A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the driver:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
} | SCOPE_IDENTITY() 

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM Departments

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [OfficeId] AS MY_OfficeId FROM Departments

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(Size AS VARCHAR) AS Str_Size FROM Departments

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Departments 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT OfficeId) FROM Departments 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT OfficeId FROM Departments 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT OfficeId, MAX(Size) FROM Departments GROUP BY OfficeId

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   

   SELECT ListItems.Name, Lists.Name FROM ListItems, Lists WHERE ListItems.ListID=Lists.ID

   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT Id, OfficeId FROM Departments  ORDER BY OfficeId ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT Id, OfficeId FROM Departments LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM Departments WHERE Id = @param

See Explicitly Caching Data for information on using the SELECT statement in offline mode.

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from SAP Concur.

    SELECT * FROM Departments WHERE Pseudo = '@Pseudo'