A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
} | SCOPE_IDENTITY() 

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM Accounts

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [AccountNumber] AS MY_AccountNumber FROM Accounts

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM Accounts

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM Accounts WHERE Industry = 'Data/Telecom OEM'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Accounts 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT AccountNumber) FROM Accounts 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT AccountNumber FROM Accounts 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT AccountNumber, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM Accounts GROUP BY AccountNumber

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   

   SELECT Accounts.AccountName, Contacts.FirstName, Contacts.LastName FROM Accounts, Contacts WHERE Accounts.AccountId=Contacts.AccountId

   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT AccountName, AccountNumber FROM Accounts  ORDER BY AccountNumber ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT AccountName, AccountNumber FROM Accounts LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM Accounts WHERE Industry = @param

See Explicitly Caching Data for information on using the SELECT statement in offline mode.

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Zoho CRM.

    SELECT * FROM Accounts WHERE PSEUDO = '@PSEUDO'