A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT
• INTO
• FROM
• JOIN
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• HAVING
• UNION
• ORDER BY
• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the component:

SELECT {
  [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ]
  { 
    * 
    | { 
        <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] 
        | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* 
      } [ , ... ] 
  }
  [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ]
  { 
    FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  } [ , ... ]
  [ [  
      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } 
    ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] 
  ] [ ... ] 
  [ WHERE <search_condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ]
  [ HAVING <search_condition> ]
  [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ]
  [ 
    ORDER BY 
    <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]
  [ 
    LIMIT <expression>
    [ 
      { OFFSET | , }
      <expression> 
    ]
  ] 
} | SCOPE_IDENTITY() 

<expression> ::=
  | <column_reference>
  | @ <parameter> 
  | ?
  | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } )
  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) 
  | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) 
  | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) 
  | CASE <expression>
      WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ]
    [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ]
    END 
  | <literal>
  | <sql_function> 

<search_condition> ::= 
  {
    <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT_LIKE | IN | NOT_IN | IS_NULL | IS_NOT_NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ]
  } [ { AND | OR } ... ] 

Examples

1. Return all columns:
   

   SELECT * FROM [My Contacts]

2. Rename a column:
   

   SELECT [Fullname] AS MY_Fullname FROM [My Contacts]

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:
   

   SELECT CAST(WinProb AS VARCHAR) AS Str_WinProb FROM [My Contacts]

4. Search data:
   

   SELECT * FROM [My Contacts] WHERE Updated = '2017-03-15';

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM [My Contacts] 

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Fullname) FROM [My Contacts] 

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:
   

   SELECT DISTINCT Fullname FROM [My Contacts] 

8. Summarize data:
   

   SELECT Fullname, MAX(WinProb) FROM [My Contacts] GROUP BY Fullname

   See Aggregate Functions for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.
   
   See JOIN Queries for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:
    

    SELECT Id, Fullname FROM [My Contacts]  ORDER BY Fullname ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:
    

    SELECT Id, Fullname FROM [My Contacts] LIMIT 10 

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.
    

    SELECT * FROM [My Contacts] WHERE Updated = @param

Pseudo Columns

Some input-only fields are available in SELECT statements. These fields, called pseudo columns, do not appear as regular columns in the results, yet may be specified as part of the WHERE clause. You can use pseudo columns to access additional features from Google Contacts.

    SELECT * FROM [My Contacts] WHERE Pseudo = '@Pseudo'