SELECT Statements
A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.
- SELECT
- INTO
- FROM
- JOIN
- WHERE
- GROUP BY
- HAVING
- UNION
- ORDER BY
- LIMIT
SELECT Syntax
The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:
SELECT {
[ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
{
*
| {
<expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ]
| { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .*
} [ , ... ]
}
[ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
{
FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
} [ , ... ]
[ [
INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] }
] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ]
] [ ... ]
[ WHERE <search_condition> ]
[ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
[ HAVING <search_condition> ]
[ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
[
ORDER BY
<column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
]
[
LIMIT <expression>
[
{ OFFSET | , }
<expression>
]
]
}
<expression> ::=
| <column_reference>
| @ <parameter>
| ?
| COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
| { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> )
| NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> )
| COALESCE ( <expression> , ... )
| CASE <expression>
WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
[ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
END
| <literal>
| <sql_function>
<search_condition> ::=
{
<expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT_LIKE | IN | NOT_IN | IS_NULL | IS_NOT_NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
} [ { AND | OR } ... ]
Examples
- Return all columns:
SELECT * FROM Boards
- Rename a column:
SELECT [Name] AS MY_Name FROM Boards
- Cast a column's data as a different data type:
SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM Boards
- Search data:
SELECT * FROM Boards WHERE Name = 'Public Board';
- Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Boards
- Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Name) FROM Boards
- Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
SELECT DISTINCT Name FROM Boards
- Summarize data:
SELECT Name, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM Boards GROUP BY Name
See Aggregate Functions for details. - Retrieve data from multiple tables.
SELECT b.BoardId, b.Name, p.PluginId FROM Boards b INNER JOIN BoardPlugins p ON b.BoardId = p.BoardId
See JOIN Queries for details. - Sort a result set in ascending order:
SELECT BoardId, Name FROM Boards ORDER BY Name ASC
- Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
SELECT BoardId, Name FROM Boards LIMIT 10
- Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
SELECT * FROM Boards WHERE Name = @param
Pseudo Columns
Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not
appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Trello.
SELECT * FROM Boards WHERE Query = 'Column3 > 100'