This page provides a guide to Establishing a Connection to Couchbase in CData Cloud, as well as information on the available resources, and a reference to the available connection properties.

Connecting to Couchbase

Establishing a Connection shows how to authenticate to Couchbase and configure any necessary connection properties to create a database in CData Cloud

Accessing Data from CData Cloud Services

Accessing data from Couchbase through the available standard services and CData Cloud administration is documented in further details in the CData Cloud Documentation.

Connect to Couchbase by selecting the corresponding icon in the Database tab. Required properties are listed under Settings. The Advanced tab lists connection properties that are not typically required.

Connecting to Couchbase

To connect to data, set the Server property to the hostname or IP address of the Couchbase server(s) you are authenticating to.

If your Couchbase server is configured to use SSL, you can enable it either by using an https URL for Server (like https://couchbase.server), or by setting the UseSSL property to True.

Couchbase Analytics

By default, the Cloud connects to the N1QL Query service. In order to connect to the Couchbase Analytics service, you will also need to set the CouchbaseService property to Analytics.

Couchbase Cloud

Set the following to connect to Couchbase Cloud:

• AuthScheme: Set this to Basic.
• ConnectionMode: Set this to Cloud.
• DNSServer: Set this to a DNS server. In most cases, this should be a public DNS service like 1.1.1.1 or 8.8.8.8.
• SSLServerCert: Set this to the TLS/SSL certificate to be accepted from the server. Any other certificate that is not trusted by the machine is rejected. Alternatively, set "*" to accept all certificates.

Authenticating to Couchbase

The Cloud supports several forms of authentication. Couchbase Cloud only accepts Standard authentication, while Couchbase Server accepts Standard authentication, client certificates, and credentials files.

Standard Authentication

To authenticate with standard authentication, set the following:

• AuthScheme: Set this to Basic.
• User: The user authenticating to Couchbase.
• Password: The password of the user authenticating to Couchbase.

Client Certificates

The Cloud supports authenticating with client certificates when SSL is enabled. To use client certificate authentication, set the following properties:

• AuthScheme: Set this to SSLCertificate.
• SSLClientCertType: The type of client certificate set within SSLClientCert.
• SSLClientCert: The client certificate in the format given by SSLClientCertType.
• SSLClientCertPassword (optional): The password of the client certificate, if it is encrypted.
• SSLClientCertSubject (optional): The subject of the client certificate, which, by default, is the first certificate found in the store. This is required if more than one certificate is available in the certificate store.

Credentials File

You can also authenticate using using a credentials file containing multiple logins. This is included for legacy use and is not recommended when connecting to a Couchbase Server that supports role-based authentication.

• AuthScheme: Set this to CredentialsFile.
• CredentialsFile: The path to the credentials file. Refer to Couchbase's documentation for more information on the format of this file.

Couchbase is a schema-free document database that provides high performance, availability, and scalability. These features are not necessarily incompatible with a standards-compliant query language like SQL-92.

The Cloud models the schema-free Couchbase objects into relational tables and translates SQL queries into N1QL or SQL++ (Analytics) queries to get the requested data. In this section we will show various schemes that the Cloud offers to bridge the gap with relational SQL and a document database.

Automatic Schema Discovery

When the Cloud first connects to Couchbase, it opens each bucket and scans a configurable number of rows from that bucket. It uses those rows to determine the columns in that bucket and their data types, as well as how to build flavored and child tables for any arrays within those documents. For Couchbase Enterprise version 4.5.1 and later, the Cloud may can also be configured to use the INFER command when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER. This allows the Cloud to get a more accurate column listing for the bucket, and to detect more complex flavors.

When using the Analytics service, the Cloud only does column and child table detection. Flavored tables are provided by Couchbase itself using shadow datasets. Also, Analytics mode does not currently have INFER support, so only row scan is supported.

For more details, refer to Automatic Schema Discovery to see how flavored tables and child tables are modelled from Couchbase data. Setting NumericStrings is also recommended as it can avoid type detection issues with certain kinds of text data.

Custom Schema Definitions

Optionally, you can use Custom Schema Definitions to project your chosen relational structure on top of a Couchbase object. This allows you to define your chosen column names, their data types, and the locations of their values in the Couchbase document.

Query Mapping

See Query Mapping for more details on how various N1QL and SQL++ operations are represented as SQL.

Vertical Flattening

See Vertical Flattening for more details on how arrays and objects are mapped into fields.

JSON Functions

See JSON Functions for more details on how to extract data from raw JSON strings.

Child Tables

If the documents within a bucket contain fields with arrays, then the Cloud will expose those fields as their own tables in addition to exposing them as JSON aggregates on the main table. The structure of these child tables depends upon whether the array contains objects or primitive values.

Array Child Tables

If the arrays contain primitive values like numbers or strings, the child table will have only two columns: one called "Document.Id" which is the primary key of the document containing the array, and one called "value" which contains the value within the array. For example, if the bucket "Games" contains these documents:

/* Primary key "1" */
{
  "scores": [1,2,3]
}

/* Primary key "2" */
{
  "scores": [4,5,6]
}

The Cloud will build a table called "Games_scores" containing these rows:

Document.Id	value
1	1
1	2
1	3
2	4
2	5
2	6

Object Child Tables

If the arrays contain objects, the child table will have a column for each field that occurs within the objects, as well as a "Document.Id" column which contains the primary key of the document containing the array. For example, if the bucket "Games" contains these documents:

/* Primary key "1" */
{
  "moves": [
    {"piece": "pawn", "square": "c3"},
    {"piece": "rook", "square": "d5"}
  ]
}

/* Primary key "2" */
{
  "moves": [
    {"piece": "knight", "square": "f1"},
    {"piece": "bishop", "square": "e4"}
  ]
}

The Cloud will build a table called "Games_moves" containing these rows:

Document.Id	piece	square
1	pawn	c3
1	rook	d5
2	knight	f1
2	biship	e4

NewChildJoinsMode

Note that the above data model is not fully relational, which has important limitations for use-cases that involve complex JOINs or DML operations on child tables. The NewChildJoinsMode connection property exposes an alternative data model which avoids these limitations. Please refer to its page in the connection property section of the documentation for more details.

Flavored Tables

The Cloud can also detect when there are multiple types of documents within the same bucket, as long as TypeDetectionScheme is set to Infer or DocType and CouchbaseService is set to N1QL. These different types of documents are exposed as their own tables containing only the appropriate rows.

For example, the bucket "Games" contains documents which have a "type" value of either "chess" or "football":

/* Primary key "1" */
{
  "type": "chess",
  "result": "stalemate"
}

/* Primary key "2" */
{
  "type": "chess",
  "result": "black win"
}

/* Primary key "3" */
{
  "type": "football",
  "score": 23
}

/* Primary key "4" */
{
  "type": "football",
  "score": 18
}

The Cloud will create three tables for this bucket: one called "Games" which contains all the documents:

Document.Id	result	score	type
1	stalemate	NULL	chess
2	black win	NULL	chess
3	NULL	23	football
4	NULL	18	football

One called "Games.chess" which contains only documents where the type is "chess":

Document.Id	result	type
1	stalemate	chess
2	black win	chess

And one called "Games.football" which contains only documents where the type is "football":

Document.Id	score	type
3	23	football
4	18	football

Note that the Cloud will not include columns in a flavored table that are not defined on the documents in that flavor. For example, even though both the "result" and "score" columns are included on the base table, "Games.chess" only includes "result" and "Games.football" only includes "score".

Flavored Child Tables

It is also possible for a flavored table to contain arrays, which will become their own child tables. For example, if the bucket "Games" contains these documents:

/* Primary key "1" */
{
  "type": "chess",
  "results": ["stalemate", "white win"]
}

/* Primary key "2" */
{
  "type": "chess",
  "results": ["black win", "stalemate"]
}

/* Primary key "3" */
{
  "type": "football",
  "scores": [23, 12]
}

/* Primary key "4" */
{
  "type": "football",
  "scores": [18, 36]
}

Then the Cloud will generate these tables:

Table Name	Child Field	Flavor Condition
Games
Games_results	results
Games_scores	scores
Games.chess		"type" = "chess"
Games.chess_results	results	"type" = "chess"
Games.football		"type" = "football"
Games.football_scores	scores	"type" = "football"

The Cloud maps SQL-92-compliant queries into corresponding N1QL or SQL++ queries. Although the mapping below is not complete, it should help you get a sense for the common patterns the Cloud uses during this transformation.

SELECT Queries

The SELECT statements are translated to the appropriate N1QL SELECT query as shown below. Due to the similarities between SQL-92 and N1QL, many queries will simply be direct translations.

One major difference is that when the schema for a given Couchbase bucket exists in the Cloud, a SELECT * query will be translated to directly select the individual fields in the bucket. The Cloud will also automatically create a Document.Id column based on the primary key of each document in the bucket.

SQL Query	N1QL Query
SELECT * FROM users	SELECT META(`users`).id AS `id`, ... FROM `users`
SELECT [Document.Id], status FROM users	SELECT META(`users`).id AS `Document.Id`, `users`.`status` FROM `users`
SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = 'A' OR age = 50	SELECT META(`users`).id AS `id`, ... FROM `users` WHERE TOSTRING(`users`.`status`) = "A" OR TONUMBER(`users`.`age`) = 50
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'A%'	SELECT META(`users`).id AS `id`, ... FROM `users` WHERE TOSTRING(`users`.`name`) LIKE "A%"
SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = 'A' ORDER BY [Document.Id] DESC	SELECT META(`users`).id AS `id`, ... FROM `users` WHERE TOSTRING(`users`.`status`) = "A" ORDER BY META(`users`).id DESC
SELECT * FROM users WHERE status IN ('A', 'B')	SELECT META(`users`).id, ... FROM `users` WHERE TOSTRING(`users`.`status`) IN ["A", "B"]

Note that conditions can include extra type functions if the Cloud detects that a type conversion may be necessary. You can disable these type conversions using the StrictComparison property. For clarity, the rest of the N1QL samples are shown without these extra conversion functions.

USE KEYS Optimizations

When a query has either equals or IN clause that targets the Document.Id column, and there is no OR clause to override it, the Cloud will convert the Document.Id filter into a USE KEYS clause. This avoids the overhead of scanning an index because the document keys are already known to the N1QL engine (this optimization does not apply to the Analytics CouchbaseService).

SQL Query	N1QL Query
SELECT * FROM users WHERE [Document.Id] = '1'	SELECT ... FROM `users` USE KEYS ["1"]
SELECT * FROM users WHERE [Document.Id] IN ('2', '3')	SELECT ... FROM `users` USE KEYS ["2", "3"]
SELECT * FROM users WHERE [Document.Id] = '4' OR [Document.Id] = '5'	SELECT ... FROM `users` USE KEYS ["4", "5"]
SELECT * FROM users WHERE [Document.Id] = '6' AND status = 'A'	SELECT ... FROM `users` USE KEYS ["6"] WHERE `status` = "A"

In addition to being used for SELECT queries, the same optimization is performed for DML operations as shown below.

Child Tables

As long as all the child tables in a query share the same parent, and they are combined using INNER JOINs on their Document.Id columns, the Cloud will combine the JOINs into a single UNNEST expression. Unlike N1QL UNNEST queries, you must explicitly JOIN with the base table if you want to access its fields.

SQL Query	N1QL Query
SELECT * FROM users_posts	SELECT META(`users`).id, `users_posts`.`text`, ... FROM `users` UNNEST `users`.`posts` AS `users_posts`
SELECT * FROM users INNER JOIN users_posts ON users.[Document.Id] = users_posts.[Document.Id]	SELECT META(`users`).id, `users`.`name`, ..., `users_posts`.`text`, ... FROM `users` UNNEST `users`.`posts` AS `users_posts`
SELECT * FROM users INNER JOIN users_posts ... INNER JOIN users_comments ON ...	SELECT ... FROM `users` UNNEST `users`.`posts` AS `users_posts` UNNEST `users`.`comments` AS `users_comments`

Flavor Tables

Flavored tables always have the appropriate condition included when you query, so that only documents from the flavor will be returned:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
SELECT * FROM [users.subscriber]	SELECT ... FROM `users` WHERE `docType` = "subscriber"
SELECT * FROM [users.subscriber] WHERE age > 50	SELECT ... FROM `users` WHERE `docType` = "subscriber" AND `age` > 50

Aggregate Queries

N1QL has several built-in aggregate functions. The Cloud makes extensive use of this for various aggregate queries. See some examples below:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
SELECT Count(*) As Count FROM Orders	SELECT Count(*) AS `count` FROM `Orders`
SELECT Sum(price) As total FROM Orders	SELECT Sum(`price`) As `total` FROM `Orders`
SELECT cust_id, Sum(price) As total FROM Orders GROUP BY cust_id ORDER BY total	SELECT `cust_id`, Sum(`price`) As `total` FROM `Orders` GROUP BY `cust_id` ORDER BY `total`
SELECT cust_id, ord_date, Sum(price) As total FROM Orders GROUP BY cust_id, ord_date Having total > 250	SELECT `cust_id`, `ord_date`, Sum(`price`) As `total` FROM `Orders` GROUP BY `cust_id`, `ord_date` Having `total` > 250

INSERT Statements

The SQL INSERT statement is mapped to the N1QL INSERT statement as shown below. This works the same for both top-level fields as well as fields produced by Vertical Flattening:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
INSERT INTO users ([Document.Id], age, status) VALUES ('bcd001', 45, 'A')	INSERT INTO `users` (KEY, VALUE) VALUES ('bcd001', { "age" : 45, "status" : "A" })
INSERT INTO users ([Document.Id], [metrics.posts]) VALUES ('bcd002', 0)	INSERT INTO `users` (KEY, VALUE) VALUES ('bcd002', {"metrics': {"posts": 0}})

Child Table Inserts

Inserts on child tables are converted internally into N1QL UPDATEs using array operations. Since that this does not create the top-level document, the Document.Id provided must refer to a document that already exists.

Another limitation of child table INSERTs is that multi-valued INSERTs must all use the same Document.Id. The provider will verify this before modifying any data and raise an error if this constraint is violated.

SQL Query	N1QL Query
INSERT INTO users_ratings ([Document.Id], value) VALUES ('bcd001', 4.8), ('bcd001', 3.2)	UPDATE `users` USE KEYS "bcd001" SET `ratings` = ARRAY_PUT(`ratings`, 4.8, 3.2)
INSERT INTO users_reviews ([Document.Id], score) VALUES ('bcd002', 'Great'), ('bcd002', 'Lacking')	UPDATE `users` USE KEYS "bcd001" SET `ratings` = ARRAY_PUT(`ratings`, {"score": "Great"}, {"score": "Lacking"})

Bulk INSERT Statements

Bulk INSERTs are also supported. The SQL Bulk INSERT is converted as shown below:

INSERT INTO users#TEMP ([Document.Id], KEY, VALUE) VALUES ('bcd001', 45, "A")
INSERT INTO users#TEMP ([Document.Id], KEY, VALUE) VALUES ('bcd002', 24, "B")
INSERT INTO users SELECT * FROM users#TEMP

is converted to:

INSERT INTO `users` (KEY, VALUE) VALUES
  ('bcd001', {"age": 45, "status": "A"}),
  ('bcd002', {"age": 24, "status": "B"})

Like multi-valued INSERTs on child tables, all the rows in a bulk INSERT must also have the same Document.Id.

Update Statements

The SQL UPDATE statement is mapped to the N1SQL UPDATE statement as shown below:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
UPDATE users SET status = 'C' WHERE [Document.Id] = 'bcd001'	UPDATE `users` USE KEYS ["bcd001"] SET `status` = "C"
UPDATE users SET status = 'C' WHERE age > 45	UPDATE `users` SET `status` = "C" WHERE `age` > 45

Child Table Updates

When updating a child table, the SQL query is converted to an UPDATE query using either a "FOR" expression or an "ARRAY" expression:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
UPDATE users_ratings SET value = 5.0 WHERE value > 5.0	UPDATE `users` SET `ratings` = ARRAY CASE WHEN `value` > 5.0 THEN 5 ELSE `value` END FOR `value` IN `ratings` END
UPDATE users_reviews SET score = 'Unknown' WHERE score = ''	UPDATE `users` SET `$child`.`score` = 'Unknown' FOR `$child` IN `reviews` WHEN `$child`.`score` = "" END

Flavor Table Updates

Like flavor table SELECTs, UPDATEs on flavor tables always include the appropriate condition, so only docments belonging to the flavor are affected:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
UPDATE [users.subscriber] SET status = 'C' WHERE age > 45	UPDATE `users` SET `status` = "C" WHERE `docType` = "subscriber" AND `age` > 45

Delete Statements

The SQL DELETE statement is mapped to the N1QL DELETE statement as shown below:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
DELETE FROM users WHERE [Document.Id] = 'bcd001'	DELETE FROM `users` USE KEYS ["bcd001"]
DELETE FROM users WHERE status = 'inactive'	DELETE FROM `users` WHERE `status` = "inactive"

Child Table Deletes

When deleting from a child table, the SQL query is converted to an UPDATE query using an "ARRAY" expression:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
DELETE FROM users_ratings WHERE value < 0	UPDATE `users` SET `ratings` = ARRAY `value` FOR `value` IN `ratings` WHEN NOT (`value` < 0) END
DELETE FROM users_reviews WHERE score = ''	UPDATE `users` SET `reviews` = ARRAY `$child` FOR `$child` IN `reviews` WHEN NOT (`$child`.`score` = "") END

Flavor Tables Deletes

Like flavor table SELECTs, DELETEs on flavor tables always include the appropriate condition, so only docments belonging to the flavor are affected:

SQL Query	N1QL Query
DELETE FROM [users.subscriber] WHERE status = 'inactive'	DELETE FROM `users` WHERE `docType` = "subscriber" AND status = "inactive"

Example Document

/* Primary key "1" */
{
  "address" : {
    "building" : "1007",
    "coord" : [-73.856077, 40.848447],
    "street" : "Morris Park Ave",
    "zipcode" : "10462"
  },
  "borough" : "Bronx",
  "cuisine" : "Bakery",
  "grades" : [{
      "date" : "2014-03-03T00:00:00Z",
      "grade" : "A",
      "score" : 2
    }, {
      "date" : "2013-09-11T00:00:00Z",
      "grade" : "A",
      "score" : 6
    }, {
      "date" : "2013-01-24T00:00:00Z",
      "grade" : "A",
      "score" : 10
    }, {
      "date" : "2011-11-23T00:00:00Z",
      "grade" : "A",
      "score" : 9
    }, {
      "date" : "2011-03-10T00:00:00Z",
      "grade" : "B",
      "score" : 14
    }],
  "name" : "Morris Park Bake Shop",
  "restaurant_id" : "30075445"
}

Selecting Values In Objects

If the FlattenObjects property is configured to allow object flattening, then the Cloud will traverse objects and map the fields inside them as columns. For example, this query:

SELECT [address.building], [address.street] FROM restaurants

Would return this resultset:

address.building	addres.street
1007	Morris Park Ave

Selecting Values In Arrays

If the FlattenArrays property is configured to allow array flattening, then the Cloud will traverse arrays and map their individual values as columns. For example, if Flatten Arrays were set to "2", then this query:

SELECT [address.coord.0], [address.coord.1] FROM restaurants

Would return this resultset:

address.coord.0	address.coord.1
-73.856077	40.838447

Note that array flattening should only be used in cases where you know the number of array items in advance, such as with "address.coord" which will always contain two items. For arrays like "grades" which can contain arbitrary numbers of items, consider using the child tables described in Automatic Schema Discovery instead, since they will allow you to read all of the values within the array.

User-defined functions are a new feature provided by Couchbase 7 and up. They can be used with the Cloud like normal functions but with a special naming convention for using scoped functions. Normally the Cloud requires that functions already exist before they are used, to define them refer to the Couchbase documentation on CREATE FUNCTION queries. These may be run at the Couchbase console or with the Cloud in QueryPassthrough mode.

Couchbase has support for both scalar functions as well as functions that return results from subqueries. The Cloud supports scalar functions within its SQL dialect but subquery functions can only be used when QueryPassthrough is enabled. The rest of this section covers the Cloud's SQL dialect and assums that QueryPassthrough is disabled.

Global Functions

In both N1QL and Analytics mode, global user-defined functions can be accessed using either their simple names or their qualified names. The simple name is just the name of the function:

SELECT ageInYears(birthdate) FROM users

Global functions may also be invoked by qualifying them with the default namespace. Qualified names are quoted names that contain internal separators, which by default is a period though this can be changed using the DataverseSeparator property. In both N1QL and Analytics the global namespace is called Default:

SELECT [Default.ageInYears](birthdate) FROM users

Calling global functions using simple names is recommended. While the default qualfier is supported, its only intended use is for when a UDF clashes with a standard SQL function that the Cloud would otherwise translate.

Scoped Functions

Both N1QL and Analytics also allow functions to be defined outside of a global context. In Analytics functions can be attached to both dataverses and scopes which are called using two-part and three-part names respectively. In N1QL functions may only be attached to scopes so only three-part names may be used.

/* N1QL AND Analytics */
SELECT [socialNetwork.accounts.ageInYears](birthdate) FROM [socialNetwork.accounts.users]

/* Analytics only */
SELECT [socailNetwork.ageInYears](birthdate) FROM [socialNetwork.accounts.users]

The Cloud can return JSON structures as column values. The Cloud enables you to use standard SQL functions to work with these JSON structures. The examples in this section use the following array:

[
     { "grade": "A", "score": 2 },
     { "grade": "A", "score": 6 },
     { "grade": "A", "score": 10 },
     { "grade": "A", "score": 9 },
     { "grade": "B", "score": 14 }
]

JSON_EXTRACT

The JSON_EXTRACT function can extract individual values from a JSON object. The following query returns the values shown below based on the JSON path passed as the second argument to the function:

SELECT Name, JSON_EXTRACT(grades,'[0].grade') AS Grade, JSON_EXTRACT(grades,'[0].score') AS Score FROM Students;

Column Name	Example Value
Grade	A
Score	2

JSON_COUNT

The JSON_COUNT function returns the number of elements in a JSON array within a JSON object. The following query returns the number of elements specified by the JSON path passed as the second argument to the function:

SELECT Name, JSON_COUNT(grades,'[x]') AS NumberOfGrades FROM Students;

Column Name	Example Value
NumberOfGrades	5

JSON_SUM

The JSON_SUM function returns the sum of the numeric values of a JSON array within a JSON object. The following query returns the total of the values specified by the JSON path passed as the second argument to the function:

SELECT Name, JSON_SUM(score,'[x].score') AS TotalScore FROM Students;

Column Name	Example Value
TotalScore	41

JSON_MIN

The JSON_MIN function returns the lowest numeric value of a JSON array within a JSON object. The following query returns the minimum value specified by the JSON path passed as the second argument to the function:

SELECT Name, JSON_MIN(score,'[x].score') AS LowestScore FROM Students;

Column Name	Example Value
LowestScore	2

JSON_MAX

The JSON_MAX function returns the highest numeric value of a JSON array within a JSON object. The following query returns the maximum value specified by the JSON path passed as the second argument to the function:

SELECT Name, JSON_MAX(score,'[x].score') AS HighestScore FROM Students;

Column Name	Example Value
HighestScore	14

DOCUMENT

The DOCUMENT function can be used to return an document as a JSON string. DOCUMENT(*) can be used with any type of SELECT query, including queries including other columns, queries including just DOCUMENT(*), and even more complex queries like JOINs.

SELECT [Document.Id], grade, score, DOCUMENT(*) FROM grades

For example, that query would return:

Document.Id	grade	score	DOCUMENT
1	A	6	{"document.id":1,"grade":"A","score":6}
2	A	10	{"document.id":1,"grade":"A","score":10}
3	A	9	{"document.id":1,"grade":"A","score":9}
4	B	14	{"document.id":1,"grade":"B","score":14}

When used alone, DOCUMENT(*) returns the structure directly from Couchbase as if a N1QL or SQL++ SELECT * query were used. This means that no Document.Id value will be present since Couchbase does not include it automatically.

SELECT DOCUMENT(*) FROM grades

This query would return:

DOCUMENT
{"grades":{"grade":"A","score":6"}}
{"grades":{"grade":"A","score":10"}}
{"grades":{"grade":"A","score":9"}}
{"grades":{"grade":"B","score":14"}}

In addition to Automatic Schema Discovery the Cloud also allows you to statically define the schema for your Couchbase object. Schemas are defined in text-based configuration files, which makes them easy to extend. You can call the CreateSchema stored procedure to generate a schema file; see Automatic Schema Discovery for more information.

Set the Location property to the file directory that will contain the schema file. The following sections show how to extend the resulting schema or write your own.

Example Document

Let's consider the document below and extract out the nested properties as their own columns:

/* Primary key "1" */
{
  "id": 12,
  "name": "Lohia Manufacturers Inc.",
  "homeaddress": {"street": "Main "Street", "city": "Chapel Hill", "state": "NC"},
  "workaddress": {"street": "10th "Street", "city": "Chapel Hill", "state": "NC"}
  "offices": ["Chapel Hill", "London", "New York"]
  "annual_revenue": 35600000
}
/* Primary key "2" */
{
  "id": 15,
  "name": "Piago Industries",
  "homeaddress": {street": "Main Street", "city": "San Francisco", "state": "CA"},
  "workaddress": {street": "10th Street", "city": "San Francisco", "state": "CA"}
  "offices": ["Durham", "San Francisco"]
  "annual_revenue": 42600000
}

Custom Schema Definition

<rsb:info title="Customers" description="Customers" other:dataverse="" other:bucket=customers"" other:flavorexpr="" other:flavorvalue="" other:isarray="false" other:pathspec="" other:childpath="">
  <attr name="document.id"        xs:type="string"  key="true" other:iskey="true" other:pathspec=""  />
  <attr name="annual_revenue"     xs:type="integer" other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="annual_revenue" />
  <attr name="homeaddress.city"   xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="homeaddress.city" />
  <attr name="homeaddress.state"  xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="homeaddress.state" />
  <attr name="homeaddress.street" xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="homeaddress.street" />
  <attr name="name"               xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="name" />
  <attr name="id"                 xs:type="integer" other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="id" />
  <attr name="offices"            xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="offices" />
  <attr name="offices.0"          xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="[" other:field="offices.0" />
  <attr name="offices.1"          xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="[" other:field="offices.1" />
  <attr name="workaddress.city"   xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="workaddress.city" />
  <attr name="workaddress.state"  xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="workaddress.state" />
  <attr name="workaddress.street" xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="workaddress.street" />
</rsb:info>

In Custom Schema Example, you will find the complete schema that contains the example above.

Table Properties

The schema above uses the following properties to define specific qualities for the whole table. All of them are required:

Property	Meaning
other:dataverse	The name of the dataverse the dataset belongs to. Empty if not an Analytics view.
other:bucket	The name of the bucket or dataset within Couchbase
other:flavorexpr	The URL encoded condition in a flavored table. For example, "%60docType%60%20%3D%20%22chess%22".
other:flavorvalue	The name of the flavor in a flavored table. For example, "chess".
other:isarray	Whether the table is an array child table.
other:pathspec	This is used to interpret the separators within other:childpath. See Column Properties for more details.
other:childpath	The path to the attribute that is used to UNNEST the child table. Empty if not a child table.

Column Properties

The schema above uses the following properties to define specific qualities for each column:

Property	Meaning
name	Required. The name of the column, lower-cased.
key	Used to mark the primary key. Required for Document.Id but optional for other columns.
xs:type	Required. The type of the column within the Cloud.
other:iskey	Required. Must be the same value as key, or "false" if key is not included.
other:pathspec	Required. This is used to interpret the separators within other:field.
other:field	Required. The path to the field in Couchbase.

Note that the fields which are produced by vertical flattening use the same syntax for separating array values and field values. This introduces a potential ambiguity in cases like the following, where the Cloud exposes the columns "numeric_object.0" and "array.0":

{
  "numeric_object": {
    "0": 0
  },
  "array": [
    0
  ]
}

To ensure that the Cloud can distinguish between field and array accesses, the pathspec is used to determine whether each "." in the field is an array or an object. Each "{" represents a field access, while each "[" represents an array access.

For example, with a field of "a.0.b.1" and a "pathspec" of "[{[", the N1QL expression "a[0].b[1]" would be generated. If instead the "pathspec" were "{{{", then the N1QL expression "a.`0`.b.`1`" would be generated.

This section contains a complete schema. Set the Location property to the file directory that will contain the schema file. The info section enables a relational view of a Couchbase object. For more details, see Custom Schema Definitions. The table below allows the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands as implemented in the GET, POST, MERGE, and DELETE sections of the schema below. The operations, such as couchbaseadoSysData, are internal implementations.

<rsb:script xmlns:rsb="http://www.rssbus.com/ns/rsbscript/2">  
  <rsb:info title="Customers" description="Customers" other:dataverse="" other:bucket=customers"" other:flavorexpr="" other:flavorvalue="" other:isarray="false" other:pathspec="" other:childpath="">
    <attr name="document.id"        xs:type="string"  key="true" other:iskey="true" other:pathspec=""  />
    <attr name="annual_revenue"     xs:type="integer" other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="annual_revenue" />
    <attr name="homeaddress.city"   xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="homeaddress.city" />
    <attr name="homeaddress.state"  xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="homeaddress.state" />
    <attr name="homeaddress.street" xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="homeaddress.street" />
    <attr name="name"               xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="name" />
    <attr name="id"                 xs:type="integer" other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="id" />
    <attr name="offices"            xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec=""  other:field="offices" />
    <attr name="offices.0"          xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="[" other:field="offices.0" />
    <attr name="offices.1"          xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="[" other:field="offices.1" />
    <attr name="workaddress.city"   xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="workaddress.city" />
    <attr name="workaddress.state"  xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="workaddress.state" />
    <attr name="workaddress.street" xs:type="string"  other:iskey="false"           other:pathspec="{" other:field="workaddress.street" />
  </rsb:info>
</rsb:script>

Customizing the SSL Configuration

By default, the Cloud attempts to negotiate TLS with the server. The server certificate is validated against the default system trusted certificate store. You can override how the certificate gets validated using the SSLServerCert connection property.

To specify another certificate, see the SSLServerCert connection property.

Client SSL Certificates

The Couchbase Cloud also supports setting client certificates. Set the following to connect using a client certificate.

• SSLClientCert: The name of the certificate store for the client certificate.
• SSLClientCertType: The type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate.
• SSLClientCertPassword: The password for the TLS/SSL client certificate.
• SSLClientCertSubject: The subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate.

Connecting Through a Firewall or Proxy

HTTP Proxies

To authenticate to an HTTP proxy, set the following:

• ProxyServer: the hostname or IP address of the proxy server that you want to route HTTP traffic through.
• ProxyPort: the TCP port that the proxy server is running on.
• ProxyAuthScheme: the authentication method the Cloud uses when authenticating to the proxy server.
• ProxyUser: the username of a user account registered with the proxy server.
• ProxyPassword: the password associated with the ProxyUser.

Other Proxies

Set the following properties:

• To use a proxy-based firewall, set FirewallType, FirewallServer, and FirewallPort.
• To tunnel the connection, set FirewallType to TUNNEL.
• To authenticate, specify FirewallUser and FirewallPassword.
• To authenticate to a SOCKS proxy, additionally set FirewallType to SOCKS5.

Overview

Depending upon the connection settings being used, the Cloud can present several different mappings between Couchbase entities and relational tables and views. For more details on each of these capabilities, refer to the NoSQL portion of this documentation.

• When connecting to the N1QL query service, the Cloud models Couchbase buckets as relational tables. In addition, if TypeDetectionScheme is set to DocType or Infer, the Cloud will present different document flavors in each bucket as their own tables.
• When connecting to the Analytics service, the Cloud models Couchbase datasets as relational views.
• When connecting with either service, the Cloud can expose arrays of data as child tables or views.

Please see the Automatic Schema Discovery section for more details on how flavor and child tables are exposed. In addition, the NewChildJoinsMode connection property is recommended for workflows that make heavy use of child tables. The documentation for that connection property details the improvements it makes to the Cloud data model.

Dataverses, Scopes and Collections

Couchbase has different ways of grouping buckets and datasets depending on the CouchbaseService and version of Couchbase you are connecting to:

• Couchbase organizes Analytics datsets into groups called dataverses. By default the Cloud exposes datasets from all dataverses using compound names like Default.users as described in DataverseSeparator. It is important to remember that these compound names must be quoted when used in queries, for example SELECT * FROM [Default.users]
• You may also set the Dataverse property to limit the the Cloud to exposing a single dataverse. This disables compound names so view names will not include the dataset.
• When connecting to Couchbase 7 and above, the Cloud will use the scope, collection and bucket/dataset name to build table and view names. For example, a table with a name like crm.accounts.customers exposes the customers collection under the accounts scope of the crm bucket. These must be quoted the same as other compound names when used in queries, for example SELECT * FROM [crm.accounts.customers]

Live Metadata

All of the schemas provided by the Cloud are dynamically retrieved from Couchbase, so any changes in the buckets or fields within Couchbase will be reflected in the Cloud the next time you connect. You may also issue a reset query to refresh schemas without having to close the connection:

RESET SCHEMA CACHE

Stored procedures are function-like interfaces that extend the functionality of the Cloud beyond simple SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations with Couchbase.

Stored procedures accept a list of parameters, perform their intended function, and then return any relevant response data from Couchbase, along with an indication of whether the procedure succeeded or failed.

CData Cloud - Couchbase Stored Procedures

Name	Description
AddDocument	Upsert entire JSON documents to Couchbase as-is.
CreateBucket	Creates a new bucket in CouchBase.
CreateCollection	Creates a collection under an existing scope
CreateScope	Creates a scope under an existing bucket
CreateSearchIndex	Creates a search index with the Search Service API in Couchbase.
CreateUserTable	An internal operation used when GenerateSchemaFiles=OnCreate
DeleteBucket	Deletes a bucket (and all its collections and scopes, where supported)
DeleteCollection	Deletes a collection (Couchbase 7 and up)
DeleteScope	Deletes a scope and all its collections (Couchbase 7 and up)
ExecuteSearchIndex	Execute a search on an index using the Search Service API in Couchbase.
FlushBucket	Removes all documents from a bucket in Couchbase.
ListIndices	Lists all indices available in Couchbase
ManageIndices	Creates/Drops an index in a target bucket in Couchbase.

Upsert entire JSON documents to Couchbase as-is.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
BucketName	String	True	The bucket to insert the document into.
SourceTable	String	False	The name of the temp table containing ID and Document columns. Required if no ID is specified.
ID	String	False	The primary key to insert the document under. Required if no SourceTable is specified.
Document	String	False	The JSON text of the document to insert. Required if not SourceTable is specified.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
RowsAffected	String	The number of rows successfully updated

Creates a new bucket in CouchBase.

Creating Buckets

Buckets using @AuthType 'none' can be created by specifying only the @Name, @AuthType, @BucketType, and @RamQuotaMB. The @ProxyPort option may also be required, depending upon what version of Couchbase you are connecting to.

EXECUTE CreateBucket
  @Name = 'Players',
  @AuthType = 'NONE',
  @BucketType = 'COUCHBASE',
  @RamQuotaMB = 100,
  @ProxyPort = 1234

When creating a bucket with @AuthType 'sasl', the @ProxyPort must not be provided, and the @SaslPassword is optional:

EXECUTE CreateBucket
  @Name = 'Players',
  @AuthType = 'SASL',
  @BucketType = 'COUCHBASE',
  @RamQuotaMB = 100

All other parameters can be used regardless of what @AuthType you provide.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Name	String	True	The name of the bucket to create.
AuthType	String	True	The type of authentication to use can be sasl or none.
BucketType	String	True	The type of the bucket, can be memcached or couchbase.
EvictionPolicy	String	False	What to evict from the cache if the bucket is full, can be fullEviction or valueOnly
FlushEnabled	String	False	Enables or disables flush all support, can be 0 or 1.
ParallelDBAndViewCompaction	String	False	Enables simultaneous compactions of the database and the views, can be true or false.
ProxyPort	String	False	The proxy port, must be unused, required if authorization is not SASL.
RamQuotaMB	String	True	The amount of RAM to allocate to the bucket, in megabytes.
ReplicaIndex	String	False	Enables or disables replicate indexes, can be 1 or 0.
ReplicaNumber	String	False	A number between 0 and 3, specifies number of replicas.
SaslPassword	String	False	SASL password, may be provided if the authentication type is SASL.
ThreadsNumber	String	False	A number between 2 and 8, specifies number of concurrent readers/writers.
CompressionMode	String	False	Either Off (no compression), Passive (documents inserted compressed stay comressed) or Active (server can compress any document). On Couchbase Enterprise, Passive is the default.
ConflictResolutionType	String	False	How the server will resolve conflicts between cluster nodes. Either lww (timestamp-based resolution) or seqno (revision ID-based resolution). Defaults to seqno on Couchbase Enterprise.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	String	Whether or not the bucket was successfully created.

Creates a collection under an existing scope

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Bucket	String	True	The name of the bucket containing the collection.
Scope	String	True	The name of the scope containing the collection.
Name	String	True	The name of the collection to create.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Bool	Whether or not the collection was successfully created.

Creates a scope under an existing bucket

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Bucket	String	True	The name of the bucket containing the scope.
Name	String	True	The name of the scope to create.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Bool	Whether or not the scope was successfully created.

Creates a search index with the Search Service API in Couchbase.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
SearchIndexName	String	True	The Name of the search Index.
SearchIndex	String	True	The JSON text of the document to insert. Required if not SourceTable is specified.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	String	Whether or not the index was successfully created or dropped.

An internal operation used when GenerateSchemaFiles=OnCreate

This stored procedure is an internal operation that gets executed when running CREATE TABLE statements and GenerateSchemaFiles is set to OnCreate.

Note: This procedure makes use of indexed parameters. Indexed parameters facilitate providing multiple instances a single parameter as inputs for the procedure.

Suppose there is an input parameter named Param#. To input multiple instances of an indexed parameter like this, execute:

EXEC ProcedureName Param#1 = "value1", Param#2 = "value2", Param#3 = "value3"

In the table below, indexed parameters are denoted with a '#' character at the end of their names.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
CreateNotExist	String	False	Whether an existing table is an error or not
TableName	String	False	The name of the table to create
ColumnNames#	String	False	For each column, its name
ColumnDataTypes#	String	False	For each column, its type
ColumnSizes#	String	False	For each column, its size (ignored)
ColumnScales#	String	False	For each column, its scale (ignored)
ColumnIsNulls#	String	False	For each column, whether it allows NULLs (ignored)
ColumnDefaults#	String	False	For each column, its default value (ignored)
Location	String	False	Where the schema file is generated

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
AffectedTables	String	The number of tables created, either 0 or 1

Deletes a bucket (and all its collections and scopes, where supported)

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Name	String	True	The name of the bucket to delete.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Bool	Whether or not the bucket was successfully deleted.

Deletes a collection (Couchbase 7 and up)

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Bucket	String	True	The name of the bucket containing the collection.
Scope	String	True	The name of the scope containing the collection.
Name	String	True	The name of the collection to delete.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Bool	Whether or not the collection was successfully deleted.

Deletes a scope and all its collections (Couchbase 7 and up)

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Bucket	String	True	The name of the bucket containing the scope.
Name	String	True	The name of the scope to delete.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Bool	Whether or not the scope was successfully deleted.

Execute a search on an index using the Search Service API in Couchbase.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
SearchIndexName	String	True	The Name of the search Index.
QueryRequest	String	True	The JSON text of the document to insert. Required if not SourceTable is specified.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	String	Whether or not the index was successfully created or dropped.

Removes all documents from a bucket in Couchbase.

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
Name	String	True	The name of the bucket to delete. Flush must be enabled on this bucket.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	Bool	Whether or not the bucket was successfully flushed.

Lists all indices available in Couchbase

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id	String	The unique index ID
Datastore_id	String	The server hosting the indexed bucket
Namespace_id	String	The pool hosting the indexed bucket
Bucket_id	String	The bucket the index applies to if the index applies to a collection (Couchbase 7 and up). NULL otherwise.
Scope_id	String	The scope the index applies to if the index applies to a collection (Couchbase 7 and up). NULL otherwise.
Keyspace_id	String	The collection the index applies to, if the index applis to a collection (Couchbase 7 and up). The bucket the index applies to otherwise.
Index_key	String	A list of keys participating in the index
Condition	String	The N1QL filter that the index applies to
Is_primary	String	Whether the index is on the primary key
Name	String	The name of the index
State	String	Whether the index is available
Using	String	Whether the index is backed by GSI or a view

Creates/Drops an index in a target bucket in Couchbase.

Building Indices

An anonymous primary index can be created with these parameters:

EXECUTE ManageIndices
  @BucketName = 'Players'
  @Action = 'CREATE'
  @IsPrimary = 'true'
  @IndexType = 'VIEW'

This is the same as executing this N1QL:

CREATE PRIMARY INDEX ON `Players` USING VIEW

A named primary index can be created by specifying an @Name, in addition to the parameters listed above:

EXECUTE ManageIndices
  @BucketName = 'Players'
  @Action = 'CREATE'
  @IsPrimary = 'true'
  @Name = 'Players_primary'
  @IndexType = 'VIEW'

A secondary index can be created by setting @IsPrimary to false and providing at least one expression.

EXECUTE ManageIndices
  @BucketName = 'Players',
  @Action = 'CREATE',
  @IsPrimary = 'false',
  @Name = 'Players_playtime_score',
  @Expressions = '["score", "playtime"]'

This is the same as running the following N1QL:

CREATE INDEX `Players_playtime_score` ON `Players`(score, playtime) USING GSI;

Multiple nodes and filters can also be provied to generate more complex indices. They must be provided as JSON lists:

EXECUTE ManageIndices
  @BucketName = 'Players',
  @Name = 'TopPlayers',
  @Expressions = '["score", "playtime"]',
  @Filter = '["topscore > 1000", "playtime > 600"]',
  @Nodes = '["127.0.0.1:8091", "192.168.0.100:8091"]'

This is the same as running the following N1QL:

CREATE INDEX `TopPlayers` ON `Players`(score, playtime) WHERE topscore > 1000 AND playtime > 600 USING GSI WITH { "nodes": ["127.0.0.1:8091", "192.168.0.100:8091"]};

Input

Name	Type	Required	Description
BucketName	String	True	The target bucket to create or drop the the index from.
ScopeName	String	False	The target scope to create or drop the index from (Couchbase 7 and up)
CollectionName	String	False	The target collection to create or drop the index from (Couchbase 7 and up)
Action	String	True	Specifies which action to perform on the index, can be Create or Drop.
Expressions	String	False	A list of expressions or functions, encoded as JSON, that the index will be based off of. At least one is required if IsPrimary is set to false and the action is Create.
Name	String	False	The name of the index to create or drop, required if IsPrimary is set to false.
IsPrimary	String	False	Specifies wether the index should be a primary index. The default value is true.
Filters	String	False	A list of filters, encoded as JSON, to apply on the index.
IndexType	String	False	The type of index to create, can be GSI or View, only used if the action is Create. The default value is GSI.
ViewName	String	False	Deprecated, included for compatibility only. Does nothing.
Nodes	String	False	A list, encoded as JSON, of nodes to contain the index, must contain the port. Only used if the action is Create.
NumReplica	String	False	How many replicas to create among the index nodes in the cluster.

Result Set Columns

Name	Type	Description
Success	String	Whether or not the index was successfully created or dropped.

You can query the system tables described in this section to access schema information, information on data source functionality, and batch operation statistics.

Schema Tables

The following tables return database metadata for Couchbase:

• sys_catalogs: Lists the available databases.
• sys_schemas: Lists the available schemas.
• sys_tables: Lists the available tables and views.
• sys_tablecolumns: Describes the columns of the available tables and views.
• sys_procedures: Describes the available stored procedures.
• sys_procedureparameters: Describes stored procedure parameters.
• sys_keycolumns: Describes the primary and foreign keys.
• sys_indexes: Describes the available indexes.

Data Source Tables

The following tables return information about how to connect to and query the data source:

• sys_connection_props: Returns information on the available connection properties.
• sys_sqlinfo: Describes the SELECT queries that the Cloud can offload to the data source.

Query Information Tables

The following table returns query statistics for data modification queries:

• sys_identity: Returns information about batch operations or single updates.

Lists the available databases.

The following query retrieves all databases determined by the connection string:

SELECT * FROM sys_catalogs

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database name.

Lists the available schemas.

The following query retrieves all available schemas:

          SELECT * FROM sys_schemas
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database name.
SchemaName	String	The schema name.

Lists the available tables.

The following query retrieves the available tables and views:

          SELECT * FROM sys_tables
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database containing the table or view.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the table or view.
TableName	String	The name of the table or view.
TableType	String	The table type (table or view).
Description	String	A description of the table or view.
IsUpdateable	Boolean	Whether the table can be updated.

Describes the columns of the available tables and views.

The following query returns the columns and data types for the [MyBucket].[MyScope].[Customer] table:

SELECT ColumnName, DataTypeName FROM sys_tablecolumns WHERE TableName='[MyBucket].[MyScope].[Customer]' 

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the table or view.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the table or view.
TableName	String	The name of the table or view containing the column.
ColumnName	String	The column name.
DataTypeName	String	The data type name.
DataType	Int32	An integer indicating the data type. This value is determined at run time based on the environment.
Length	Int32	The storage size of the column.
DisplaySize	Int32	The designated column's normal maximum width in characters.
NumericPrecision	Int32	The maximum number of digits in numeric data. The column length in characters for character and date-time data.
NumericScale	Int32	The column scale or number of digits to the right of the decimal point.
IsNullable	Boolean	Whether the column can contain null.
Description	String	A brief description of the column.
Ordinal	Int32	The sequence number of the column.
IsAutoIncrement	String	Whether the column value is assigned in fixed increments.
IsGeneratedColumn	String	Whether the column is generated.
IsHidden	Boolean	Whether the column is hidden.
IsArray	Boolean	Whether the column is an array.
IsReadOnly	Boolean	Whether the column is read-only.
IsKey	Boolean	Indicates whether a field returned from sys_tablecolumns is the primary key of the table.
ColumnType	String	The role or classification of the column in the schema. Possible values include SYSTEM, LINKEDCOLUMN, NAVIGATIONKEY, REFERENCECOLUMN, and NAVIGATIONPARENTCOLUMN.

Lists the available stored procedures.

The following query retrieves the available stored procedures:

          SELECT * FROM sys_procedures
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The database containing the stored procedure.
SchemaName	String	The schema containing the stored procedure.
ProcedureName	String	The name of the stored procedure.
Description	String	A description of the stored procedure.
ProcedureType	String	The type of the procedure, such as PROCEDURE or FUNCTION.

Describes stored procedure parameters.

The following query returns information about all of the input parameters for the SelectEntries stored procedure:

SELECT * FROM sys_procedureparameters WHERE ProcedureName = 'SelectEntries' AND Direction = 1 OR Direction = 2

To include result set columns in addition to the parameters, set the IncludeResultColumns pseudo column to True:

SELECT * FROM sys_procedureparameters WHERE ProcedureName = 'SelectEntries' AND IncludeResultColumns='True'

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the stored procedure.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the stored procedure.
ProcedureName	String	The name of the stored procedure containing the parameter.
ColumnName	String	The name of the stored procedure parameter.
Direction	Int32	An integer corresponding to the type of the parameter: input (1), input/output (2), or output(4). input/output type parameters can be both input and output parameters.
DataType	Int32	An integer indicating the data type. This value is determined at run time based on the environment.
DataTypeName	String	The name of the data type.
NumericPrecision	Int32	The maximum precision for numeric data. The column length in characters for character and date-time data.
Length	Int32	The number of characters allowed for character data. The number of digits allowed for numeric data.
NumericScale	Int32	The number of digits to the right of the decimal point in numeric data.
IsNullable	Boolean	Whether the parameter can contain null.
IsRequired	Boolean	Whether the parameter is required for execution of the procedure.
IsArray	Boolean	Whether the parameter is an array.
Description	String	The description of the parameter.
Ordinal	Int32	The index of the parameter.
Values	String	The values you can set in this parameter are limited to those shown in this column. Possible values are comma-separated.
SupportsStreams	Boolean	Whether the parameter represents a file that you can pass as either a file path or a stream.
IsPath	Boolean	Whether the parameter is a target path for a schema creation operation.
Default	String	The value used for this parameter when no value is specified.
SpecificName	String	A label that, when multiple stored procedures have the same name, uniquely identifies each identically-named stored procedure. If there's only one procedure with a given name, its name is simply reflected here.
IsCDataProvided	Boolean	Whether the procedure is added/implemented by CData, as opposed to being a native Couchbase procedure.

Pseudo-Columns

Name	Type	Description
IncludeResultColumns	Boolean	Whether the output should include columns from the result set in addition to parameters. Defaults to False.

Describes the primary and foreign keys.

The following query retrieves the primary key for the [MyBucket].[MyScope].[Customer] table:

         SELECT * FROM sys_keycolumns WHERE IsKey='True' AND TableName='[MyBucket].[MyScope].[Customer]' 
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
IsKey	Boolean	Whether the column is a primary key in the table referenced in the TableName field.
IsForeignKey	Boolean	Whether the column is a foreign key referenced in the TableName field.
PrimaryKeyName	String	The name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyName	String	The name of the foreign key.
ReferencedCatalogName	String	The database containing the primary key.
ReferencedSchemaName	String	The schema containing the primary key.
ReferencedTableName	String	The table containing the primary key.
ReferencedColumnName	String	The column name of the primary key.

Describes the foreign keys.

The following query retrieves all foreign keys which refer to other tables:

         SELECT * FROM sys_foreignkeys WHERE ForeignKeyType = 'FOREIGNKEY_TYPE_IMPORT'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
PrimaryKeyName	String	The name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyName	String	The name of the foreign key.
ReferencedCatalogName	String	The database containing the primary key.
ReferencedSchemaName	String	The schema containing the primary key.
ReferencedTableName	String	The table containing the primary key.
ReferencedColumnName	String	The column name of the primary key.
ForeignKeyType	String	Designates whether the foreign key is an import (points to other tables) or export (referenced from other tables) key.

Describes the primary keys.

The following query retrieves the primary keys from all tables and views:

         SELECT * FROM sys_primarykeys
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the key.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the key.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the key.
ColumnName	String	The name of the key column.
KeySeq	String	The sequence number of the primary key.
KeyName	String	The name of the primary key.

Describes the available indexes. By filtering on indexes, you can write more selective queries with faster query response times.

The following query retrieves all indexes that are not primary keys:

          SELECT * FROM sys_indexes WHERE IsPrimary='false'
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
CatalogName	String	The name of the database containing the index.
SchemaName	String	The name of the schema containing the index.
TableName	String	The name of the table containing the index.
IndexName	String	The index name.
ColumnName	String	The name of the column associated with the index.
IsUnique	Boolean	True if the index is unique. False otherwise.
IsPrimary	Boolean	True if the index is a primary key. False otherwise.
Type	Int16	An integer value corresponding to the index type: statistic (0), clustered (1), hashed (2), or other (3).
SortOrder	String	The sort order: A for ascending or D for descending.
OrdinalPosition	Int16	The sequence number of the column in the index.

Returns information on the available connection properties and those set in the connection string.

The following query retrieves all connection properties that have been set in the connection string or set through a default value:

SELECT * FROM sys_connection_props WHERE Value <> ''

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Name	String	The name of the connection property.
ShortDescription	String	A brief description.
Type	String	The data type of the connection property.
Default	String	The default value if one is not explicitly set.
Values	String	A comma-separated list of possible values. A validation error is thrown if another value is specified.
Value	String	The value you set or a preconfigured default.
Required	Boolean	Whether the property is required to connect.
Category	String	The category of the connection property.
IsSessionProperty	String	Whether the property is a session property, used to save information about the current connection.
Sensitivity	String	The sensitivity level of the property. This informs whether the property is obfuscated in logging and authentication forms.
PropertyName	String	A camel-cased truncated form of the connection property name.
Ordinal	Int32	The index of the parameter.
CatOrdinal	Int32	The index of the parameter category.
Hierarchy	String	Shows dependent properties associated that need to be set alongside this one.
Visible	Boolean	Informs whether the property is visible in the connection UI.
ETC	String	Various miscellaneous information about the property.

Describes the SELECT query processing that the Cloud can offload to the data source.

See SQL Compliance for SQL syntax details.

Discovering the Data Source's SELECT Capabilities

Below is an example data set of SQL capabilities. Some aspects of SELECT functionality are returned in a comma-separated list if supported; otherwise, the column contains NO.

Name	Description	Possible Values
AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS	Supported aggregation functions.	AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, DISTINCT
COUNT	Whether COUNT function is supported.	YES, NO
IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_OPEN_CHAR	The opening character used to escape an identifier.	[
IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CLOSE_CHAR	The closing character used to escape an identifier.	]
SUPPORTED_OPERATORS	A list of supported SQL operators.	=, >, <, >=, <=, <>, !=, LIKE, NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL, AND, OR
GROUP_BY	Whether GROUP BY is supported, and, if so, the degree of support.	NO, NO_RELATION, EQUALS_SELECT, SQL_GB_COLLATE
OJ_CAPABILITIES	The supported varieties of outer joins supported.	NO, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL, INNER, NOT_ORDERED, ALL_COMPARISON_OPS
OUTER_JOINS	Whether outer joins are supported.	YES, NO
SUBQUERIES	Whether subqueries are supported, and, if so, the degree of support.	NO, COMPARISON, EXISTS, IN, CORRELATED_SUBQUERIES, QUANTIFIED
STRING_FUNCTIONS	Supported string functions.	LENGTH, CHAR, LOCATE, REPLACE, SUBSTRING, RTRIM, LTRIM, RIGHT, LEFT, UCASE, SPACE, SOUNDEX, LCASE, CONCAT, ASCII, REPEAT, OCTET, BIT, POSITION, INSERT, TRIM, UPPER, REGEXP, LOWER, DIFFERENCE, CHARACTER, SUBSTR, STR, REVERSE, PLAN, UUIDTOSTR, TRANSLATE, TRAILING, TO, STUFF, STRTOUUID, STRING, SPLIT, SORTKEY, SIMILAR, REPLICATE, PATINDEX, LPAD, LEN, LEADING, KEY, INSTR, INSERTSTR, HTML, GRAPHICAL, CONVERT, COLLATION, CHARINDEX, BYTE
NUMERIC_FUNCTIONS	Supported numeric functions.	ABS, ACOS, ASIN, ATAN, ATAN2, CEILING, COS, COT, EXP, FLOOR, LOG, MOD, SIGN, SIN, SQRT, TAN, PI, RAND, DEGREES, LOG10, POWER, RADIANS, ROUND, TRUNCATE
TIMEDATE_FUNCTIONS	Supported date/time functions.	NOW, CURDATE, DAYOFMONTH, DAYOFWEEK, DAYOFYEAR, MONTH, QUARTER, WEEK, YEAR, CURTIME, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, TIMESTAMPADD, TIMESTAMPDIFF, DAYNAME, MONTHNAME, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, EXTRACT
REPLICATION_SKIP_TABLES	Indicates tables skipped during replication.
REPLICATION_TIMECHECK_COLUMNS	A string array containing a list of columns which will be used to check for (in the given order) to use as a modified column during replication.
IDENTIFIER_PATTERN	String value indicating what string is valid for an identifier.
SUPPORT_TRANSACTION	Indicates if the provider supports transactions such as commit and rollback.	YES, NO
DIALECT	Indicates the SQL dialect to use.
KEY_PROPERTIES	Indicates the properties which identify the uniform database.
SUPPORTS_MULTIPLE_SCHEMAS	Indicates if multiple schemas may exist for the provider.	YES, NO
SUPPORTS_MULTIPLE_CATALOGS	Indicates if multiple catalogs may exist for the provider.	YES, NO
DATASYNCVERSION	The CData Data Sync version needed to access this driver.	Standard, Starter, Professional, Enterprise
DATASYNCCATEGORY	The CData Data Sync category of this driver.	Source, Destination, Cloud Destination
SUPPORTSENHANCEDSQL	Whether enhanced SQL functionality beyond what is offered by the API is supported.	TRUE, FALSE
SUPPORTS_BATCH_OPERATIONS	Whether batch operations are supported.	YES, NO
SQL_CAP	All supported SQL capabilities for this driver.	SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, TRANSACTIONS, ORDERBY, OAUTH, ASSIGNEDID, LIMIT, LIKE, BULKINSERT, COUNT, BULKDELETE, BULKUPDATE, GROUPBY, HAVING, AGGS, OFFSET, REPLICATE, COUNTDISTINCT, JOINS, DROP, CREATE, DISTINCT, INNERJOINS, SUBQUERIES, ALTER, MULTIPLESCHEMAS, GROUPBYNORELATION, OUTERJOINS, UNIONALL, UNION, UPSERT, GETDELETED, CROSSJOINS, GROUPBYCOLLATE, MULTIPLECATS, FULLOUTERJOIN, MERGE, JSONEXTRACT, BULKUPSERT, SUM, SUBQUERIESFULL, MIN, MAX, JOINSFULL, XMLEXTRACT, AVG, MULTISTATEMENTS, FOREIGNKEYS, CASE, LEFTJOINS, COMMAJOINS, WITH, LITERALS, RENAME, NESTEDTABLES, EXECUTE, BATCH, BASIC, INDEX
PREFERRED_CACHE_OPTIONS	A string value specifies the preferred cacheOptions.
ENABLE_EF_ADVANCED_QUERY	Indicates if the driver directly supports advanced queries coming from Entity Framework. If not, queries will be handled client side.	YES, NO
PSEUDO_COLUMNS	A string array indicating the available pseudo columns.
MERGE_ALWAYS	If the value is true, The Merge Mode is forcibly executed in Data Sync.	TRUE, FALSE
REPLICATION_MIN_DATE_QUERY	A select query to return the replicate start datetime.
REPLICATION_MIN_FUNCTION	Allows a provider to specify the formula name to use for executing a server side min.
REPLICATION_START_DATE	Allows a provider to specify a replicate startdate.
REPLICATION_MAX_DATE_QUERY	A select query to return the replicate end datetime.
REPLICATION_MAX_FUNCTION	Allows a provider to specify the formula name to use for executing a server side max.
IGNORE_INTERVALS_ON_INITIAL_REPLICATE	A list of tables which will skip dividing the replicate into chunks on the initial replicate.
CHECKCACHE_USE_PARENTID	Indicates whether the CheckCache statement should be done against the parent key column.	TRUE, FALSE
CREATE_SCHEMA_PROCEDURES	Indicates stored procedures that can be used for generating schema files.

The following query retrieves the operators that can be used in the WHERE clause:

SELECT * FROM sys_sqlinfo WHERE Name = 'SUPPORTED_OPERATORS'

Note that individual tables may have different limitations or requirements on the WHERE clause; refer to the Data Model section for more information.

Columns

Name	Type	Description
NAME	String	A component of SQL syntax, or a capability that can be processed on the server.
VALUE	String	Detail on the supported SQL or SQL syntax.

Returns information about attempted modifications.

The following query retrieves the Ids of the modified rows in a batch operation:

         SELECT * FROM sys_identity
          

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Id	String	The database-generated Id returned from a data modification operation.
Batch	String	An identifier for the batch. 1 for a single operation.
Operation	String	The result of the operation in the batch: INSERTED, UPDATED, or DELETED.
Message	String	SUCCESS or an error message if the update in the batch failed.

Describes the available system information.

The following query retrieves all columns:

SELECT * FROM sys_information

Columns

Name	Type	Description
Product	String	The name of the product.
Version	String	The version number of the product.
Datasource	String	The name of the datasource the product connects to.
NodeId	String	The unique identifier of the machine where the product is installed.
HelpURL	String	The URL to the product's help documentation.
License	String	The license information for the product. (If this information is not available, the field may be left blank or marked as 'N/A'.)
Location	String	The file path location where the product's library is stored.
Environment	String	The version of the environment or rumtine the product is currently running under.
DataSyncVersion	String	The tier of CData Sync required to use this connector.
DataSyncCategory	String	The category of CData Sync functionality (e.g., Source, Destination).

The connection string properties are the various options that can be used to establish a connection. This section provides a complete list of the options you can configure in the connection string for this provider. Click the links for further details.

For more information on establishing a connection, see Establishing a Connection.

Authentication

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	The type of authentication to use when connecting to Couchbase.
User	Specifies the authenticating user's user ID.
Password	Specifies the authenticating user's password.
Server	The address of the Couchbase server or servers to which you are connecting.
CouchbaseService	Determines the Couchbase service to connect to. Default is N1QL. Available options are N1QL and Analytics.
ConnectionMode	Determines how to connect to the Couchbase server. Must be either Direct or Cloud.
DNSServer	Determines what DNS server to use when retrieving Couchbase Capella information.
N1QLPort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase N1QL Endpoint.
AnalyticsPort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Analytics Endpoint.
WebConsolePort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Web Console.
SearchPort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Search Service Endpoint.

SSL

---

Property	Description
SSLClientCert	Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.
SSLClientCertType	Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.
SSLClientCertPassword	Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.
SSLClientCertSubject	Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.
UseSSL	Whether to negotiate TLS/SSL when connecting to the Couchbase server.
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Logging

---

Property	Description
Verbosity	Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Schema

---

Property	Description
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
Dataverse	Which Analytics dataverse to scan when discovering tables.
TypeDetectionScheme	Determines how the provider builds tables and columns from the buckets found in Couchbase.
InferNumSampleValues	The maximum number of values for every field to scan before determining its data type. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.
InferSampleSize	The maximum number of documents to scan for the columns available in the bucket. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.
InferSimilarityMetric	Specifies the similarity degree where different schemas will be considered to be the same flavor. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.
FlexibleSchemas	Whether the provider allows queries to use columns that it has not discovered.
ExposeTTL	Specifies whether document TTL information should be exposed.
NumericStrings	Whether to allow string values to be treated as numbers.
IgnoreChildAggregates	Whether the provider exposes aggregate columns that are also available as child tables. Ignored if TableSupport is not set to Full.
TableSupport	How much effort the provider will put into discovering tables on the Couchbase server.
NewChildJoinsMode	Determines the kind of child table model the provider exposes.

Miscellaneous

---

Property	Description
ChildSeparator	The character or characters used to denote child tables.
CreateTableRamQuota	The default RAM quota, in megabytes, to use when inserting buckets via the CREATE TABLE syntax.
DataverseSeparator	The character or characters used to denote Analytics dataverses and scopes/collections.
FlattenArrays	The number of elements to expose as columns from nested arrays. Ignored if IgnoreChildAggregates is enabled.
FlattenObjects	Set FlattenObjects to true to flatten object properties into columns of their own. Otherwise, objects nested in arrays are returned as strings of JSON.
FlavorSeparator	The character or characters used to denote flavors.
InsertNullValues	Determines whether an INSERT should include fields that have NULL values.
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
Pagesize	Specifies the maximum number of records per page the provider returns when requesting data from Couchbase.
PeriodsSeparator	The character or characters used to denote hierarchy.
PseudoColumns	Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.
QueryExecutionTimeout	This sets the server-side timeout for the query, which governs how long Couchbase will execute the query before returning a timeout error.
RowScanDepth	The maximum number of rows to scan to look for the columns available in a table.
StrictComparison	Adjusts how precisely to translate filters on SQL input queries into Couchbase queries. This can be set to a comma-separated list of values, where each value can be one of: date, number, boolean, or string.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error.
TransactionDurability	Specifies how a document must be stored for a transaction to succeed. Specifies whether to use N1QL transactions when executing queries.
TransactionTimeout	This sets the amount of time a transaction may execute before it is timed out by Couchbase.
UpdateNullValues	Determines whether an UPDATE writes NULL values as NULL, or removes them.
UseCollectionsForDDL	Whether to assume that CREATE TABLE statements use collections instead of flavors. Only takes effect when connecting to Couchbase v7+ and GenerateSchemaFiles is set to OnCreate.
UseTransactions	Specifies whether to use N1QL transactions when executing queries.

This section provides a complete list of the Authentication properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
AuthScheme	The type of authentication to use when connecting to Couchbase.
User	Specifies the authenticating user's user ID.
Password	Specifies the authenticating user's password.
Server	The address of the Couchbase server or servers to which you are connecting.
CouchbaseService	Determines the Couchbase service to connect to. Default is N1QL. Available options are N1QL and Analytics.
ConnectionMode	Determines how to connect to the Couchbase server. Must be either Direct or Cloud.
DNSServer	Determines what DNS server to use when retrieving Couchbase Capella information.
N1QLPort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase N1QL Endpoint.
AnalyticsPort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Analytics Endpoint.
WebConsolePort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Web Console.
SearchPort	The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Search Service Endpoint.

The type of authentication to use when connecting to Couchbase.

Possible Values

Basic, SSLCertificate

Data Type

string

Default Value

"Basic"

Remarks

• Basic: Uses HTTP Basic authentication with User and Password.
• CredentialsFile: Uses a credentials file. This will require that the CredentialsFile property be set.
• SSLCertificate: Uses SSL client certificate authentication. Requires that UseSSL be enabled and that SSLClientCert and SSLClientCertType be set.

Note that only Basic authentication is supported when using the "Cloud" ConnectionMode.

Specifies the authenticating user's user ID.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The authenticating server requires both User and Password to validate the user's identity.

Specifies the authenticating user's password.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

The authenticating server requires both User and Password to validate the user's identity.

The address of the Couchbase server or servers to which you are connecting.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This value can be set to a hostname or an IP address, like "couchbase-server.com" or "1.2.3.4". It can also be set to an HTTP or HTTPS URL, such as "https://couchbase-server.com" or "http://1.2.3.4". If ConnectionMode is set to Cloud then this should be the hostname of the Couchbase Cloud instance as reported in the control panel.

If the URL form is used, then setting this option will also set the UseSSL option: if the URL scheme is "https://", then UseSSL will be set to true, and a URL with "http://" will set UseSSL to false.

A port value cannot be used as part of this option, so values like "http://couchbase-server.com:8093" are not allowed. Please use WebConsolePort, N1QLPort and AnalyticsPort.

This value can also accept multiple servers in the above format separated by commas, such as "1.2.3.4, couchbase-server.com". This will allow the Cloud to recover the connection in case some of the servers listed are inaccessible.

Note that while the Cloud will try to recover the connection as a whole, it may lose individual operations. For example, while a long-running query will fail if the server becomes inaccesssible while that query is running, that query can be retried on the same connection and the Cloud will execute it on the next active server.

Determines the Couchbase service to connect to. Default is N1QL. Available options are N1QL and Analytics.

Possible Values

N1QL, Analytics

Data Type

string

Default Value

"N1QL"

Remarks

Determines the Couchbase service to connect to. Default is N1QL. Available options are N1QL and Analytics

Determines how to connect to the Couchbase server. Must be either Direct or Cloud.

Possible Values

Cloud

Data Type

string

Default Value

"Cloud"

Remarks

By default the Cloud connects to Couchbase directly using the address given in the Server option. The Server must be running the appropriate CouchbaseService to accept the connection. This will work in most on-premise or basic cloud deployments.

This should be set to Cloud when connecting to Couchbase Capella or a custom deployment that uses service records. These records will allow the Cloud to determine the exact Couchbase servers that provide the appropriate CouchbaseService. You must also set the DNSServer property so that the Cloud is able to fetch these service records.

Note that enabling Cloud mode will override these connection properties with the values discovered by contacting the cluster:

• Server
• N1QLPort
• AnalyticsPort

Determines what DNS server to use when retrieving Couchbase Capella information.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"8.8.8.8"

Remarks

In most cases any public DNS server can be provided here such as the ones provided by OpenDNS, Cloudflare or Google.

If these are not accessible then you will need to use the DNS server configured by your network administrator. You can also provide a port if needed: DNSServer=10.1.2.3:5300

The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase N1QL Endpoint.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This port is used for submitting queries when CouchbaseService is set to N1QL. Any requests to manage indices will also go through this port. It defaults to 8093 when not using SSL, and 18093 when using SSL. See UseSSL.

This option can be set one of two ways:

• As a port number like "1234". With this setting the Cloud will send N1QL queries to the endpoint http://Server:N1QLPort/query/service. (or https:// if Server is https:// or UseSSL is enabled).
• As a full URL like "http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy". With this setting the Cloud send N1QL queries using the endpoint you specify. For example, if you use that URL then N1QL requests will go to http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy/query/serivce. Server and UseSSL are ignored for N1QL requests.

The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Analytics Endpoint.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This port is used for submitting queries when CouchbaseService is set to Analytics. It defaults to 8095 when not using SSL, and 18095 when using SSL. See UseSSL.

This option can be set one of two ways:

• As a port number like "1234". With this setting the Cloud will send Analytics queries to the endpoint http://Server:AnalyticsPort/analytics/service (or https:// if Server is https:// or UseSSL is enabled).
• As a full URL like "http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy". With this setting the Cloud send Analytics queries using the endpoint you specify. For example, if you use that URL then Analytics requests will go to http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy/analytics/serivce. Server and UseSSL are ignored for Analytics requests.

The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Web Console.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This port is used for API operations like managing buckets. It defaults to 8091 when not using SSL, and 18091 when using SSL. See UseSSL.

This option can be set one of two ways:

• As a port number like "1234". With this setting the Cloud will send management requests to http://Server:WebConsolePort/. The exact endpoint depends upon the operation being used. For example, the cluster status request will go to the endpoint http://Server:WebConsolePort/pools.
• As a full URL like "http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy". With this setting the Cloud will send Web Console queries using the endpoint you specify. For example, if you use that URL then the cluster status request (normally at /pools) will go to http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy/pools. Server and UseSSL are ignored for web console requests.

The port or URL for connecting to the Couchbase Search Service Endpoint.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This port is used for submitting queries when CouchbaseService is set to Search Service. It defaults to 8094 when not using SSL, and 18094 when using SSL. See UseSSL.

This option can be set one of two ways:

• As a port number like "1234". With this setting the Cloud will send Search Service queries to the endpoint http://Server:SearchPort/api/index/ (or https:// if Server is https:// or UseSSL is enabled).
• As a full URL like "http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy". With this setting the Cloud send Search Service queries using the endpoint you specify. For example, if you use that URL then Search Service requests will go to http://couchbase.example:1234/proxy/api/index/. Server and UseSSL are ignored for Search Service requests.

This section provides a complete list of the SSL properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
SSLClientCert	Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.
SSLClientCertType	Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.
SSLClientCertPassword	Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.
SSLClientCertSubject	Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.
UseSSL	Whether to negotiate TLS/SSL when connecting to the Couchbase server.
SSLServerCert	Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Specifies the TLS/SSL client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication (2-way SSL). This property works in conjunction with other SSL-related properties to establish a secure connection.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property specifies the client certificate store for SSL Client Authentication. Use this property alongside SSLClientCertType, which defines the type of the certificate store, and SSLClientCertPassword, which specifies the password for password-protected stores. When SSLClientCert is set and SSLClientCertSubject is configured, the driver searches for a certificate matching the specified subject.

Certificate store designations vary by platform. On Windows, certificate stores are identified by names such as MY (personal certificates), while in Java, the certificate store is typically a file containing certificates and optional private keys.

The following are designations of the most common User and Machine certificate stores in Windows:

MY	A certificate store holding personal certificates with their associated private keys.
CA	Certifying authority certificates.
ROOT	Root certificates.
SPC	Software publisher certificates.

For PFXFile types, set this property to the filename. For PFXBlob types, set this property to the binary contents of the file in PKCS12 format.

Specifies the type of key store containing the TLS/SSL client certificate for SSL Client Authentication. Choose from a variety of key store formats depending on your platform and certificate source.

Possible Values

PFXBLOB, JKSBLOB, PEMKEY_BLOB, PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB, SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB, XMLBLOB, BCFKSBLOB

Data Type

string

Default Value

"PEMKEY_BLOB"

Remarks

This property determines the format and location of the key store used to provide the client certificate. Supported values include platform-specific and universal key store formats. The available values and their usage are:

USER - default	For Windows, this specifies that the certificate store is a certificate store owned by the current user. Note that this store type is not available in Java.
MACHINE	For Windows, this specifies that the certificate store is a machine store. Note that this store type is not available in Java.
PFXFILE	The certificate store is the name of a PFX (PKCS12) file containing certificates.
PFXBLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in PFX (PKCS12) format.
JKSFILE	The certificate store is the name of a Java key store (JKS) file containing certificates. Note that this store type is only available in Java.
JKSBLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) representing a certificate store in JKS format. Note that this store type is only available in Java.
PEMKEY_FILE	The certificate store is the name of a PEM-encoded file that contains a private key and an optional certificate.
PEMKEY_BLOB	The certificate store is a string (base64-encoded) that contains a private key and an optional certificate.
PUBLIC_KEY_FILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate.
PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains a PEM- or DER-encoded public key certificate.
SSHPUBLIC_KEY_FILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains an SSH-style public key.
SSHPUBLIC_KEY_BLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains an SSH-style public key.
P7BFILE	The certificate store is the name of a PKCS7 file containing certificates.
PPKFILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PuTTY Private Key (PPK).
XMLFILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains a certificate in XML format.
XMLBLOB	The certificate store is a string that contains a certificate in XML format.
BCFKSFILE	The certificate store is the name of a file that contains an Bouncy Castle keystore.
BCFKSBLOB	The certificate store is a string (base-64-encoded) that contains a Bouncy Castle keystore.

Specifes the password required to access the TLS/SSL client certificate store. Use this property if the selected certificate store type requires a password for access.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property provides the password needed to open a password-protected certificate store. This property is necessary when using certificate stores that require a password for decryption, as is often recommended for PFX or JKS type stores.

If the certificate store type does not require a password, for example USER or MACHINE on Windows, this property can be left blank. Ensure that the password matches the one associated with the specified certificate store to avoid authentication errors.

Specifes the subject of the TLS/SSL client certificate to locate it in the certificate store. Use a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields, such as CN=www.server.com, C=US. The wildcard * selects the first certificate in the store.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"*"

Remarks

This property determines which client certificate to load based on its subject. The Cloud searches for a certificate that exactly matches the specified subject. If no exact match is found, the Cloud looks for certificates containing the value of the subject. If no match is found, no certificate is selected.

The subject should follow the standard format of a comma-separated list of distinguished name fields and values. For example, CN=www.server.com, OU=Test, C=US. Common fields include the following:

Field	Meaning
CN	Common Name. This is commonly a host name like www.server.com.
O	Organization
OU	Organizational Unit
L	Locality
S	State
C	Country
E	Email Address

Note: If any field contains special characters, such as commas, the value must be quoted. For example: CN="Example, Inc.", C=US.

Whether to negotiate TLS/SSL when connecting to the Couchbase server.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

When this is set to true, the defaults for the following options change:

Property	Plaintext Default	SSL Default
AnalyticsPort	8095	18095
N1QLPort	8093	18093
WebConsolePort	8091	18091

This option should be enabled when connecting to Couchbase Capella because all Capella deployments use SSL by default.

Specifies the certificate to be accepted from the server when connecting using TLS/SSL.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

If you are using a TLS/SSL connection, use this property to specify the TLS/SSL certificate to be accepted from the server. If you specify a value for this property, all other certificates that are not trusted by the machine are rejected.

This property can take the following forms:

Description	Example
A full PEM Certificate (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIChTCCAe4CAQAwDQYJKoZIhv......Qw== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
A path to a local file containing the certificate	C:\cert.cer
The public key (example shortened for brevity)	-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSq......AQAB -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
The MD5 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated)	ecadbdda5a1529c58a1e9e09828d70e4
The SHA1 Thumbprint (hex values can also be either space- or colon-separated)	34a929226ae0819f2ec14b4a3d904f801cbb150d

Note: It is possible to use '*' to signify that all certificates should be accepted, but due to security concerns this is not recommended.

This section provides a complete list of the Logging properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
Verbosity	Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Specifies the verbosity level of the log file, which controls the amount of detail logged. Supported values range from 1 to 5.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"1"

Remarks

This property defines the level of detail the Cloud includes in the log file. Higher verbosity levels increase the detail of the logged information, but may also result in larger log files and slower performance due to the additional data being captured.

The default verbosity level is 1, which is recommended for regular operation. Higher verbosity levels are primarily intended for debugging purposes. For more information on each level, refer to Logging.

When combined with the LogModules property, Verbosity can refine logging to specific categories of information.

This section provides a complete list of the Schema properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
BrowsableSchemas	Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .
Dataverse	Which Analytics dataverse to scan when discovering tables.
TypeDetectionScheme	Determines how the provider builds tables and columns from the buckets found in Couchbase.
InferNumSampleValues	The maximum number of values for every field to scan before determining its data type. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.
InferSampleSize	The maximum number of documents to scan for the columns available in the bucket. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.
InferSimilarityMetric	Specifies the similarity degree where different schemas will be considered to be the same flavor. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.
FlexibleSchemas	Whether the provider allows queries to use columns that it has not discovered.
ExposeTTL	Specifies whether document TTL information should be exposed.
NumericStrings	Whether to allow string values to be treated as numbers.
IgnoreChildAggregates	Whether the provider exposes aggregate columns that are also available as child tables. Ignored if TableSupport is not set to Full.
TableSupport	How much effort the provider will put into discovering tables on the Couchbase server.
NewChildJoinsMode	Determines the kind of child table model the provider exposes.

Optional setting that restricts the schemas reported to a subset of all available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC .

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

Listing all available database schemas can take extra time, thus degrading performance. Providing a list of schemas in the connection string saves time and improves performance.

Which Analytics dataverse to scan when discovering tables.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property is empty by default, which means that all dataverses will be scanned and table names will be generated as described in DataverseSeparator.

If you assign this property to a non-blank value, then the Cloud will scan only the corresponding dataverse (for example, setting this to "Default" scans the Default dataverse). Since only one dataverse is being scanned, table names will not be prefixed with the dataverse name. It is recommended to set this property to "Default" if you are coming from a previous version of the Cloud and need backwards compatability.

If you are connecting to Couchbase 7.0 or later, this option will be treated as a compound name containing both a dataset and a scope. For example, if you have previously created collections like these:

CREATE ANALYTICS SCOPE websites.exampledotcom
CREATE ANALYTICS COLLECTION websites.exampledotcom.traffic ON examplecom_traffic_bucket
CREATE ANALYTICS COLLECTION websites.exampledotcom.ads ON examplecom_ads_bucket

You would set this option to "websites.exampledotcom".

Determines how the provider builds tables and columns from the buckets found in Couchbase.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"DocType"

Remarks

A comma-separated list of the following options:

DocType	This discovers tables by checking at each bucket and looking for different values of the "docType" field in the documents. For example, if the bucket beer-sample contains documents with "docType" = 'brewery' and "docType" = 'beer', this will generate three tables: beer-sample (containing all documents), beer-sample.brewery (containing just breweries) and beer-sample.beer (containing just beers). Like RowScan, this will scan a sample of the documents in each flavor and determine the data type for each field. RowScanDepth determines how many documents are scanned from each flavor.
DocType=fieldName	Like DocType, but this scans based off of a field called "fieldName" rather than "docType". "fieldName" must match the field name in Couchbase exactly, including case.
Infer	This uses the N1QL INFER statement to determine what tables and columns exist. This does more flexible flavor detection than DocType.
RowScan	This reads a sample of documents from a bucket, and heuristically determines the data type. RowScanDepth determines how many documents are scanned. It does not do any flavor detection.
None	This is like RowScan, but will always return columns that have string types instead of the detected type.

The maximum number of values for every field to scan before determining its data type. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"10"

Remarks

The maximum number of values to scan from every field of the sampled documents before determining the field's data type. This property enables additional configuration of Automatic Schema Discovery when you are using the Couchbase Infer command -- TypeDetectionScheme must also be set to Infer to use this propery.

The maximum number of documents to scan for the columns available in the bucket. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"100"

Remarks

The maximum number of documents to scan for the columns available in the bucket. The Infer command will return column metadata by scanning a random sample of documents of the size specified here.

Setting a high value may decrease performance. Setting a low value may prevent the column and data type from being determined properly, especially when there is null data.

This property enables additional configuration of Automatic Schema Discovery when you are using the Couchbase Infer command -- TypeDetectionScheme must also be set to Infer to use this propery.

Specifies the similarity degree where different schemas will be considered to be the same flavor. Applies to Automatic Schema Discovery when TypeDetectionScheme is set to INFER.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"0.7"

Remarks

This property specifies how similar two schemas must be to be considered to be the same flavor. As an example, consider the following rows:

Row 1: ColA, ColB, ColC, ColD
Row 2: ColA, ColB, ColE, ColF
Row 3: ColB, ColF, ColX, ColY

You can configure the columns returned for each flavor with different InferSimilarityMetric values, as in the following examples:

• If you set InferSimilarityMetric to 1, the Cloud will return no flavors.
• If you set InferSimilarityMetric to 0.5, the Cloud will return 2 flavors, Row1 and Row2 making up one, and Row3 making up another.
• If you set InferSimilarityMetric to 0.25, the Cloud will return a single flavor containing all rows.

You can then query document flavors using dot notation, as in the following statement:

SELECT * FROM [Items.Technology]

This property enables additional configuration of Automatic Schema Discovery when you are using the Couchbase Infer command -- TypeDetectionScheme must also be set to Infer to use this propery.

Whether the provider allows queries to use columns that it has not discovered.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

By default Cloud will only allow queries to use columns that it has found during the metadata discovery process (see TypeDetectionScheme for details). This means that the Cloud has the full information for each column it presents, but it also means that fields set on only a few documents may not be exposed. Disabling this option means that the Cloud will allow you to write a query with any columns you want. If you use columns in a query that have not been discovered the Cloud will assume that they are simple strings.

For example, the Cloud uses column type information to automatically convert dates for comparision since Couchbase cannot natively compare dates directly. If the Cloud detects that datecol is a date field, it can apply the STR_TO_MILLIS conversion automatically:

/* SQL */
WHERE datecol < '2020-06-12';

/* N1QL */
WHERE STR_TO_MILLIS(datecol) < STR_TO_MILLIS('2020-06-12');

When using undiscovered columns the Cloud cannot make this type of conversion for you. You must apply any needed conversions manually to ensure that operations behave the way you want them to.

Specifies whether document TTL information should be exposed.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

By default the Cloud does not expose TTL values or consider document TTLs when performing DML operations. Enabling this option exposes TTL values in two ways:

• All tables get a new column called Document.Expiration which contains the TTL value for each document. This column is an integer and returns whatever TTL value is stored in Couchbase directly. This column is read-write on bucket tables and read-only on child tables.
• INSERT and UPDATE will use this field to set TTL values, or to preserve them (for update) when none is provided. Setting the field to either 0 or NULL will remove the TTL from any affected documents.

Note that enabling this features requires that your server be version 6.5.1 or later and that your CouchbaseService is set to N1QL. If either of these is not the case the Cloud will not connect.

Whether to allow string values to be treated as numbers.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

By default this property is enabled and the Cloud will treat string values as numeric if they all the values it samples during schema detection are numeric. This can cause type errors later on if the field contains non-numeric values in other documents. If this property is disabled then numeric strings are left as strings although other string-based data types like timestamps will still be detected.

For example, the "code" field in the below bucket would be affected by this setting. By default it would be considered an integer but if this property were enabled it would be treated as a string.

{ "code": "123", "message": "Please restart your computer" }
{ "code": "456", "message": "Urgent update must be applied" }

Whether the provider exposes aggregate columns that are also available as child tables. Ignored if TableSupport is not set to Full.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

The Cloud will expose array fields within a bucket as a separate child table, such as in the Games_scores example described in Automatic Schema Discovery. By default the Cloud will also expose these array fields as JSON aggregates on the base table. For example, either of these queries would return information on game scores:

/* Return each score as an individual row */ 
SELECT value FROM Games_scores;

/* Return all scores for each Game as a JSON string */
SELECT scores FROM Games;

Since these aggregates are exposed on the base table, they will be generated even when the information they contain is redundant. For example, when performing this join the scores aggregate on Games is populated as well as the value column on Games_scores. Internally this causes two copies of the scores data to be transferred from Couchbase.

/* Retrieves score data twice, once for Games.scores and once for Games_scores.value */
SELECT * FROM Games INNER JOIN Games_scores ON Games.[Document.Id] = Games_scores.[Document.Id]

This option can be used to prevent the aggregate field from being exposed when the same information is also available from a child table. In the games example, setting this option to true means that the Games table would only expose a primary key column. The only way to retrieve information about scores would be the child table, so score data would only be read once from Couchbase.

/* Only exposes Document.Id, not scores */
SELECT * FROM Games;

/* Only retrieves score data once for Games_scores.value */
SELECT * FROM Games INNER JOIN Games_scores ON Games.[Document.Id] = Games_scores.[Document.Id]

Note that this option overrides FlattenArrays, since all data from flattened arrays is also avaialable as child tables. If this option is set then no array flattening is performed, even if FlattenArrays is set to a value over 0.

How much effort the provider will put into discovering tables on the Couchbase server.

Possible Values

Full, Basic, None

Data Type

string

Default Value

"Full"

Remarks

The available options are:

Full	The Cloud will discover the available buckets, and look inside of each of those buckets for child tables. This provides the most flexible way to access nested data, but requires that each bucket on your server have primary indexes.
Basic	The Cloud will discover the available buckets, but will not look inside of them for child tables. This is recommended for cases where you either want to reduce the time that schema detection takes, or if your buckets do not have primary indexes.
None	The Cloud will only use the schema files found in the Location directory, and will not discover buckets on the server. This option should only be used after you have already created schema files. Using this option without schema files will result in no tables being available.

Determines the kind of child table model the provider exposes.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

By default the Cloud exposes a backwards-compatible data model that is not fully relational. In this mode non-child tables have a primary key called Document.Id, but child tables do not have a primary key. Instead they have a column called Document.Id which has the same value as the Document.Id of the parent row that contains the child row.

For example, a parent table invoices containing invoice records may look like this:

Document.Id	customer
1	Adam
2	Beatrice
3	Charlie

And its child invoices_lineitems containing line items may look like this:

Document.Id	item
1	laptop
1	keyboard
2	stapler
3	whiteboard
3	markers

This model has several limitations:

• Complex JOIN results may be incorrect. In most cases the Cloud can translate a JOIN like SELECT * FROM invoices INNERT JOIN invoices_lineitems ON invoices.[Document.Id] = invoices_lineitems.[Document.Id] into an UNNEST. But if the JOIN is too complex then both sides are executed separately which can produce incorrect results.
• DML operations on nested child tables are impossible because there is no way to specify what row of the middle child to use. For example, you cannot change rows in a table like invoices_lineitems_discounts because there is no way to specify the lineitem that contains the discount you are updating.
• Some environments like SSIS may not be able to operate on child tables at all because they do not have primary keys.

The NewChildJoins data model is fully relational. In this mode non-child tables have the same Document.Id as before, but child tables are extended to have both a foreign key and a primary key. The foreign key is called Document.Parent and it refers to the Document.Id of the row in the parent table that contains the child row. The primary key is called Document.Id and it contains a path which uniquely refers to that child row.

For example, the same tables as above would look like this in the NewChildJoins model. invoices would be the same:

Document.Id	customer
1	Adam
2	Beatrice
3	Charlie

However, invoices_lineitems would have both a primary and foreign key. The primary key contains the ID of the parent row as well as the child row's position in the parent.

Document.Id	Document.Parent	item
1$1	1	laptop
1$2	1	keyboard
2$1	2	stapler
3$1	3	whiteboard
3$2	3	markers

This fixes the limitations of the old data model:

• Complex JOIN results are always consistent because they link foreign keys to primary keys. SELECT * FROM invoices INNERT JOIN invoices_lineitems ON invoices.[Document.Id] = invoices_lineitems.[Document.Parent]
• DML operations on nested child tables are allowed because the Document.Id contains all the required information to pick out specific rows, regardless of the table's depth.
• Environments which depend on primary keys can use these tables and generate JOIN queries since the relationships between Document.Id and Document.Parent columns are included in the Cloud metadata.

This section provides a complete list of the Miscellaneous properties you can configure in the connection string for this provider.

---

Property	Description
ChildSeparator	The character or characters used to denote child tables.
CreateTableRamQuota	The default RAM quota, in megabytes, to use when inserting buckets via the CREATE TABLE syntax.
DataverseSeparator	The character or characters used to denote Analytics dataverses and scopes/collections.
FlattenArrays	The number of elements to expose as columns from nested arrays. Ignored if IgnoreChildAggregates is enabled.
FlattenObjects	Set FlattenObjects to true to flatten object properties into columns of their own. Otherwise, objects nested in arrays are returned as strings of JSON.
FlavorSeparator	The character or characters used to denote flavors.
InsertNullValues	Determines whether an INSERT should include fields that have NULL values.
MaxRows	Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.
Pagesize	Specifies the maximum number of records per page the provider returns when requesting data from Couchbase.
PeriodsSeparator	The character or characters used to denote hierarchy.
PseudoColumns	Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.
QueryExecutionTimeout	This sets the server-side timeout for the query, which governs how long Couchbase will execute the query before returning a timeout error.
RowScanDepth	The maximum number of rows to scan to look for the columns available in a table.
StrictComparison	Adjusts how precisely to translate filters on SQL input queries into Couchbase queries. This can be set to a comma-separated list of values, where each value can be one of: date, number, boolean, or string.
Timeout	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error.
TransactionDurability	Specifies how a document must be stored for a transaction to succeed. Specifies whether to use N1QL transactions when executing queries.
TransactionTimeout	This sets the amount of time a transaction may execute before it is timed out by Couchbase.
UpdateNullValues	Determines whether an UPDATE writes NULL values as NULL, or removes them.
UseCollectionsForDDL	Whether to assume that CREATE TABLE statements use collections instead of flavors. Only takes effect when connecting to Couchbase v7+ and GenerateSchemaFiles is set to OnCreate.
UseTransactions	Specifies whether to use N1QL transactions when executing queries.

The character or characters used to denote child tables.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"_"

Remarks

When creating a child table for an array underneath a bucket, the Cloud will generate the name of the child table by concatenating the name of the base table, along with this separator and each path element.

For example, if this document were in the bucket "customers", then the child table for the addresses field would be called "customers_addresses".

{
  "addresses": [
    {"street": "123 Main St"},
    {"street": "424 Pleasant Ct"},
    {"street": "719 Blue Way"}
  ]
}

The default RAM quota, in megabytes, to use when inserting buckets via the CREATE TABLE syntax.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"250"

Remarks

The default RAM quota, in megabytes, to use when inserting buckets via the CREATE TABLE syntax.

The character or characters used to denote Analytics dataverses and scopes/collections.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"."

Remarks

When using the Analytics serivce, the Cloud will scan all datasets from all available dataverses. To avoid potential name conflicts, it will include the dataverse name and the dataset name in the generated table name.

By default this is set to ".", so that if there is a dataset called "users" on the "Default" dataverse, then the table generated will be "Default.users".

This property is also used when generating table names for collections (on both N1QL and Analytics) on Couchbase 7 and later. For example, a bucket called "users" that has two collections called "active" and "inactive" under the "status" scope would be detected as the tables "users.status.active" and "users.status.inactive".

The number of elements to expose as columns from nested arrays. Ignored if IgnoreChildAggregates is enabled.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"0"

Remarks

By default, nested arrays are returned as strings of JSON. The FlattenArrays property can be used to flatten the elements of nested arrays into columns of their own. This is only recommended for arrays that are expected to be short.

Set FlattenArrays to the number of elements you want to return from nested arrays. The specified elements are returned as columns. The zero-based index is concatenated to the column name. Other elements are ignored.

For example, you can return an arbitrary number of elements from an array of strings:

["FLOW-MATIC","LISP","COBOL"]

When FlattenArrays is set to 1, the preceding array is flattened into the following table:

Column Name	Column Value
languages.0	FLOW-MATIC

Set FlattenObjects to true to flatten object properties into columns of their own. Otherwise, objects nested in arrays are returned as strings of JSON.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

Set FlattenObjects to true to flatten object properties into columns of their own. Otherwise, objects nested in arrays are returned as strings of JSON. The property name is concatenated onto the object name with an underscore to generate the column name.

For example, you can flatten the nested objects below at connection time:

address : {
  "street" : "123 Main St.",
  "city"   : "Nowhere",
  "state"  : "NY",
  "zip"    : "12345"
}

When FlattenObjects is set to true, the preceding object is flattened into the following table:

Column Name	Column Value
address.street	123 Main St.
address.city	Nowhere
address.state	NY
address.zip	12345

The character or characters used to denote flavors.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"."

Remarks

When the Cloud detects a flavored table, using either a DocType or Infer TypeDetectionScheme, it names flavored tables by concatenating the underlying bucket name, this seprator, and the value of the bucket's primary flavor.

For example, if the Cloud detects the flavor "docType = 'beer'" on the "beer-sample" bucket, then it will generate the table "beer-sample.beer" which contains only documents in "beer-sample" which have the "beer" doctype.

Determines whether an INSERT should include fields that have NULL values.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

By default the Cloud uses NULL values provided in an INSERT statement and inserts them as JSON null values.

If this option is disabled, SQL NULL values are ignored during an INSERT. In the case of array columns (FlattenArrays must be set to retrieve these), this means that array indices are shifted over to compensate for the values that have been removed.

Specifies the maximum number of rows returned for queries that do not include either aggregation or GROUP BY.

Data Type

int

Default Value

-1

Remarks

The default value for this property, -1, means that no row limit is enforced unless the query explicitly includes a LIMIT clause. (When a query includes a LIMIT clause, the value specified in the query takes precedence over the MaxRows setting.)

Setting MaxRows to a whole number greater than 0 ensures that queries do not return excessively large result sets by default.

This property is useful for optimizing performance and preventing excessive resource consumption when executing queries that could otherwise return very large datasets.

Specifies the maximum number of records per page the provider returns when requesting data from Couchbase.

Data Type

int

Default Value

1000

Remarks

When processing a query, instead of requesting all of the queried data at once from Couchbase, the Cloud can request the queried data in pieces called pages.

This connection property determines the maximum number of results that the Cloud requests per page.

Note: Setting large page sizes may improve overall query execution time, but doing so causes the Cloud to use more memory when executing queries and risks triggering a timeout.

The character or characters used to denote hierarchy.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"."

Remarks

When flattening objects and arrays, the Cloud will use this value to separate different levels of objects and arrays. For example, if your Couchbase server returns a document like this (and FlattenObjects is enabled), then the Cloud will return the columns "geo.latitude" and "geo.longitude" if the periods separator is set to ".".

{
  "geo": {
    "latitude": 35.9132,
    "longitude": -79.0558
  }
}

Specifies the pseudocolumns to expose as table columns, expressed as a string in the format 'TableName=ColumnName;TableName=ColumnName'.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This property allows you to define which pseudocolumns the Cloud exposes as table columns.

To specify individual pseudocolumns, use the following format:

Table1=Column1;Table1=Column2;Table2=Column3

To include all pseudocolumns for all tables use:

*=*

This sets the server-side timeout for the query, which governs how long Couchbase will execute the query before returning a timeout error.

Data Type

string

Default Value

"-1"

Remarks

Th default is -1, which disables the timeout. When enabling the timeout, the value must include both an amount and a unit, which can be one of: "ns" (nanoseconds), "us" (microseconds), "ms" (milliseconds), "s" (seconds), "m" (minutes) or "h" (hours). For example, "5m" and "300s" both set timeouts of 5 minutes.

There is a server-side timeout as well called the "index scan timeout", which will override this one if it is lower. By default the index scan timeout is 2 minutes, but it can be changed by setting the "indexer.settings.scan_timeout" property on your Couchbase server.

The maximum number of rows to scan to look for the columns available in a table.

Data Type

int

Default Value

100

Remarks

The columns in a table must be determined by scanning table rows. This value determines the maximum number of rows that will be scanned.

Setting a high value may decrease performance. Setting a low value may prevent the data type from being determined properly, especially when there is null data.

Adjusts how precisely to translate filters on SQL input queries into Couchbase queries. This can be set to a comma-separated list of values, where each value can be one of: date, number, boolean, or string.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

This option is empty by default, which means that WHERE clauses sent to Couchbase will include extra functions that convert values so that more comparisons work.

For example, leaving the "string" setting out of the list causes arrays to be converted, so that they can be compared with strings:

SELECT * FROM Bucket WHERE MyArrayColumn = '[1,2,3]'

If set to a value, queries including the relevant types of comparisons will be translated literally. This makes better use of Couchbase's indexes, but means that the types of comparisons must be in a format Couchbase can compare directly.

For example, if "date" is provided as one of the options, then dates must match the format they are stored as in Couchbase since they will not be converted automatically:

SELECT * FROM Bucket WHERE MyDateColumn = '2018-10-31T10:00:00';

Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that the provider waits for a server response before throwing a timeout error.

Data Type

int

Default Value

60

Remarks

The timeout applies to each individual communication with the server rather than the entire query or operation. For example, a query could continue running beyond 60 seconds if each paging call completes within the timeout limit.

Timeout is set to 60 seconds by default. To disable timeouts, set this property to 0.

Disabling the timeout allows operations to run indefinitely until they succeed or fail due to other conditions such as server-side timeouts, network interruptions, or resource limits on the server.

Note: Use this property cautiously to avoid long-running operations that could degrade performance or result in unresponsive behavior.

Specifies how a document must be stored for a transaction to succeed. Specifies whether to use N1QL transactions when executing queries.

Possible Values

None, Majority, MajorityAndPersistActive, PersistToMajority

Data Type

string

Default Value

"Majority"

Remarks

If UseTransactions is enabled, then this option can be set to determine when Couchbase will allow writes in transactions to commit. The Couchbase documentation on Durability and Transactions contains the full details, below is a high-level summary.

This option controls requirements on both quorum and persistence. The quorum may either require no bucket replicas to receive the document (None), or a majority of replicas to have the document (all others). The persistence level requires either that the document be stored in the replica memory (Majoriy) or on the replica disk (MajorityAndPersistActive, PersistToMajority).

None is only useful if the bucket you are using is not configured for replicas. The other options can be used depending on the required performance and durability tradeoffs. Persisting to more replicas is slower but provides greater resilience against a node crashing.

This sets the amount of time a transaction may execute before it is timed out by Couchbase.

Data Type

string

Default Value

""

Remarks

If transactions are enabled, then the Cloud will default to the server's default transaction timeout setting.

When enabling the timeout, the value must include both an amount and a unit, which can be one of: "ns" (nanoseconds), "us" (microseconds), "ms" (milliseconds), "s" (seconds), "m" (minutes) or "h" (hours). For example, "5m" and "300s" both set timeouts of 5 minutes.

There are also cluster-level and node-level transaction timeouts which override this one if they are smaller. For example, if the node-level timeout is set to a minute then setting this option to "5m" will have no effect.

Determines whether an UPDATE writes NULL values as NULL, or removes them.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

true

Remarks

By default the Cloud will use NULL values provided in an UPDATE statement and set the field in Couchbase to NULL.

If this option is disabled SQL NULL values in an UPDATE will cause the Cloud to mark the field as MISSING. This removes the field from the object containing it, or if the field is contained in an array (per FlattenArrays) then that element is set to NULL.

This option should be used with care as the Cloud may not detect that the field exists if it is removed from enough documents within a bucket.

Whether to assume that CREATE TABLE statements use collections instead of flavors. Only takes effect when connecting to Couchbase v7+ and GenerateSchemaFiles is set to OnCreate.

Data Type

bool

Default Value

false

Remarks

Normally the Cloud will assume that compound table names referenced in a CREATE TABLE statement are flavors. For compatibility, this is still the default with Couchbase v7+ even though flavors are not recommended there.

CREATE TABLE [myBucket.myFlavor](
  [Document.Id] VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,
  docType VARCHAR,
  sometext VARCHAR,
  somenum INT
)

Enable this option to assume that CREATE TABLE statements refer to collection instead. In that scenario this query willl create the bucket and scope if necessary, before creating the colleciton and setting a primary index:

CREATE TABLE [myBucket.myScope.myCollection](
  [Document.Id] VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,
  sometext VARCHAR,
  somenum INT
)

Specifies whether to use N1QL transactions when executing queries.

Possible Values

Never, Always, Explicit

Data Type

string

Default Value

"Never"

Remarks

By default the Cloud does not use transactions for compatibility with older versions of Couchbase. All of the other options require a connection to Couchbase 7 or above. The N1QL service must also be enabled using CouchbaseService.

Setting this to Always means that all queries will use transactions. An explicit transaction may be created on the connection and queries will use that transaction while it is active. If there is no explicit transaction then queries will use implicit transactions instead.

Setting this to Explicit enables support for explicit transactions only. Explicit transactions may be created but if one is not currently active, then statements will not create an implicit transaction.

LZMA from 7Zip LZMA SDK

LZMA SDK is placed in the public domain.

Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute the original LZMA SDK code, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.

LZMA2 from XZ SDK

Version 1.9 and older are in the public domain.

Xamarin.Forms

Xamarin SDK

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) .NET Foundation Contributors

All rights reserved.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

NSIS 3.10

Copyright (C) 1999-2025 Contributors THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS COMMON PUBLIC LICENSE ("AGREEMENT"). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT'S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS AGREEMENT.

1. DEFINITIONS

"Contribution" means:

a) in the case of the initial Contributor, the initial code and documentation distributed under this Agreement, and b) in the case of each subsequent Contributor:

i) changes to the Program, and

ii) additions to the Program;

where such changes and/or additions to the Program originate from and are distributed by that particular Contributor. A Contribution 'originates' from a Contributor if it was added to the Program by such Contributor itself or anyone acting on such Contributor's behalf. Contributions do not include additions to the Program which: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) are not derivative works of the Program.

"Contributor" means any person or entity that distributes the Program.

"Licensed Patents " mean patent claims licensable by a Contributor which are necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its Contribution alone or when combined with the Program.

"Program" means the Contributions distributed in accordance with this Agreement.

"Recipient" means anyone who receives the Program under this Agreement, including all Contributors.

2. GRANT OF RIGHTS

a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, distribute and sublicense the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such derivative works, in source code and object code form.

b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form. This patent license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, such addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered by the Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other combinations which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is licensed hereunder.

c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor grants the licenses to its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances are provided by any Contributor that the Program does not infringe the patent or other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Each Contributor disclaims any liability to Recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of intellectual property rights or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the rights and licenses granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole responsibility to secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any. For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire that license before distributing the Program.

d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it has sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant the copyright license set forth in this Agreement.

3. REQUIREMENTS

A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code form under its own license agreement, provided that:

a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and

b) its license agreement:

i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors all warranties and conditions, express and implied, including warranties or conditions of title and non-infringement, and implied warranties or conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;

ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors all liability for damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental and consequential damages, such as lost profits;

iii) states that any provisions which differ from this Agreement are offered by that Contributor alone and not by any other party; and

iv) states that source code for the Program is available from such Contributor, and informs licensees how to obtain it in a reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software exchange.

When the Program is made available in source code form:

a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and

b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each copy of the Program.

Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained within the Program.

Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its Contribution, if any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent Recipients to identify the originator of the Contribution.

4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION

Commercial distributors of software may accept certain responsibilities with respect to end users, business partners and the like. While this license is intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributor who includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner which does not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") against any losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own expense.

For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibility alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay those damages.

5. NO WARRANTY

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of rights under this Agreement, including but not limited to the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations.

6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

7. GENERAL

If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.

If Recipient institutes patent litigation against a Contributor with respect to a patent applicable to software (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit), then any patent licenses granted by that Contributor to such Recipient under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. In addition, if Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, Recipient's obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this Agreement, but in order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is copyrighted and may only be modified in the following manner. The Agreement Steward reserves the right to publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. No one other than the Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement. IBM is the initial Agreement Steward. IBM may assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a suitable separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. Except as expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this Agreement are reserved.

This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation.