings are properly escaped by the user.

/*
 * If @x is set to: test value ' contains quote
 *
 * Result is an invalid query
*/
INSERT INTO proj.data.tbl(x) VALUES (test value ' contains quote)

/*
 * If @x is set to: ['valid', ('aggregate', 'value')]
 *
 * Result is an aggregate
*/
INSERT INTO proj.data.tbl(x) VALUES (['valid', ('aggregate', 'value')])

Enable this property if you need to pass raw aggregate values through parameters and can ensure proper manual escaping of strings.

Specifies the name of the application using the provider, in the format application/version. For example, AcmeReporting/1.0.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The Cloud identifies itself to Google BigQuery using a custom User-Agent header.

This header includes a fixed portion that identifies the client as a specific build of the CData Cloud, and an optional portion that reports the application name and version specified through this property.

Providing an application name helps with query attribution and monitoring in environments where multiple tools or services connect to Google BigQuery.

Set this property if you want your application name to appear in the User-Agent string sent in Google BigQuery API requests.

Specifies the maximum number of rows that can be stored in the in-memory audit table.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"1000"

Remarks

When auditing is enabled using the AuditMode property, AuditLimit controls how many rows are retained in the audit table at one time.

By default, this property is set to 1000, meaning only the 1000 most recent audit events are preserved. Older entries are removed as new ones are added.

To disable the limit and retain all audit rows, set the property to -1. This may significantly increase memory usage. In that case, clear the audit table periodically to manage resource consumption.

You can clear the audit table using a command like:

DELETE FROM AuditJobs#TEMP

Adjust this property based on your logging needs and available memory. Use higher values or disable the limit only if you plan to manage audit data manually.

Specifies which provider actions should be recorded in audit tables.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The Cloud can log internal actions it performs when running queries. When this property is set, the Cloud creates temporary in-memory audit tables to track the specified actions, including the timestamp, triggering query, and other relevant details.

By default, no audit modes are enabled, and the Cloud does not log any audit information. To enable auditing, set this property to a comma-separated list of supported modes.

The following audit mode is currently available:

Mode Name	Audit Table	Description	Columns
start-jobs	AuditJobs#TEMP	Records all jobs started by the Cloud	Timestamp,Query,ProjectId,Location,JobId

For example, to track Google BigQuery jobs started by the Cloud, set this property to: start-jobs.

Use this property to gain visibility into internal operations for monitoring or troubleshooting.

Refer to AuditLimit for guidance on managing the size of audit tables.

Configuration properties to provide when using Workload Identity Federation via AWS.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The properties are formatted as a semicolon-separated list of Key=Value properties, where the value is optionally quoted. For example, this setting authenticates in AWS using a user's root keys:

AWSWorkloadIdentityConfig="AuthScheme=AwsRootKeys;AccessKey='AKIAABCDEF123456';SecretKey=...;Region=us-east-1"

Configuration properties to provide when using Workload Identity Federation via Azure.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The properties are formatted as a semicolon-separated list of Key=Value properties, where the value is optionally quoted. For example, this setting authenticates in Azure using client credentials:

AzureWorkloadIdentityConfig="AuthScheme=AzureServicePrincipal;AzureTenant=directory (tenant) id;OAuthClientID=application (client) id;OAuthClientSecret=client secret;AzureResource=application id uri;"

Specifies a comma-separated list of custom Google BigQuery provider options.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property enables specialized Google BigQuery behaviors that are not exposed through standard connection settings.

Supported options:

Option	Description
gbqoImplicitJoinAsUnion	Preserves implicit joins rather than rewriting them as CROSS JOINs, which is the expected SQL92 behavior. BigQuery interprets implicit joins as UNION ALL, which may be useful for supporting legacy query patterns or specific transformations.

Use this property when you need to control specific Google BigQuery behaviors that aren’t handled through other settings.

Specifies whether empty arrays are represented as null or as an empty array.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

When this property is set to true, the Cloud represents empty arrays as "null". This aligns with how the Cloud handles empty aggregates and can help simplify downstream comparisons or processing logic.

When set to false, empty arrays are represented as "[]", which mimics the behavior of the native Google BigQuery Cloud.

Enable this property to normalize the handling of empty values by treating empty arrays as "null". Disable it if your application or tools expect an explicit empty array instead.

Specifies whether the pseudocolumns _PARTITIONDATE and _PARTITIONTIME are hidden in partitioned tables.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

When this property is set to false, partitioned tables include the pseudocolumns _PARTITIONDATE and _PARTITIONTIME in the reported schema. These columns can help filter queries and understand partition structure.

When set to true, the Cloud hides these columns, matching the behavior of the native Google BigQuery Cloud and the Google BigQuery web console.

Enable this property to suppress internal partition columns from metadata and result sets when they are not needed by your application.

Hiding these columns does not affect query execution, but may simplify schema handling in environments where internal fields are unnecessary.

Specifies the maximum billing tier for a query, represented as a positive integer multiplier of the standard cost per terabyte.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property limits the maximum billing tier that Google BigQuery can use when executing a query. If the query requires more resources than the specified tier allows, it fails with a "billingTierLimitExceeded" error. You are not charged for failed queries.

The billing tier is a positive integer that acts as a multiplier of the standard per-terabyte pricing. For example, setting MaximumBillingTier to 2 allows the query to consume up to twice the standard cost per TB.

If this property is not set, Google BigQuery uses the default billing tier configured for your Google Cloud project.

Use this property to control the cost exposure of complex or resource-intensive queries. If a query fails due to billing tier limits, the error message typically includes the estimated required tier.

Restricting the billing tier helps prevent runaway costs but may block queries that require higher compute capacity. Adjust the tier upward as needed based on the query’s resource demands and Google BigQuery’s cost estimate.

Specifies the maximum number of bytes a Google BigQuery job is allowed to process before it is cancelled.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property sets a billing cap for each job. If the job attempts to process more data than the specified limit, Google BigQuery cancels the job and you are not billed.

By default, there is no cap, and jobs are billed for all bytes processed.

This property only applies when using DestinationTable or when submitting jobs via the InsertJob stored procedure. Standard query jobs do not support byte limits and ignore this setting.

For example, setting MaximumBytesBilled to 1000000000 caps the job at approximately 1 GB of processed data.

Use this property to prevent unexpected billing charges from large queries. It is especially useful in environments where cost control is a priority.

Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.

Data Type

int

Default Value

-1

Remarks

The default value for this property, -1, means that no row limit is enforced unless the query explicitly includes a LIMIT clause. (When a query includes a LIMIT clause, the value specified in the query takes precedence over the MaxRows setting.)

Setting MaxRows to a whole number greater than 0 ensures that queries do not return excessively large result sets by default.

This property is useful for optimizing performance and preventing excessive resource consumption when executing queries that could otherwise return very large datasets.

Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property allows you to define which pseudocolumns the Cloud exposes as table columns.

To specify individual pseudocolumns, use the following format:

Table1=Column1;Table1=Column2;Table2=Column3

To include all pseudocolumns for all tables use:

*=*

Specifies whether the provider distinguishes between tables and datasets with the same name but different casing.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

By default, the Cloud treats table and dataset names as case-insensitive when retrieving metadata. If multiple tables or datasets exist with the same name but different casing (for example: Customers, customers, and CUSTOMERS), only one of them is shown in system views such as sys_tables.

When this property is set to true, the Cloud includes all case-variant tables and datasets in metadata. To prevent name collisions, the Cloud renames duplicate entries by appending disambiguating information to their names (for example: customers becomes customers_1).

This setting affects both metadata and queries. When the Cloud disambiguates table or dataset names in metadata, those renamed versions must also be used in SQL queries. For example, if two tables exist such as Customers and customers, you may need to query them as: "SELECT * FROM Customers" and "SELECT * FROM customers_1".

Enable this property if your environment contains tables and datasets with the same name in different casing and you need all of them represented in the metadata.

Specifies the percentage of each table to sample when generating queries using the TABLESAMPLE clause.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

When this property is set to a value greater than 0, the Cloud adds a TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (n PERCENT) clause to eligible table references during query generation.

/* Input SQL */
SELECT * FROM `tbl`

/* Generated Google BigQuery SQL when TableSamplePercent=10 */
SELECT * FROM `tbl` TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (10 PERCENT)

This instructs Google BigQuery to return a sample of approximately the specified percentage of rows.

Use this property to limit result size during exploration or testing of large tables. Set a value between 1 and 100 to indicate the sampling percentage.

Limitations:

• This property affects only generated SQL and has no effect when QueryPassthrough is enabled.
• The actual number of rows returned may exceed the specified percentage depending on how Google BigQuery implements sampling.
• The TABLESAMPLE clause is not supported on views. The Cloud omits the clause when generating queries against views.

Specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait before timing out an operation.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"300"

Remarks

This property controls how long the Cloud waits for a query or API operation to complete. If the operation does not finish within the specified time, the operation is cancelled and an exception is thrown.

If Timeout is set to 0, operations do not time out. They continue until they complete or encounter an error.

If Timeout is set to a positive number, and the operation exceeds the configured limit, the Cloud cancels the operation and returns a timeout error. For example: Timeout=600. This sets the timeout to 10 minutes.

Use this property to enforce a maximum execution time for long-running operations. Increase the value for large datasets or complex queries. Decrease it if you need to limit resource usage or responsiveness.

The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool.

The ID of the Google Cloud project that hosts your Workload Identity Federation pool.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The ID of the Google Cloud project that hosts your Workload Identity Federation pool.

The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool provider.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The ID of your Workload Identity Federation pool provider.

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b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form. This patent license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, such addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered by the Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other combinations which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is licensed hereunder.

c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor grants the licenses to its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances are provided by any Contributor that the Program does not infringe the patent or other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Each Contributor disclaims any liability to Recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of intellectual property rights or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the rights and licenses granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole responsibility to secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any. For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire that license before distributing the Program.

d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it has sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant the copyright license set forth in this Agreement.

3. REQUIREMENTS

A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code form under its own license agreement, provided that:

a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and

b) its license agreement:

i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors all warranties and conditions, express and implied, including warranties or conditions of title and non-infringement, and implied warranties or conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;

ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors all liability for damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental and consequential damages, such as lost profits;

iii) states that any provisions which differ from this Agreement are offered by that Contributor alone and not by any other party; and

iv) states that source code for the Program is available from such Contributor, and informs licensees how to obtain it in a reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software exchange.

When the Program is made available in source code form:

a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and

b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each copy of the Program.

Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained within the Program.

Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its Contribution, if any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent Recipients to identify the originator of the Contribution.

4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION

Commercial distributors of software may accept certain responsibilities with respect to end users, business partners and the like. While this license is intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributor who includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner which does not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") against any losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own expense.

For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibility alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay those damages.

5. NO WARRANTY

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of rights under this Agreement, including but not limited to the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations.

6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

7. GENERAL

If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.

If Recipient institutes patent litigation against a Contributor with respect to a patent applicable to software (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit), then any patent licenses granted by that Contributor to such Recipient under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. In addition, if Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, Recipient's obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this Agreement, but in order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is copyrighted and may only be modified in the following manner. The Agreement Steward reserves the right to publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. No one other than the Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement. IBM is the initial Agreement Steward. IBM may assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a suitable separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. Except as expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this Agreement are reserved.

This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation.

protobuf v. 3.5.1

Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Code generated by the Protocol Buffer compiler is owned by the owner of the input file used when generating it. This code is not standalone and requires a support library to be linked with it. This support library is itself covered by the above license.

Google API Protobuf Definitions (Arrow)

v1beta1/arrow.proto

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

1. Definitions.

"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.

"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.

"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.

"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.

"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.

2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:

(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and

(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and

(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.

To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.

Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

Google API Protobuf Definitions (Avro)

v1/avro.proto

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/v

vro TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

1. Definitions.

"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.

"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.

"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.

"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.

"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.

2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:

(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and

(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and

(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.

To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.

Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.